{"id":41570,"date":"2023-04-04T18:48:56","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T10:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41570"},"modified":"2023-04-04T18:48:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T10:48:56","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e6%8c%87%e7%9a%84%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e3%80%81%e7%ac%a6%e5%8f%b7%e5%92%8c%e8%af%ad%e4%b9%89%e9%97%ad%e5%8c%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41570","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u2014\u2014\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u6307<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Howard H. Pattee<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6768\u660e\u54f2<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u6587\u7ae0\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
Evolving Self-reference: Matter, Symbols, and Semantic Closure<\/span>
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https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-94-007-5161-3_14<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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3. \u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u975e\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e5f\u975e\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08emergent evolution\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08open-ended evolution\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u81ea\u6307\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u70b9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08 matter-symbol complementarity\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u548c\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08semantic closure relation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea\u6307<\/span>\uff08Self-Reference\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u672c\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bf8\u5982\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u632f\u8361\u5668\u7b49\u56e0\u679c\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5185\u7701\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6307\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ed\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6307\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u6210\u719f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u5316\u548c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u6307\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u81ea\u6d3d\u95ed\u5305<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6307\u5173\u7cfb\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305<\/span>\uff08Pattee, 1982\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5177\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b26\u53f7<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u8d28\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u878d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305\u9700\u8981\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u5bb9\u6211\u7ec6\u7ec6\u9053\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u753b\u5bb6Ren\u00e9 Magritte\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u70df\u6597\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u5e45\u6709\u7740\u81ea\u6307\u610f\u5473\u7684\u827a\u672f\u54c1<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fc7<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982, Pattee, 1969, 1972, 1982\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206<\/span>\uff08matter-symbol distinction\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6362\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u578b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u8111-\u5fc3\u667a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c4\u8282\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc<\/span>\uff08von Neumann\uff09<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span>\uff08self-replicating automata\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9<\/span>\uff081966\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u4f46\u8109\u51b2\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u7279\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bbe\u5907\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u5b57\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f93\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u673a\u5668\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6216\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fd8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5316\u6216\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u505a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u628a\u8be5\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u5236\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6784\u9020\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\uff08von Neumann\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u673a\u5668\u548c\u673a\u5668\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u673a\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u6307\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b26\u53f7-\u7269\u8d28\u5212\u5206\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u903b\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5207\u5272\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c9\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9488\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u624d\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u7684\u8303\u7574<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u624d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6709\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c5\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6210\u719f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\u4e24\u8005\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u533a\u5206\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5236\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u56f0\u96be\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7b26\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cWhitehead, 1927; Cassirer, 1957; Harnad, 1990\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u9762\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6e10\u9a7e\u9a6d\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPattee, 1969; 1992\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u591a\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b26\u53f7\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u4efb\u4f55\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u77e5\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6216\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u89c6\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/span>\uff08reductionism\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba<\/span>\uff08dualism\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u770b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e14\u9075\u5faa\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0cDNA\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u5b83\u57fa\u56e0\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u611f\u5149\u4e73\u5242\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u751f\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3. \u80f6\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u5149\u4e73\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9645\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u68d8\u624b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bd5\u56fe\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u60f3\u4e13\u6ce8\u5728\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u6ce2\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u548c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u9006\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002Rosen<\/span>\uff081977\uff09<\/span>\u66f4\u7528\u201c\u6709\u6548\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u548c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u8981\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u91cf\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\uff0c\u4e0e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u6563\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc<\/span>\uff081955\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u56fe4. \u6d4b\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
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\u56fe5. \u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c31\u50cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5c06\u906d\u53d7\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7b26\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u7269\u8d28\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u4e0d\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u4e00\u5207\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08classification\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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6. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e0e\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7269\u7406\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7b26\u53f7\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe8. Searle \u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u623f\u95f4<\/span><\/section>\n

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8. \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u53d1\u589e\u957f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u540e\u671f\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08self-organization\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u53d1\u589e\u957f\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cYovits\u548cCameron\uff0c1960; Yovits\u3001Jacobi\u548cGoldstein\uff0c1962\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\uff08Simon\uff0c1962; Burgers\uff0c1963; Pattee\uff0c1969; Kauffman\uff0c1969\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGlansdorff\u548cPrigogine\uff0c1971; Haken\uff0c1977; Nicolis\u548cPrigogine\uff0c1977\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u6536\u96c6\u5728Yates<\/span>\uff081987\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u3002\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cWeber\uff0cDepew\u548cSmith\uff0c1988\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span>\uff08prebiotic\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u524d\u7b26\u53f7<\/span>\uff08pre-symbolic\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cStein\uff0c1988; Nicolis\u548cPrigogine\uff0c1989; Jen\uff0c1989; Zurek\uff0c1990; Stein\u548cNadel\uff0c1990; Waldrop\uff0c1992; Kauffman\uff0c1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c\u3001\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u673a\u5668\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u8d77\u6e90\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u533a\u5206\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cWheeler\uff0c1990\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cToffoli\uff0c1982\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5efa\u6a21\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8868\u8c61\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8db3\u591f\u903c\u771f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cLangton\uff0c1988\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u8fdb\u6a21\u62df\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Pattee\uff0c1988\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ea\u5c06\u7b26\u53f7\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u71c3\u7d20\u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7269\u8d28\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u7b26\u53f7\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cChurchland\uff0c1981; Crick\uff0c1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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9. \u6f14\u5316\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9\u6f14\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e92\u76f8\u533a\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u6b64\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6d41\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eff\u706f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6211\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6211\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f60\u5bf9\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u77e5\u89c9\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fBorn<\/span> (1965) <\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u6bd4\u90a3\u66f4\u52a0\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7b26\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u901a\u7528\u4ea4\u6d41\u5206\u7c7b\u201d<\/span>\uff08universal communicable classification\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u3001\u6216\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7b26\u53f7\u5462\uff1f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u7ec4\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\u7269\u8d28\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7701<\/span>\uff08self-inspection\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u63cf\u8ff0\u6765\u590d\u5236\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bc1\u636e\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u6548\u7387\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b26\u53f7\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u81ea\u7701\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u66f4\u96be\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u9002\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe9. \u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/section>\n

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10. \u7269\u8d28\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u786c\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u540c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u89c4\u52190\u21921\u548c1\u219201\u91cd\u5199\u4ea7\u751f\u6bd4\u7279\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u4eceS0<\/sub><\/span>=0\u548cS<\/span>1<\/sub><\/span>=1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6309\u7167<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684<\/sub><\/span>\u662f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5373<\/sub><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u6709\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a81\u53d8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u673a\u5668\u3001\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b1\uff08\u65e0\u566a\u58f0\uff09\uff1a0\uff0c1\uff0c01\uff0c101\uff0c01101\uff0c10101101…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b2\uff08\u65e0\u566a\u58f0\uff09\uff1a0\uff0c1\uff0c01\uff0c101\uff0c01101\uff0c10101101…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b1\uff08\u6709\u566a\u58f0\uff09\uff1a0\uff0c1\uff0c<\/span>1<\/strong><\/span>1\uff0c0101\uff0c101101\uff0c0110101101…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b2\uff08\u6709\u566a\u58f0\uff09\uff1a0\uff0c1\uff0c<\/span>1<\/span><\/strong>1\uff0c111\uff0c11111\uff0c11111111…<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u566a\u58f0\u4e0e\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u566a\u58f0\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u4e88\u4ee5\u53cd\u9a73\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec6\u8282<\/strong>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u6298\u53e0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0e\u4e00\u7ef4\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217<\/span>\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u548c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8111\u90e8\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdc\u79bb\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u88ab\u62bd\u8c61\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u51c6\u786e\u5206\u7c7b\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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11. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5982\u6211\u5728\u7b2c1\u8282\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u6307\u65e0\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u201d<\/span>\uff08 self-referent impotency principle\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5bfc\u51fa\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u65e0\u80fd\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u7406\u8d4b\u4e88\u771f\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u6539\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSober\uff0c1984\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08nonselective self-organization\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u4ee4\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u73b0\u6709\u6216\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Kauffman<\/span>\uff081993\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5c06\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7269\u7406\u79e9\u5e8f\u7eb3\u5165\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u504f\u89c1\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7269\u7406\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u7b2c8\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u7801\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u5212\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBedian\uff0c1982\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7d27\u7d27\u56f4\u7ed5\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5206\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u8d21\u732e\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80af\u5b9a\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u6211\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u95ed\u5305\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6f14\u5316\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Burgers, J. M., 1963, On the emergence of patterns of order, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 69,  1-25.<\/span><\/section>\n
Cassirer, E., 1957, The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, Vol 3: The Phenomena of  Knowledge, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT.<\/span><\/section>\n
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Wheeler, J. A., 1990, Information, physics, quantum: The search for links. In Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, W. H. Zurek, Ed., AddisonWesley, Redwood City, CA.<\/span><\/section>\n
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Zurek, W.H., 1990 (ed), Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information., Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA.<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f25\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u9c9c\u8840\u6db2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2022\u5e7411\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fOpenAI\u5f00\u53d1\u7684ChatGPT\u3002\u4ece\u95ee\u7b54\u5230\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u63d0\u53d6\u6458\u8981\u5230\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\uff0cChatGPT\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u3001\u8baf\u98de\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5927\u4f6c\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6469\u62f3\u64e6\u638c\u51c6\u5907\u5165\u573a\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u51b7\u9759\u4e00\u4e0b\u2026\u2026 \u73b0\u5728 all in \u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5408\u9002\uff1f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0cChatGPT\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60+\u5927\u6570\u636e+\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u65e9\u57285\u5e74\u524d\u7684AlphaGo\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u706b\u70ed\u4e86\u30025\u5e74\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u4e0a\u5927\u8bed<\/span>\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8fd9\u8d9f\u5217\u8f66\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7279\u522b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u540e ChatGPT\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u8054\u5408\u8096\u8fbe\u3001\u674e\u5ae3\u7136\u3001\u5d14\u9e4f\u3001\u4faf\u6708\u6e90\u3001\u949f\u7ff0\u5ef7\u3001\u5362\u71da\u7b49\u591a\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u68b3\u7406ChatGPT\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5f31\u70b9\u4e0e\u77ed\u677f\u3002\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c2023\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94\u665a 19:00-21:00\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u62a5\u540d\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u540e ChatGPT\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5230\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u5426\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u8c1c<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1a\u6f14\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u667a\u80fd\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>ChatGPT \u5411\u901a\u7528\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u8ba9 ChatGPT \u62e5\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u6307\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5965\u79d8<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
7. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u590d\u5236\uff1f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u654f\u9510\u5730\u5bdf\u89c9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u6307\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005 Howard Pattee \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u7269\u8d28-\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u8865\u7406\u8bba\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":41556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41570\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/41556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41570"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=41570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}