{"id":40870,"date":"2023-02-21T22:25:36","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T14:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40870"},"modified":"2023-02-21T22:25:36","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T14:25:36","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e4%b8%aa%e4%bd%93%e5%88%b0%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%9c%9c%e8%9c%82%e7%9a%84%e9%9b%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=40870","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u871c\u8702\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Matthew J. Hasenjager, Victoria R. Franks & Ellouise Leadbeater<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u5fd7\u822a<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u871c\u8702\u7684\u6447\u6446\u821e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Haldane 1955\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u7834\u8bd1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8d62\u5f97\u4e861973\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u4e60\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6447\u6446\u821e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u719f\u6089\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u871c\u8702\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u8d77\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u871c\u8702\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6d41\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u98a4\u6296\u821e\uff1aSeeley 1992\uff1b\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1aNieh 1993\uff1b\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1aSchneider and Lewis 2004\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u82b1\u6735\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22<\/span>\uff08Farina et al. 2005; 2012\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1995\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u96c6\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5411\u4f55\u5904\u6d3e\u9063\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1995\uff1bAnderson and Ratnieks 1999\uff1bCouvillon 2012\uff1bKietzman and Visscher 2015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8bd5\u56fe\u7814\u7a76\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u76f4\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7ea620,000\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u7ebf\u7d22\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer and Seeley 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7531\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u632f\u52a8\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff1a\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3001\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u871c\u8702\u884c\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u8702\u7fa4\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6447\u6446\u821e<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u871c\u8702\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Dyer 2002; Gr\u00fcter and Farina 2009; Couvillon 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ea4\u66ff\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u5728\u6447\u6446\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\u6cbf\u76f4\u7ebf\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5267\u70c8\u5730\u6765\u56de\u6643\u52a8\u5176\u8179\u90e8\uff1b\u8fd4\u56de\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed5\u5708\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u81f4\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u6447\u6446\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u8702\u5de2\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u871c\u8702\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u6447\u6446\u821e\u662f\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6447\u6446\u52a8\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u4ea4\u66ff\uff09\uff1b\uff08b\uff09\u5728\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u4e2d\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8702\u5de2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u632f\u52a8\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u524d\u540e\u632f\u52a8\uff1b\uff08c\uff09\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u5934\u76f8\u4e92\u649e\u51fb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u8109\u51b2\uff1b\uff08d\uff09\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u8702\u6293\u4f4f\u5176\u4ed6\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u80cc\u4e2d\u592e\u6447\u6446\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005<\/span>\uff08Gould 1975; Riley et al. 2005\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u4e00\u5ea6\u9887\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u6e29\u7eb3<\/span> (Adrian Wenner) <\/span>\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u627f\u8ba4\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u62db\u547c\u871c\u8702\u5230\u8fbe\u98df\u7269\u6e90\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u871c\u8702\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8702\u5de2\u5185\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6216\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u98df\u7269\u70b9\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u76f8\u5339\u914d<\/span>\uff08Johnson 1967; Wenner et al. 1969; Wenner and Wells 1990; Munz 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u88ab James Gould \u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cGould \u64cd\u7eb5\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u6307\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u5230\u8fbe\u6240\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u871c\u8702\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u821e\u8e48\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b0\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u5730\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Gould 1975\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cGould \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u201d<\/span>\uff08Gould 1975\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6e90<\/span>\uff08Gr\u00fcter and Farina 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002Biesmeijer and Seeley<\/span>\uff082005\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u8ddf\u8e2a\u89c5\u98df\u871c\u8702\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 12-25% \u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u4e92\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4f59 75-88% \u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u4e92\u52a8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer and Seeley 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u671f\u540e<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u591c\u5e55\u964d\u4e34\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8ddf\u821e\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u91c7\u96c6\u98df\u7269<\/span>\uff08Johnson 1967; Gil and Farina 2002; Gr\u00fcter et al. 2008; Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span> \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7c97\u7565\u7684<\/span>\uff08Gil and Farina 2002; Biesmeijer and Seeley 2005; Gr\u00fcter et al. 2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08Wray et al. 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u7ecf\u5e38\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5730\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Johnson 1967\uff1bGr\u00fcter et al. 2008\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u821e\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f<\/span>\uff08Gr\u00fcter and Ratnieks 2011\uff1bGr\u00fcter et al. 2013\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2022\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b0\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u533a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u66ff\u4ee3\u533a\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u624b\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u6216\u5f53\u4ee5\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u65f6<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer and Seeley 2005; Gr\u00fcter and Ratnieks 2011; Gr\u00fcter et al. 2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2.2 \u98a4\u6296\u821e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6447\u6446\u821e\uff0c\u662f\u871c\u8702\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u884c\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u65f6\uff0c\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\u8fc5\u901f\u6cbf\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u6447\u52a8\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8702\u5de2\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u5411<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1992; \u56fe 1b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u88ab\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u4e0e\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e00\u8d77\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u50cf\u6447\u6446\u821e\u90a3\u6837\u7f16\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u4ea4\u6d41\u89c5\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u8702\u7fa4\u91c7\u871c\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Seeley<\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e3a\u82b1\u871c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6fc0\u53d1\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u8702\u5de2\u7684\u4e24\u7fa4\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u871c\u8702\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5582\u98df\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u589e\u52a0\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5582\u98df\u5668\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8702\u5de2\u5916\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u871c\u8702\u5f00\u59cb\u98a4\u6296\u8d77\u821e\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u8702\u5de2\u5185\u90e8\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u871c\u8702\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u5378\u8f7d\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u871c\u8702\u961f\u5217\u786e\u5b9e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cKirchner \u548c Lindauer<\/span>\uff081994\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u5728\u98df\u7269\u6e90\u5904\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u9047\u5230\u62e5\u6324\u7684\u5582\u98df\u5668\u6216\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u54b8\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5378\u8f7d\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u82b1\u871c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u6216\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5473\u9053\u5947\u602a\u7684\u82b1\u871c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5378\u8f7d\u82b1\u871c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u98a4\u6296\u821e\uff0cSeeley \u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\uff081996\uff09<\/span>\u540e\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u6d41\u5165\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5bfc\u81f4\u8702\u5de2\u5de5\u8702\u88ab\u62db\u547c\u4e3a\u82b1\u871c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e94\u8be5\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u5e94\u8be5\u968f\u4e4b\u505c\u6b62<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1995\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u5f88\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8702\u5de2\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u82b1\u871c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u8fbe\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u8702\u5de2\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer 2003b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u5386\u4efb\u4f55\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8bb8\u591a<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff09<\/span>\u821e\u8e48\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c5\u98df\u65c5\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002Thom<\/span>\uff082003\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5378\u8f7d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u6e90\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf1\u53d1\u98a4\u6296\u821e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65ad\u8a00\u4ea7\u751f\u6000\u7591<\/span>\uff08Kirchner and Lindauer 1994\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u201c\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u62e5\u6324\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u871c\u8702<\/span>\uff08Lindauer 1948\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u89c5\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5bf9\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u62db\u547c<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1992\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u98a4\u6296\u821e\uff0c\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u8c03\u8282\u871c\u8702\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7\u2014\u2014\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2.3 \u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u53d1\u51fa\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u7a81\u7136\u7528\u5934\u649e\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u632f\u52a8\u5176\u80f8\u90e8\u808c\u8089\u53d1\u51fa\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u9ad8\u8c03\u55e1\u55e1\u58f0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u6210\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6ce2\u5f62\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u9891\u7387\u4e3a350-450\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u7ea6150\u6beb\u79d2<\/span>\uff08Kirchner 1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a5\u6536\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u77ed\u6682\u5730\u201c\u51bb\u7ed3\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u632f\u52a8\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u7ba1\u9053\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u4e5e\u8ba8\u53eb\u58f0\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/span>\uff08Pastor and Seeley 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6700\u8fd1\u8ddf\u968f\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08Pastor and Seeley 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9488\u5bf9\u6447\u6446\u821e\u8005<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993; Pastor and Seeley 2005\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea7\u751f\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u871c\u8702\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u871c\u8702\u3001\u98df\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u8005\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u871c\u8702<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u98df\u7269\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e5e\u8ba8\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Esch 1964; von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u89c5\u98df\u871c\u8702\u7684\u6d3e\u9063<\/span>\uff08Pastor and Seeley 2005; Kietzman and Visscher 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u871c\u8702\u5f88\u5c11\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8702\u7fa4\u4f19\u4f34\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u98df\u7269<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f53\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u9488\u5bf9\u6447\u6446\u821e\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u8df3\u821e\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00<\/span>\uff08Kirchner 1993; Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0e\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\u9891\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5408\u6210\u58f0\u97f3\u89e6\u53d1<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u871c\u8702\u7269\u79cd<\/span>\uff08A. cerana\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b88\u536b\u871c\u8702\u5728\u5de2\u7a74\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u5de5\u8702\u7684\u79bb\u5f00<\/span>\uff08Tan et al. 2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u7684\u871c\u8702\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u51fa\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u5239\u8f66\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u7531\u6447\u6446\u821e\u62db\u547c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f7f\u8702\u7fa4\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u62db\u547c\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u82b1\u871c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u5728\u98df\u7269\u7ade\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u9047\u5230\u540c\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u6355\u98df\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u62a5\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0<\/span>\uff08Nieh 2010\uff1bJack-McCollough and Nieh 2015\uff1bTan et al. 2016\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5371\u9669\u66f4\u5927\u65f6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684<\/span>\uff08Tan et al. 2016\uff1bDong et al. 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u62a2\u593a\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8702\u7fa4\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u505c\u6b62\u62a2\u593a\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u62db\u547c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u9650\u5236\u653b\u51fb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6210\u672c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08Johnson and Nieh 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62db\u547c\u82b1\u871c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f15\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6355\u98df\/\u7ade\u4e89\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u8005\u3001\u82b1\u871c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u89c5\u98df\u871c\u8702\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u51fa\u8005\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u5728\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u968f\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u884c\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2.4 \u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u8282\u6027\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5174\u594b\u6027\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998\uff1bSchneider and Lewis 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u7531\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u51fa\u8005\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u80f8\u548c\u4e2d\u80f8\u817f\u6293\u4f4f\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u5927\u7ea616\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u9891\u7387\u7ee7\u7eed\u632f\u52a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u80cc\u4e2d\u592e1-2\u79d2<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u8702\u7fa4\u3001\u8702\u540e\u9972\u517b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Schneider and Lewis 2004; Koenig et al.2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u79fb\u52a8\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7ec6\u80de\u6d3b\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3001\u89c6\u7ebf\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u6447\u6446\u821e\u52a8\u548c\u68b3\u7406\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998\uff1bCao et al. 2007\uff1bKoenig et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u6548\u679c\u5728\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e15-30\u5206\u949f\u624d\u660e\u663e<\/span>\uff08Schneider and Lewis 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u6761\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u7531\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u540e<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998; Biesmeijer 2003a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u89c5\u98df\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8702\u5de2\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u871c\u8702\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3<\/span>\uff08Seeley et al. 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u89c5\u98df\u6210\u529f\u7684\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u89c5\u98df\u524d\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer 2003a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u663c\u591c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u5728\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e4b\u524d<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998; Biesmeijer 2003a; Ramsey et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u871c\u8702\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u532e\u4e4f\u540e\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5f80\u5f80\u7279\u522b\u660e\u663e<\/span>\uff08Seeley et al. 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u548c\/\u6216\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u871c\u8702<\/span>\uff08Lewis et al. 2002\uff1bNieh 1998\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u529f\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u871c\u8702\u548c\u8702\u7fa4\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span>\uff08Biesmeijer 2003a\uff1bCao et al. 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5c06\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u8702\u7fa4\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u98df\u7269\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u95f4\u63a5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u89c5\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6e05\u6668\u5f00\u59cb\u89c5\u98df\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0b\u5348\u7684\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5cf0<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0b\u5348\u7684\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u7fa4\u843d\u89c5\u98df\u548c\u98df\u7269\u52a0\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u4ecb\u5bfc\uff1bNieh 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u7fa4\u843d\u89c5\u98df\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u51fa\u8005\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u63d0\u4f9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6709\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff1bFarina et al. 2005\uff1bThom et al. 2007\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2a\u4f53\u871c\u8702\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u627e\u5230\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u62db\u547c\u82b1\u871c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u89c5\u98df\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u8702\u7fa4\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u603b\u548c<\/span>\uff08Sumpter 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u8702\u7fa4\u5728\u82b1\u871c\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u53bb\u5355\u72ec\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c5\u98df\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u627e\u5230\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u9608\u503c\u7531\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u98df\u7269\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1bvon Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u8702\u5de2\u65f6\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u89c5\u98df\u4e4b\u65c5\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65c5\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u6548\u7387\u6765\u81ea\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u56de\u62a5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09<\/span>\u6bd4\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u5f15\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u821e\u8e48<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1994\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98df\u7269\u6e90\u7684\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u62db\u547c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u66f4\u597d<\/span>\uff08Seeley and Towne 1992\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8702\u7fa4\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5206\u914d\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u66f4\u8fd1\u548c\u66f4\u751c\u7684\u871c\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8702\u7fa4\u9009\u62e9\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u6447\u6446\u821e\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5de2\u7a74\u8df3\u821e<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u8868\u6f14\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u89c5\u98df\u4e00\u6837\uff1bSeeley and Visscher 2008\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5ba3\u4f20\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u821e\u8005\u53d1\u51fa\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Seeley et al. 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8fc5\u901f\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u52a3\u8d28\u573a\u5730\u7684\u62db\u547c\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u573a\u5730\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u50f5\u5c40\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6447\u6446\u821e\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u821e\u8005\u7684\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u6027\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u751f\u6001\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager and Dugatkin 2015\uff1bKrause et al. 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5de5\u8702\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7531\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u3002\u5c31\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8682\u8681\u7684\u51fa\u884c\uff1aRichardson et al. 2018\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u89e6\u89d2\u63a5\u89e6<\/span>\uff08Gordon 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u534f\u540c\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u6539\u53d8\u8fdb\u884c\u95f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1bRichardson and Gorochowski 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Waters and Fewell 2012\uff1bPinter-Wollman et al. 2014\uff1bFarine and Whitehead 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8<\/span>\uff08Farine 2018\uff1bFinn et al. 2019\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08Buenisch et al. 2018\uff1bGernat et al. 2018\uff1bWild et al. 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4ea4\u54fa\uff1aGernat et al. 2018\uff1bWild et al. 2021\uff1b\u6447\u6446\u821e\uff1aWario et al. 2017\uff1bOkubo et al. 2019\uff1b\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1aRamsey et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Heinrich 1981\uff1bDeneubourg et al. 1990\uff1bSeeley and Buhrman 1999\uff1bMallon et al. 2001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u95ee\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u871c\u8702\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ea7\u751f\u8702\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u8282\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u7269\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u9650<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5bf9\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u548c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\uff1bBiesmeijer 2003b\uff1bSchneider and Lewis 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u6551\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u540c\u3001\u53e0\u52a0\u6216\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08De Domenico et al. 2016\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2021a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\u6765\u6355\u6349\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff1bFarine and Whitehead 2015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u8fdb<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\uff09<\/span>\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6216\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u7684<\/span>\uff08Otterstatter and Thomson 2007\uff1bPinter-Wollman et al. 2011\uff1bMersch et al. 2013\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2020\uff1bEaster et al. 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u9010\u4e00\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3a\u871c\u8702\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7f51\u7edc\u9014\u5f84<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\uff081\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u7684\u503e\u5411\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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Farine and Whitehead 2015<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u591a\u5ea6\uff08Multidegree\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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Bianconi 2013<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u65f6\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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Blonder et al. 2012<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u590d\u7528\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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Bonnell et al. 2021; Vijayaraghavan et al. 2015<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\uff085\uff09\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5728\u8c03\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u529f\u6548\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Blonder et al. 2012; Greening et al. 2015<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\uff086\uff09\u54ea\u79cd\u6c9f\u901a\u9014\u5f84\u6216\u9014\u5f84\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4efb\u52a1\u7ee9\u6548\uff09\u6700\u76f8\u5173\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u4ed3\u5ba4\u6a21\u578b\uff1b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6269\u6563\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u52a0\u6743\u5f15\u529b\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Barrett et al. 2017; De Domenico et al. 2016; Hasenjager et al. 2021a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\uff087\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5168\u5c40\u91cd\u53e0<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Bianconi 2013<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
3.1 \u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u63a8\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8c01\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8c01\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u4e92\u52a8\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u8702\u5de2\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u871c\u8702\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e92\u52a8\u524d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u8702\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/span>\uff08Free 1965\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5de5\u8702\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001\u80b2\u96cf\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0cWild \u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\uff082021\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u871c\u8702\u7fa425\u5929\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e92\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u884c\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6807\u8bb0\u8702\u7fa4\u7684 1% \u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u5728 5% \u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u6574\u4e2a\u8702\u7fa4\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002Wild \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u975e\u89c5\u98df\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765<\/span>\uff08Schneider and Lewis 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cWild \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u540c\u548c\u5bf9\u6297\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5316\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6269\u6563\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08NBDA\uff1bFranz and Nunn 2009\uff1bHoppitt et al. 2010\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002NBDA \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u80fd\u591f\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u8be5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u66f4\u591a\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7ebf\u8def\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8ddf\u968f\u821e\u8e48\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\uff09<\/span>\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8ddf\u968f\u8f83\u5c11\u7ebf\u8def\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u66f4\u65e9\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8d8a\u662f\u7d27\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u821e\u8e48\u8ddf\u968f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5728 NBDA \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\uff08\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e9\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u871c\u8702\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e5f\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u871c\u8702\u8d70\u5411\u98df\u7269\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/span>\uff08Gould 1975\uff1bJohnson 1967\uff1bRiley et al. 2005\uff1bGr\u00fcter et al. 2008\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u91c7\u7528 NBDA \u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u5de5\u8702\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u5730\u70b9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u57fa\u4e8e\u821e\u8e48\u548c\u55c5\u89c9\u4ea4\u6d41\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u7684\u5de2\u5185\u4e92\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f55\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5582\u98df\u5668\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5582\u98df\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u8702\u5de2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u4ece\u89c6\u9891\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u6355\u6349\u6447\u6446\u821e\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u55c5\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4ea4\u54fa\u548c\u89e6\u89d2\u611f\u89e6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca 97% \u7684\u65b0\u5582\u98df\u8005\u7684\u62db\u547c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u821e\u8e48\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5582\u98df\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\uff0c\u55c5\u89c9\u7ebf\u7d22\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5582\u98df\u8005\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0e\u821e\u8e48\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e92\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4f8b\u5982\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u540e\u679c\u65f6\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Blonder et al. 2012\uff1bFarine 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06 NBDA \u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08Hasenjager et al. 2020\uff1b2021a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u65f6\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u805a\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span>\uff08Blonder et al. 2012\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2021a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u805a\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u871c\u8702\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5728\u591a\u65e5\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u821e\u8e48\u2014\u2014\u8ddf\u968f\uff09<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u5360\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u8c03\u67e5\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u529f\u6548\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u66f4\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3<\/span>\uff08Finn et al. 2019\uff1bFisher et al. Pinter-Wollman\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u6355\u6349\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.2 \u4e86\u89e3\u4e92\u52a8\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u4fe1\u53f7\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cThom \u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\uff082003\uff09<\/span>\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8d77\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5bf9\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9608\u503c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8ddf\u968f\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u8fc7\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1998\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\u53c8\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u4ea7\u751f\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u534f\u540c\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u6216\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u53d8\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5386\u53f2<\/span>\uff08Wild et al. 2021\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e9e\u5927\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4ea4\u54fa\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u90bb\u8fd1\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u591a\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5c42\uff1bSilk et al. 2018\uff1bFinn et al. 2019\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2021a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u6355\u6349\u4e0d\u540c\u4e92\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6447\u6446\u821e\u3001\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u8fde<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6846\u67b6\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u5355\u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\uff1a\u871c\u8702\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u62db\u547c\u65bd\u52a0\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5355\u72ec\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u5176\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c42\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u6447\u6446\u821e\u5c42\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff1bDe Domenico et al. 2015\uff09<\/span>\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u5176\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5176\u6447\u6446\u821e\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\uff1f\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8026\u5408\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u8026\u5408\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5f02<\/span>\uff08Bianconi 2013\uff1b\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u4e0e\u51cf\u7f13\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u7684\u62db\u547c\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1992\uff1bNieh 1993\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Nieh 1993\uff1bSeeley et al. 1996\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u6355\u6349\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5c42\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u6790\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u98a4\u6296\u821e\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u968f\u540e\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\u5c42\u5185\u548c\u5c42\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6447\u6446\u821e\u2014\u2014\u8ddf\u968f\uff09\uff08Bonnell et al. 2021\uff1b\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.3 \u871c\u8702\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u914d\u5bf9\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f97\u5230\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u7684\u91c7\u871c\u7387\u4e0e\u8702\u7fa4\u5904\u7406\u4f20\u5165\u82b1\u871c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5339\u914d<\/span>\uff08Seeley et al. 1996\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5de5\u8702\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316<\/span>\uff08Gordon 2010; Naug 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u871c\u8702\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u4e92\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5b50\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u89c5\u98df\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\u9488\u5bf9\u89c5\u98df\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9694\u79bb\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u871c\u8702\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u592a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u9014\u5f84\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Naug 2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u871c\u8702\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u7387\u548c\u8702\u7fa4\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>\uff08Jandt et al. 2014\uff1bO’Shea-Wheller et al. 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765<\/span>\uff08Farine and Whitehead 2015\uff1b\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u65e2\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4e00\u4e2a\u871c\u8702\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6307\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u6a21\u62df\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8702\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08Gordon 2010\uff1bGernat et al. 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u67a2\u7ebd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u52a0\u901f\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Pinter-Wollman et al. 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u67a2\u7ebd\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u98a4\u6296\u821e\u548c\u6447\u6643\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5bf9\u6297\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6447\u6446\u821e\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u88681\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u968f\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u7eb5\u5de5\u8702\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\/\u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u4e0e\u4f4e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8005\uff0cCrall et al. 2018\uff1b\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0cKoenig et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fe1\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c42\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u871c\u8702\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6709\u591a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bc6\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u8de8\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u6a21\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Milo et al. 2004\uff1bEaster et al. 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u4f53\u662f\u524d\u9988\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u5982A\u548cC\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u5b9a\u5411\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7531\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\uff08\u5373A\u5230C\u548cA\u5230B\u5230C\u7684\u5206\u522b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u524d\u9988\u73af\u8def\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Mangan and Alon 2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6536\u5272\u8681 Pogonomyrmex californicus \u7684\u89e6\u89d2\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u9ec4\u8702 Ropalidia marginata \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u8702\u7fa4\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Waters and Fewell 2012\uff1bNandi et al. 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u871c\u8702\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u524d\u9988\u73af\u8def\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u96c6\u4f53\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4ef7\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u9898<\/span>\uff08I’Anson Price et al. 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u6447\u6446\u821e\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5173\u952e\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u8702\u7fa4\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4f7f\u821e\u8e48\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u53d8\u5f97\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u98df\u7269\u91c7\u96c6\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Sherman and Visscher 2002\uff1bDornhaus and Chittka 2004\uff1bDonaldson-Matasci et al. 2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u666e\u904d\u5982\u6b64<\/span>\uff08Donaldson-Matasci and Dornhaus 2012\uff1bN\u00fcrnberger et al. 2017\uff1bI’Anson Price et al. 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u662f\u8d39\u529b\u7684<\/span>\uff08N\u00fcrnberger et al. 2017\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u821e\u8e48\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u821e\u8e48\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0cHasenjager \u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\uff082020\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528 NBDA \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u871c\u8702\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u4f1a\u9a71\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\uff1b\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u4f8b\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6c14\u5473\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21<\/span>\uff08\u6a21\u4eff\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u821e\u8e48\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u7269\u79cd\u5185<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u5f00\u82b1\u6811\u6728\u4e4b\u95f4\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u821e\u8e48\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u871c\u8702\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u871c\u8702\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Wario et al. 2017\uff1bGernat et al. 2018\uff1bWild et al. 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6355\u83b7<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1998\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u89c5\u98df\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Thom et al. 2007\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8702\u738b\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08Michelsen et al. 1986\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u98de\u884c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u9759\u7535\u8377<\/span>\uff08Greggers et al. 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6574\u5408\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u871c\u8702\u96c6\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u89c6\u89c9\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u5b98\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u632f\u52a8\uff1aRamsey et al. 2018\uff1b\u9759\u7535\uff1aPaffhausen et al. 2021\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u534f\u540c\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Richardson and Gorochowski\uff0c2015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08Greening et al. 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6765<\/span>\uff08von Frisch 1967\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u871c\u8702\u4fe1\u53f7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5efa\u6a21\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5982\u4f55\u6269\u5927\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762<\/span>\uff08Seeley 1995\uff1bNieh 2010\uff1bCouvillon 2012\uff1bKietzman and Visscher 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8702\u7fa4\u7ea7\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5065<\/span>\uff08Hebets et al. 2016\uff1bHasenjager et al. 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u9988\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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