{"id":40598,"date":"2023-02-11T15:30:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-11T07:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40598"},"modified":"2023-02-11T15:30:51","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T07:30:51","slug":"%e5%a4%96%e6%98%9f%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e6%88%96%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%91%86%e5%9c%a8%e9%9d%a2%e5%89%8d%ef%bc%8c%e4%bd%a0%e8%83%bd%e8%ae%a4%e5%87%ba%e6%9d%a5%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40598","title":{"rendered":"\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u6446\u5728\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u5417\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u601d\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728abcde\u4e94\u9897\u884c\u661f\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6392\u5e03\u7740\u7684\u77f3\u5934\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u6216\u8005\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1f\u4f60\u6709\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u91ce\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u8003\u662f\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u95ea\u70c1\u6210\u6469\u65af\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u80fd\u65ad\u5b9a\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u4e3a\uff1b\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u4f3c\u968f\u673a\u5730\u95ea\u70c1\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8bfb\u5b8c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u201c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u68af\u5f84\uff08ladderpath\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u6839\u8f74<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u68af\u5f84<\/span>\uff08ladderpath\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u201c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u603b\u662f\u4fee\u4fee\u8865\u8865\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d1\u660e\uff1b\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u660e\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b Fran\u00e7ois Jacob \u57281977\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Science \u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u300aEvolution and Tinkering\u300b<\/span>\uff08tinker\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8865\u9505\u5320\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e86\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u95ee\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5927\u91cf\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff1f\u6211\u4f1a\u8bf4\u662f\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08\u4f60\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5427\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u95ee\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u8c01\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff1f\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08\u4f60\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5427\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6676\u4f53\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6709\u5e8f\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u8d8a\u65e0\u5e8f\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u548c\u6df7\u4e71\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u592a\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u592a\u7384\u5b66\u4e86<\/strong>\uff1a\u201c\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\u591a\u5c11\u7b97\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1f\u201c\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1f…<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u63d0\u51fa2\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u201d\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u590d\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u523b\u753b\u7684\u662f\u590d\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u96be\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5728\u590d\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5373tinkering\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u201d\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u53bb\u5176\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/strong>\u5b83\u523b\u753b\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e3a\u8f74\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1b\u800c\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u548c\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u540c\u65f6\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/strong>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u5c06\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u00d7\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u00f7\u89c4\u6a21\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u671f\u671b\u63ed\u793a\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u6cbf\u774045\u5ea6\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5f80\u4e0a\u6f14\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u5b9a\u91cf\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u987a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u836f\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a\u7b80\u7565\u7248\u300a\u641c\u7d22\u5316\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba<\/a>\u300b\uff1b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7248\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/a>\u300b<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u201c\u68af\u5f84<\/span> (ladderpath) <\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/24\/8\/1082 <\/span>\uff08\u82f1\u6587\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/zh.wuyichen.org\/chinese-version-ladderpath <\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u8bdd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8df3\u8fc7\uff1a<\/span>
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1. \u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u523b\u753b\u7684\u662f\u590d\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e8f\u5217ABCDABCABCBC\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u590d\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u76847\u7a0b<\/span> (lifts)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u6b65\u6570\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u662f\uff1a\u590d\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u91cf\u662f\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u523b\u753b\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u4e00\u5171\u7531\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u537312\uff09<\/span>\u51cf\u53bb\u5176\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5ea6\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53ABCDABCABCBC\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u4e3a12-7=5\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u68af\u5f84\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8868\u793a\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u4f53ABCDABCABCBC\u753112\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u9700\u89817\u6b65\uff08\u201c\u7a0b (lift)\u201d\u662f\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u91cf\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u6784\u9020\u6b65\u6570\uff09\u3002\u8282\u7701\u7684\u6b65\u6570\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7b2c2\u6b65\u4e2d\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684ABC\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c3\/4\/5\u6b65\u4e2d\u7528\u4e863\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u5171\u662f\u91cd\u7528\u4e862\u6b21\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c1\u6b65\u4e2d\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684BC\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c2\/6\u6b65\u4e2d\u7528\u4e862\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u5171\u662f\u91cd\u7528\u4e861\u6b21\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u56fea\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u4ef7\u5730\u8868\u793a\u6210\u504f\u5e8f\u591a\u91cd\u96c6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\uff08c\uff09\u56fea\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u4ef7\u5730\u8868\u793a\u6210\u201c\u68af\u56fe (laddergraph)\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u504f\u5e8f\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6682\u5c06 \u201c\u68af\u5f84\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6\u00d7\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u00f7\u89c4\u6a21\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u627e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u68af\u5f84\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u3001\u67ef\u6c0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001Lempel-Ziv\u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6df7\u4e71\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5904\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u666e\u9002\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\u3001Graph<\/span>\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u590d\u6742\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u79ef\u7d2f\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1. \u80fd\u591f\u201c\u6210\u6838\u201d\uff1a\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u80fd\u591f\u201c\u590d\u5236\u201d\uff1a\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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* \u611f\u8c22\u4e0e\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u3001\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e\u535a\u58eb\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5f15\u6587\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1. Liu, Y. et al. Ladderpath Approach: How Tinkering and Reuse Increase Complexity and Information. Entropy, 2022, 24(8), 1082.<\/span><\/section>\n
2. https:\/\/zh.wuyichen.org\/chinese-version-ladderpath \u5f15\u65871\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/span><\/section>\n
3. Liu, Y. et al. Exploring and mapping chemical space with molecular assembly trees. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabj2465.<\/span><\/section>\n
4. Sol\u00e9, R.; Valverde, S. Evolving complexity: How tinkering shapes cells, software and ecological networks. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Biol. Sci. 2020, 375, 20190325.<\/span><\/section>\n
5. Jacob, F. Evolution and tinkering. Science 1977, 196, 1161\u20131166.<\/span><\/section>\n


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