{"id":41534,"date":"2023-04-01T17:53:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-01T09:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41534"},"modified":"2023-04-01T17:53:17","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T09:53:17","slug":"%e5%af%bb%e6%89%be%e5%8e%9f%e5%a7%8b%e6%a0%b8%e7%b3%96%e4%bd%93%ef%bc%8c%e9%87%8d%e7%8e%b040%e4%ba%bf%e5%b9%b4%e5%89%8d%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e6%9c%80%e5%88%9d%e8%af%9e%e7%94%9f%e7%9a%84%e6%97%b6%e5%88%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41534","title":{"rendered":"\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\uff0c\u91cd\u73b040\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u523b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662fDNA\u3001RNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u8df3\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u534e\u5c14\u5179\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u573a\u534e\u5c14\u5179\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u3002DNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c01\u66f4\u5148\u8bde\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u2014\u2014\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u521b\u4e16\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76d8\u53e4\u5f00\u5929\u5730\u8bf4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5927\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63ed\u793a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e00\u5343\u53e4\u4e4b\u8c1c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e1d\u66d9\u5149\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5230\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4ed6\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u6784\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u6784\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5305\u62ecDNA\u3001RNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u6838\u9178\u201d\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5185\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6838\u9178\uff1aDNA<\/span>\uff08\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u548cRNA<\/span>\uff08\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u3002DNA\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u7801\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u7531DNA\u8f6c\u5f55\u751f\u6210RNA\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7RNA\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6700\u7ec8\u6267\u884c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5206\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u534f\u52a9DNA\u5230RNA\u548cRNA\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u201d[1]\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c40\u4ebf\u5e74\u6765\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u8df3\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u534e\u5c14\u5179\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u573a\u534e\u5c14\u5179\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u751f\u5316\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u59cb\u4e8eDNA\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u521d\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728DNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u662f\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u96be\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8d77\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662fDNA\uff0c\u7531DNA\u5411\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0cDNA\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0cDNA\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u751f\u547d\u572840\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u4e2d\u5ef6\u7ef5\u4e0d\u7edd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5355\u9760DNA\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9176\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9176\u7edf\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0cDNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7248\u672c\u7684\u201c\u5148\u6709\u9e21\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6709\u86cb\u201d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u300a<\/span>\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u8c1c\uff1a\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u6210\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u6574\u5957\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6613\u4e14\u80fd\u884c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Thomas Cech\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u201cRNA\u526a\u63a5\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0RNA\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u80fd\u81ea\u6211\u50ac\u5316\u526a\u63a5[2]\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86RNA\u5206\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Sidney Altman\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u9176P\u7684RNA\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5168\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027[3]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u9176\u90fd\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u4e861989\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u5411\u5927\u5bb6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86RNA\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u9876\u66ffDNA\u7f16\u7801\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cRNA\u53ef\u80a9\u8d1f\u50a8\u5b58\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e24\u5927\u91cd\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740RNA\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f00DNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u72ec\u9738\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u8ba9\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3bWalter Gilbert\u5728Nature\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8c03\u63d0\u51fa\u201cRNA\u4e16\u754c\u201d<\/span>\uff08The RNA World\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u70b9[4]\u3002\u201cRNA\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5b66\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5RNA\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u7684DNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684RNA\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5982\u4ecaDNA\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u8005\u751f\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u6240\u9700\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cRNA\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u5417\uff1f\u975e\u4e5f\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5355\u51edRNA\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d,\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u4eceDNA\u8f6c\u5f55\u5230mRNA<\/span>\uff08\u4fe1\u4f7f\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u636emRNA\u4e2d\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6216\u591a\u80bd<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u8ff7\u4f60\u86cb\u767d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u86cb\u767d\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f53RNA\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d<\/span>\uff08protoribosome\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u751a\u81f3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5143\u751f\u547d\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u5143\u751f\u547d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5047\u8bf4\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5143\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u9020\u5143\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\u30022022\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684Yonath\u56e2\u961f\u4e8eNucleic Acids Research<\/em>\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u73b0\u4e86\u5b83\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b[6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2000\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c31\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d62\u5f97\u4e862009\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ecAda Yonath\u30022000\u5e74Yonath\u56e2\u961f\u9274\u5b9a\u51fa\u4e86\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548cRNA\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6392\u5217\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e9a\u57fa[5]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d20\u6750\u6765\u81ea\u6781\u7aef\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u4e9a\u57fa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53RNA\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u80bd\u57fa\u8f6c\u79fb\u9176\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08peptidyl transferase center\uff0cPTC\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728mRNA\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5c06\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728PTC\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u4e24\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u662fPTC\u4e3a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u7684PTC\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u56e0\u7269\u79cd\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2aPTC\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002Ada Yonath \u548c\u5979\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u731c\u6d4bPTC\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534a\u5bf9\u79f0\u533a\u57df\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u76843D\u7ed3\u6784[6]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9PTC\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5f62\u72b6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684RNA\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u6f0f\u6597\u72b6\u53e3\u888b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684tRNA<\/span>\uff08\u8f6c\u8fd0\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u5e26\u7740\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4f38\u8fdb\u6f0f\u6597\uff0c\u5728\u6f0f\u6597\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f53\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u9760\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u80bd\u952e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684L\u5f62RNA\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u753160\u548c61\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u731c\u6d4b\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531RNA\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u5c0f\u80bd\u6bb5[6]\u3002\u4f46\u5728Yonath\u548c\u5979\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u80fd\u50cf\u5927\u5bb6\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\uff0cYonath\u548c\u5979\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e0a\u5265\u79bb\u6389\u4efb\u4f55\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u8db3\u591f\u7684RNA\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5f62\u6210PTC\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u534a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u4e24\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u80bd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5373\u4fbf\u80fd\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5f88\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u624b\u4e2d\u63a5\u529b\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc715\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u94fe\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u80bd[6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8bfa\u5956\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e5f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0cYonath\u56e2\u961f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7530\u6751\u6559\u6388<\/span>\uff08Koji Tamura\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230PTC\u534a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6838\u5fc3\u53e3\u888b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53[7]\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86Yonath\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u578b\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e0d\u53d7\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53f3\u65cb\u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/span>\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u6784\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u65cb\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u66f4\u73af\u4fdd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u53ea\u662f\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684PTC\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86PTC\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5408\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u4ecePTC\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u591a\u80bd\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u52a0\u4e0a\u03b1-\u7f9f\u57fa\u9178<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e73\u9178\u548c\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u51c9\u723d\u3001\u6f6e\u6e7f\u548c\u708e\u70ed\u3001\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u80bd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981RNA\u53c2\u4e0e[8]\u30022022\u5e74\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528RNA\u78b1\u57fa<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3RNA\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684A\uff0cC\uff0cG\u548cU\u78b1\u57fa\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u80bd\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u201cRNA\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u5728RNA\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6beb\u65e0\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] <\/span>Crick F. Nature. 1970 Aug 8;227(5258):561-3.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] <\/span>Kruger, K. et al. Cell 31, 147\u2013157 (1982)<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] <\/span>Stark BC. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Aug;75(8):3717-21. <\/span><\/section>\n
[4] <\/span>Gilbert, W. Nature 319, 618 (1986).<\/span><\/section>\n
[5] <\/span>Schluenzen, F. et al. Cell 102, 615\u2013623 (2000)<\/span><\/section>\n
[6] <\/span>Bose T et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Feb 28;50(4):1815-1828.<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] <\/span>Kawabata Mr. et al. Life (Basel). 2022 Apr 12;12(4):573.<\/span><\/section>\n
[8] <\/span>Forsythe, J. G. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 54, 9871\u20139875 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
[9] <\/span>M\u00fcller, F. et al. Nature 605, 279\u2013284 (2022).<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u600e\u6837\u8d77\u6e90\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u600e\u6837\u6f14\u5316\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8ffd\u95ee\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u63ed\u5f00\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8c1c\u9898\u3002<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7b56\u5212\u201c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u81ea2020\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd1\u767e\u540d\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u540c\u5b66\u6216\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e86\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u4e0b\u65b9\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5047\u8bf4\uff1aRNA-\u591a\u80bd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u56fe\u666f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u591a\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u5bfb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u767e\u5e74\u63a2\u7d22\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8c01\u662f\u4e3b\u89d2\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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