{"id":40317,"date":"2023-01-29T21:25:58","date_gmt":"2023-01-29T13:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40317"},"modified":"2023-01-29T21:25:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-29T13:25:58","slug":"%e8%9c%9c%e8%9c%82%e7%9a%84%e7%be%a4%e4%bd%93%e5%86%b3%e7%ad%96%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%87%e5%8f%aa%e8%9c%9c%e8%9c%82%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%95%e7%a5%a8%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%b7%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40317","title":{"rendered":"\u871c\u8702\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u4e00\u4e07\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5982\u4f55\u6295\u7968\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u5de2\u7a74\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Thomas D. Seeley, Kevin Passino, Kirk Visscher<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c6a\u663e\u610f<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1 <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Martin Lindauer \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u5bfb\u623f\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u3002Lindauer \u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u7684 Karl von Frisch \u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0cKarl von Frisch \u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u89e3\u7801\u4e86\u871c\u8702\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u6210\u529f\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u544a\u77e5\u540c\u4f34\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e00\u53ea\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u5411\u524d\u8dd1\u5e76\u4e14\u6447\u6446\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u632f\u52a8\u8179\u90e8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed5\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u821e\u8e48\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56de\u8def\u3002Von Frisch \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u6447\u6446\u8dd1\u52a8\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5230\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4ee3\u8868\u98df\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Lindauer \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u52a8\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5916\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u871c\u8702\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u8868\u9762\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6b63\u5728\u8868\u6f14\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4e0e\u8702\u5de2\u91cc\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u821e\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u643a\u5e26\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u6216\u82b1\u7c89\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba3\u4f20\u98df\u54c1\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u62a5\u544a\u6f5c\u5728\u5de2\u7a74\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3. \u871c\u8702\u8df3\u6447\u6446\u821e\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u871c\u8702\u79bb\u5de2\u65f6\uff0c\u82b1\u6cbf\u7740\u592a\u9633\u53f3\u4fa740\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u6392\u5217\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5728\u8702\u5de2\u4e0a\u8dd1\u51fa\u6570\u5b578\u7684\u56fe\u6848\uff08\u53f3\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5979\u7a7f\u8fc7\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u6447\u6446\u5954\u8dd1\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u632f\u52a8\u5979\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u5954\u8dd1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6446\u52a8\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6709\u5173\uff08\u5e95\u90e8\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6447\u6446\u821e\u6307\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5de2\u7a74\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8702\u5de2\u5185\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aStephanie Freese<\/span><\/p>\n


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Lindauer \u8010\u5fc3\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u821e\u8005\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bb8\u591a\u5929\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u871c\u8702\u548c\u75af\u72c2\u5730\u505a\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u53ea\u65b0\u7684\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u65f6\uff0cLindauer \u90fd\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u5979\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u6240\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u5979\u753b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u53cd\u590d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5979\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u73b0\u4ee3\u5f55\u50cf\u8bbe\u5907\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728 Lindauer \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u871c\u8702\u7684\u4f4f\u5740\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8702\u7fa4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5934\u7b49\u5bb6\u56ed\u6709\u4f53\u79ef\u5927\u4e8e20\u5347\u7684\u7a7a\u8154\uff1b\u5165\u53e3\u5b54\u5c0f\u4e8e30\u5e73\u65b9\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u79bb\u5730\u9762\u51e0\u7c73\uff0c\u671d\u5357\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7a7a\u8154\u5e95\u90e8\u3002\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4fa6\u67e5\u8702<\/span>\uff08scout bees\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u5bb6\u65f6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4f\u623f\u504f\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u91cd\u590d Lindauer \u5bf9\u4fa6\u67e5\u8702\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f55\u50cf\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u753b\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7ea6\u67094000\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u7684\u5c0f\u8702\u7fa4\uff0c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u652f\u821e\u8e48\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u5979\u5bf9\u8702\u7fa4\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4. \u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u871c\u8702\u3002| \u7167\u7247\uff1aThomas D. Seeley<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u6bcf\u53ea\u4fa6\u67e5\u8702\u7684\u6bcf\u652f\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u5f55\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5de2\u7a74\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e Lindauer \u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fa6\u67e5\u8702\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u505a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1997\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u81f322\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u57283\u5929\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea616\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u4eec\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6240\u670911\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u5de2\u7a74\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u821e\u8e48\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u534a\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u70b9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u8dd1\u8005\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5171\u8bc6\u8fd8\u662f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9274\u4e8e\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8702\u7fa4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u8fd9\u4e00\u60ca\u4eba\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u201d<\/span>\uff08Sense of the Meeting\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5230\u6765\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u821e\u6765\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u201c\u6295\u7968\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6295\u7968\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u6295\u7968\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u7a33\u6b65\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bcf\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u4f55\u65f6\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5. \u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u6295\u7968\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6700\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aThomas D. Seeley<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cLindauer \u548c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u821e\u8005\u540c\u4f34\u6295\u7968\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0cLindauer \u548c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u5076\u5c14\u770b\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u821e\u8e48\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u821e\u8005\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u8d77\u98de\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u7ebf\u7d22\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7559\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8702\u7fa4\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570<\/span>\uff08sensing a quorum\uff09\uff08\u8db3\u591f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4fa6\u67e5\u8702\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u5171\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08sensing a consensus\uff09\uff08\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u611f\u77e5\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08quorum-sensing hypothesis\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u901a\u8fc7\u5f85\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u4e3a\u5b83\u201c\u6295\u7968\u201d\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u76d1\u63a7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u6570\u5b57<\/span>\uff08\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u52a8\u8702\u7fa4\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8702\u7fa4\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\u5c31\u8d77\u98de\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u821e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u800c\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9608\u503c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u6d45\u6ee9\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/span>\uff08Shoals Marine Laboratory of Cornell University\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u5728\u5730\u963f\u666e\u5c14\u591a\u5c14\u5c9b<\/span>\uff08Appledore Island\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c9b\u8fdc\u79bb\u7f05\u56e0\u5dde\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6811\u6728\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u6765\u8bf4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5929\u7136\u7684\u9002\u5408\u7b51\u5de2\u7684\u7a7a\u8154\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5de2\u7bb1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6. \u5b9e\u9a8c\u573a\u666f\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aThomas D. Seeley<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u7b51\u5de2\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8702\u7fa4\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5c9b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\u90fd\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5ca9\u8d28\u6d77\u5cb8\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\u8ddd\u79bb\u8702\u7fa4250\u7c73\uff0c\u4f46\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u8702\u7fa4\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8df3\u821e\u65f6\u5c31\u8d77\u98de\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8702\u7fa4\u5f00\u59cb\u98de\u5f80\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u821e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u5171\u8bc6\u611f\u77e5\u5047<\/strong>\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08consensus-sensing hypothesis\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u611f\u77e5\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\u91cc\u770b\u523015\u53ea\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u871c\u8702\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8702\u7fa4\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u98de\u884c\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5de2\u7a74\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u81f3\u5c1115\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u603b\u5171\u5927\u7ea6\u6709150\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u963f\u666e\u5c14\u591a\u5c14\u5c9b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u611f\u77e5\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8702\u7fa4\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b51\u5de2\u5730\u70b9\u5904\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8ba9\u5176\u4f59\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u63a8\u8fdf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u98de\u884c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u8fdf\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c06\u4e94\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de2\u7a74\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u73b0\u5de2\u7bb1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8702\u7fa4\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u8d77\u98de\u98de\u5f80\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u90fd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u4e00\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5730\u70b9\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5355\u5de2\u7bb1\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08\u5e73\u5747196\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e94\u5de2\u7bb1\u7ec4\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d77\u98de\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>\uff08\u5e73\u5747442\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u611f\u77e5\u5047\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe7. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aStephanie Freese<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u55c5\u89c9\u751a\u81f3\u89e6\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u79cd\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u8702\u7fa4\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u8702\u7fa4\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u98a4\u6296\u5c06\u98de\u884c\u808c\u8089\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u98de\u884c\u6240\u9700\u768433\u81f335\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u7ba1\u9053\uff08worker piping\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u722c\u884c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8702\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u5de6\u53f3\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u7684\u80f8\u90e8\u538b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5979\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u808c\u8089\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u632f\u52a8\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5979\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u542c\u5230\u7684\u632f\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u8d5b\u8f66\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u4fe1\u53f7\u6301\u7eed\u7ea60.8\u79d2\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u9891\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a200\u8d6b\u5179\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u662f\u6240\u9009\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d8\u6696\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u70ed\u8eab\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u8d77\u98de\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u6240\u9009\u5730\u70b9\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n

\u56fe8. \u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u611f\u77e5\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aThomas D. Seeley, Stephanie Freese<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u9009\u62e9\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5bb6<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u6765\u7a83\u542c\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0cLindauer \u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8702\u7fa4\u4ece\u4e00\u6279\u4e94\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b51\u5de2\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8702\u7fa4\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u7684<\/strong>\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u8702\u7fa4\u9009\u62e9\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u963f\u666e\u5c14\u591a\u5c14\u5c9b\u7684\u8702\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56db\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u4e2d\u7b49\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\u3002\u56db\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b50\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b15\u5347\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7a7a\u95f4\u5916\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8640\u5347\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u79ef\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u805a\u5c45\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u98df\u7269\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe9. \u871c\u8702\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8702\u5de2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aThomas D. Seeley<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8702\u7fa4\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5de2\u7bb1\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f18\u8d28\u5de2\u7bb1\u4ece\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5730\u70b9\u90fd\u5feb\uff0c\u5e76\u9996\u5148\u8fbe\u5230\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u9608\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f18\u8d28\u5730\u70b9\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5bf9\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\u589e\u5f3a\u6765\u6291\u5236\u5728\u8f83\u5dee\u5730\u70b9\u805a\u96c6<\/strong>\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\u9996\u5148\u8d85\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u8bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u98de\u5411\u65b0\u5bb6\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5bf9\u821e\u8e48\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u963f\u666e\u5c14\u591a\u5c14\u5c9b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u540c\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u8702\u7fa4\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de2\u7bb1\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4ece\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u56de\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8868\u6f14\u5305\u542b100\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3002\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4eec\u4e5f\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u822c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7b51\u5de2\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ee5\u9632\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u56de\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3002\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u70b9\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u65b0\u6765\u8005\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6700\u5feb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6765\u81ea\u5f88\u597d\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u62db\u52df\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7279\u5f81\u653e\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u98de\u5f80\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u591a\u6b21\u98de\u5f80\u8be5\u5730\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u201c\u5979\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u968f\u65f6\u4e86\u89e3\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u540c\u4f34\u6570\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u505a\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5979\u56de\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u8868\u6f14\u821e\u8e48\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u821e\u8e48\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u7ea615\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u62db\u52df\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6307\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f18\u8d28\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4e24\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u65f6\u5206\u522b\u8868\u6f1490\u4e2a\u548c30\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u62db\u52df\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u603b\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e03\u500d<\/span>\uff0890 + 75 + 60 + 45 + 30 + 15 + 0 = 315\u4e2a\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5bf9 30 + 15 + 0 = 45 \u4e2a\u56de\u8def\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u4f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u62db\u52df\u5230\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6765\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b51\u5de2\u5730\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6447\u6446\u821e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5dee\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe10. \u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u6bcf\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u821e\u8e48\u5f3a\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u7ea615\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u56de\u8def\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aStephanie Freese<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe11. \u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5de2\u7a74\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\uff1aStephanie Freese<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6089\u5c3c\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Sydney\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Mary R. Myerscough \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5de2\u7a74\u8868\u6f14\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u6570\u91cf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5979\u4f18\u7f8e\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u7b26\u5408 Lindauer \u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u8d77\u98de\u98de\u56de\u5bb6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u821e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u68ad\u7f57<\/span>\uff08Henry David Thoreau\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed61838\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u54c0\u53f9\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u65b9\u9762\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u5b83\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8d2c\u4f4e\u81ea\u5df1\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u201d\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5c3c\u91c7<\/span>\uff08Friedrich Nietzsche\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5584\u6076\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5374\u662f\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u7fa4\u4f53\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u624d\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u5de2\u5740\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Beekman, M., R. L. Fathke and T. D. Seeley. 2006. How does an informed minority of scouts guide a honey bee swarm as it flies to its new home? Animal Behaviour<\/em> 71:161-171.<\/span><\/section>\n
Black, D. 1986. The Theory of Committees and Elections.<\/em> Dordrecht: Kluwer.<\/span><\/section>\n
Camazine, S., P. K. Visscher, J. Finley and R. S. Vetter. 1999. House-hunting by honey bee swarms: collective decisions and individual behaviors. Insectes Sociaux<\/em> 46:348-360.<\/span><\/section>\n
Conradt, L., and T. J. Roper. 2005. Consensus decision making in animals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution<\/em> 20:449-456.<\/span><\/section>\n
Franks, N. R., S. C. Pratt, E. B. Mallon, N. F. Britton and D. J. T. Sumpter. 2002. Information flow, opinion polling and collective intelligence in house-hunting social insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B<\/em> 337:1567-1583.<\/span><\/section>\n
Lindauer, M. 1955. Schwarmbienen auf Wohnungssuche. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr vergleichende Physiologie<\/em> 37:263-324.<\/span><\/section>\n
Myerscough, M. R. 2003. Dancing for a decision: A matrix model for nest-site choice by honey bees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B<\/em> 270:577-582.<\/span><\/section>\n
Passino, K. M., and T. D. Seeley. 2006. Modeling and analysis of nest-site selection by honey bee swarms: The speed and accuracy trade-off. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 59:427-442.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D. 2003. Consensus building during nest-site selection in honey bee swarms: The expiration of dissent. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 53:417-424.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D., and S. C. Buhrman. 1999. Group decision making in swarms of honey bees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 45:19-31.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D., and S. C. Buhrman. 2001. Nest-site selection in honey bees: How well do swarms implement the “best-of-N” decision rule? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 49:416-427.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D., and J. Tautz. 2001. Worker piping in honey bee swarms and its role in preparing for liftoff. Journal of Comparative Physiology A<\/em> 187:667-676.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D., and P. K. Visscher. 2003. Choosing a home: How the scouts in a honey bee swarm perceive the completion of their group decision making. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 54:511-520.<\/span><\/section>\n
Seeley, T. D., and P. K. Visscher. 2004. Quorum sensing during nest-site selection by honey bee swarms. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology<\/em> 56:594-601.<\/span><\/section>\n
Surowiecki, J. 2004. The Wisdom of Crowds.<\/em> New York: Doubleday.<\/span><\/section>\n


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