{"id":41705,"date":"2023-04-11T20:14:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T12:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41705"},"modified":"2023-04-11T20:14:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T12:14:07","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e8%83%bd%e5%8a%9b%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e4%b9%94%e5%a7%86%e6%96%af%e5%9f%ba%e5%af%b9%e9%98%b5%e8%be%be%e5%b0%94%e6%96%87%e3%80%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=41705","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u9635\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587|\u300a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5371\u9669\u601d\u60f3\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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[\u7f8e] \u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u90a3\u9887\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u7a33\u56fa\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e07\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\u4e86\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u2014\u2014\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5e73\u514b\uff08Pinker,1994,p.355\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u7fc5\u8180\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff08Chomsky,1988,p.167\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u4e00\u6279\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u9694\u9602\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u8bed\u8a00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u2014\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9694\u9602\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u4e0e\u514b\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u5361\u666e\u5170<\/span><\/section>\n

\uff08Simon and Kaplan,1989,p.5\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n


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1956\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Institute for Radio Engineers\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u548c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u7684\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u673a\u300b<\/span>\uff08NewellandSimon,1956\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8c\u4eba\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u53f0\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u7684\u201c\u901a\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u5668\u201d<\/span>\uff08GeneralProblem Solver\uff09\uff08Newell and Simon,1963\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7236\u4eb2<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u7956\u7236\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00Lisp<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u800cLisp\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong>\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5927\u81f4\u5c31\u50cfDNA\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u89d2\u9010\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u754c\u4e9a\u5f53\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u540d\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u673a\u8db3\u4ee5\u540c\u963f\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u7684\u8df3\u68cb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5339\u654c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7A.\u7c73\u52d2\u7684\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff1a7\u00b12\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/strong>\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08Miller, 1956\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u540d27\u5c81\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u521d\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u300b<\/span>\uff08Chomsky, 1956\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u52a0\u5195\u90fd\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6b66\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\u7684\u6807<\/span>\u5fd7\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u5927\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u5728\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2\u5c31\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08Miller,1979\uff09<\/span>\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u5728\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u573a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u57281969\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bf7\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u6bd4\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u9053<\/span>\uff08Simon,1969,p.47\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff3b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff3d<\/span>\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u6709\u7740\u4eb2\u5207\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5343\u771f\u4e07\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7075\u89c2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d\u771f\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff01\u7b49\u52301989\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u9694\u9602\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u662f\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7edf\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u5728\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u8bed\u97f3\u5b66\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u7528\u5b66\u7b49\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u6709\u4ea4\u6218\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u81ea\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u7684\u5206\u652f<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u6210\u957f\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5148\u9a71\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u63a2\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u5230\u8d39\u5c14\u8fea\u5357\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u548c\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee\uff0c\u53ef\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u2014\u2014\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u2014\u2014\u7387\u5148\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u7edf\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u542b\u5185\u90e8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57281957\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u9879\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u8be5\u7247\u533a\u662f\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u548c\u8fa8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faa\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u7eaf\u903b\u8f91\u63a2\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u4f5c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u6700\u7ec8\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9636\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5c42\u7ea7<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Chomsky Hierarchy\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u80fd\u9760\u5b83\u521d\u7aa5\u95e8\u5f84\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u800c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u5e8f\u76f8\u4e92\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u201c\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u5230\u201c\u4e0b\u63a8\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u6709\u754c\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u6ce2\u4ee4\u6211\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\u3002\u90a3\u662f1960\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u5927\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u95ee\u594e\u56e0\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8c01\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u8bfb\u7684\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u594e\u56e0\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u62df\u5b9a\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u8bba\u6587\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u594e\u56e0\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u662f\u5728\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u53cd\u5bf9\u594e\u56e0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\uff01\uff09<\/span>\u4ed6\u5f53\u5373\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u53bb\u8bfb\u8bfb\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u6c14\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u76d6\u8fc7\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7231\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6068\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u7231\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6e05\u4e00\u8272\u5730\u641e\u8d77\u4e86\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u3001\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u67d0\u79cd\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u3002\u5728\u6068\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8c34\u8d23\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5e26\u7740\u79d1\u6280\u8303\u513f\u7684\u711a\u7434\u716e\u9e64\u4e4b\u5f92\u5728\u4e01\u96f6\u54a3\u5577\u5730\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5984\u56fe\u7834\u574f\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u4f18\u7f8e\u52a8\u4eba\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7cbe\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u6240\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u8bed\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u80a1\u654c\u610f\u7b80\u76f4\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f53\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5f53\u4e00\u540d\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u5199\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u540d\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u7231\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u529b\u8d38\u7136\u63d2\u624b\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u5f62\u6001\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u6740\u622e\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u5256<\/span><\/p>\n

\u534e\u5179\u534e\u65af\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u8c0b\u6740\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u5927\u7684\u8bbd\u523a\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u634d\u536b\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5f85\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u6551\u8d4e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u5b83\u9047\u5230\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u8e22\u5230\u4e86\u94c1\u677f\u3002\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u602a\u4e8b\u8fa8\u4e2a\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u633a\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4ef6\u602a\u4e8b\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4ee4\u4eba\u8bb6\u5f02\u5f88\u4e45\u4e86\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u62a8\u51fbB.F.\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u300a\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Skinner, 1957\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Chomsky, 1959\uff09<\/span>\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u654c\u89c6\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Chomsky, 1966\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u5728\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u7684\u53cd\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u5c31\u8981\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5230\u5e95\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u8fb9\u5462\uff1f\u53cd\u6b63\u4e0d\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u90a3\u8fb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u754f\u60e7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8005\u60f3\u627e\u4e00\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9887\u5177\u79d1\u5b66\u6e0a\u6e90\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u52c7\u8005\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u4e4b\u9009\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6162\u6162\u624d\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u30021978\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5854\u592b\u8328\u5927\u5b66\u64cd\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Society for Philosophy and Psychology\uff09<\/span>\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u4e3b\u529e\u65b9\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u8981\u8c08\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e3\u820c\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u4e00\u573a\u53cc\u6253\u6454\u8de4\u8d5b\u3002\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u6770\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u591a\u5c14\u5411\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u5c1a\u514b<\/span>\uff08Roger Schank\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7279\u91cc\u00b7\u5a01\u8bfa\u683c\u62c9\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Terry Winograd\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u633a\u8eab\u62a4\u4e4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c1a\u514b\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u7684\u706b\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u65e8\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u52a0\u4ee5\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u5c3d\u4eba\u7686\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5728\u89e3\u7801\u5bfb\u5e38\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u90fd\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bfb\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6697\u793a\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u798f\u591a\u5c14\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5c51\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5374\u968f\u7740\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u800c\u6e10\u6e10\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c1a\u514b\u5728\u9738\u51cc\u6210\u98ce\u7684\u9662\u7cfb\u91cc\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u597d\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u634d\u536b\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u51c6\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u3001\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u2014\u2014\u5c1a\u514b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u662f\u7af9\u7bee\u6253\u6c34\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6c34\u4e2d\u635e\u6708\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u6700\u540e\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5374\u505a\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5982\u5c1a\u514b\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u7c97\u5236\u6ee5\u9020\u7684\u5c0f\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u90a3\u5c31\u592a\u8dcc\u4efd\u513f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u660e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5176\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5168\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5219\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u9610\u660e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u5047\u5982\u771f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u513f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bd4\u8d77\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u5c1a\u514b\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u80af\u5b9a\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u7b80\u00b7\u5965\u65af\u6c40\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u548c\u89c2\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c06\u4e89\u8bba\u63a8\u5411\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u53ea\u6709\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u6559\u6388\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u2018\u6709\u8da3\u2019\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5982\u6b64\u4e60\u7109\u4e0d\u5bdf\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5934\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5c31\u50cf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u7528\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5fc3\u7075\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ddf\u8ba8\u538c\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8ba8\u538c\u79d1\u5b66\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u60f3\u5fc5\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5f0f\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8d70\u5f97\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u8fdc\uff01\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ddf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u74dc\u845b\u3002\u5fc3\u7075\u82e5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5668\u5177\u6216\u5c0f\u5668\u5177\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u603b\u5f52\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u5176\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u5fc3\u7075\u5c31\u7b97\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4f9b\u6df7\u4e71\u6816\u8eab\u7684\u79d8\u6240\uff0c\u4e5f\u597d\u8fc7\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u79cd\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u62f1\u624b\u4ea4\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f53\u65f6\u6253\u52a8\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u672a\u9886\u4f1a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8981\u65e8\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u300a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u9776\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08target article\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u300a\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u8868\u5f81\u300b<\/span>\uff08Chomsky, 1980\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5219\u662f\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u90fd\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8bf4\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u4e60\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u5148\u5929\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u5f00\u5173\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u628a\u4ed6\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u800c\u975e\u8bb2\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7528\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u548c\u897f\u8499\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u901a\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u5668\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5148\u5929\u5177\u6709\u8bf4\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fde\u201c\u6162\u534a\u62cd\u7684\u201d\u5b69\u5b50\u5b66\u8d77\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u538b\u6839\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u9876\u591a\u5c31\u50cf\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u632f\u7fc5\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5148\u5929\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u4ece\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u82e5\u5e72\u53d1\u5c55\u8bf1\u56e0\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u82e5\u5e72\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u526a\u6216\u5851\u5f62\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u9047\u5230\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcd\u8bed\u5c31\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u76f8\u79bb\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8f83\u8fd1\uff0c\u79bb\u4ed6\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4eec\u5219\u8f83\u8fdc\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1Jackendof,1993\u548cPinker,1994\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7acb\u573a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u62b5\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u62b5\u5236\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5148\u524d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u62b5\u5236\u8fc7\u201c\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u7684\u75af\u543c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u4e0d\u59cb\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e\u522b\u5904\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u5730\u7403\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u62b5\u5236\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u62ff\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4e0a\u52a0\u96be\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd1\u5728\u773c\u524d\u7684\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u201c\u628a\u62c5\u5b50\u7529\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u4e60\u5f97\u201d\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u96be\u9a7e\u9a6d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u970d\u4f0a\u5c14\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u4f1a\u9650\u5b9a\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6700\u5927\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8868\u660e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u8eab\u4e0a\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u719f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e9b\u8bb8\u5b89\u6170\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u5929\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5982\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u5916\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5316\u77f3\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u7070\u5fc3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u5168\u7136\u65e0\u77e5\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5230\u51fa\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u6599\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\uff08Dennett,1980\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4ee4\u6211\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u51fa\u6211\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u7528\u610f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u6709\u8da3\u201d\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a\u62c5\u5b50\u7529\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u800c\u201c\u7070\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u660e\u767d\u6211\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u201d\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u201d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff01\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u8bb8\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6311\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62c5\u5b50\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u600e\u6837\u5728\u65e0\u6bd4\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4f7f\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u5f62\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u4e2a\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u602a\u80ce\u3002\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002<\/span>
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\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8ddf\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6b64\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u2026\u2026\u5b83\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u6b63\u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\uff08Chomsky,1988,p.170\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u5462\uff1f\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u8bed\u8a00\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6f14\u5316\u8c1c\u9898\u4e0a\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u8c8c\u4f3c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u8c31\u4e0a\u6700\u5177\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u8fd1\u4eb2\u7f18\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6240\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb600\u4e07\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u7cfb\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u6309\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\uff1b\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6b67\u662f\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6b67\u5c31\u8ddf\u5904\u7406\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u59cb\u7956\u9e1f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u98de\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u5728\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6218\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5f00\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKrebs and Dawkins,1984;Zahavi,1987\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u548c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u96be\u9898\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u4e3e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u673a\u667a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6bd4\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u8c13\u7c7b\u76ee\u7e41\u591a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u662f\u771f\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u5965\u79d8\u4e86\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u65e0\u53ef\u8865\u6551\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u5916\u8282\u5236\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u820d\u4e0d\u5f97\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u82b1\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc2\u8fdc\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u65ad\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u628a\uff3b\u5148\u5929\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\uff3d\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u662f\u4e07\u65e0\u4e00\u5931\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bba\u65ad\u5e76\u65e0\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\uff08Chomsky,1972,p.97\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u62b1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e43\u81f3\u662f\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ff9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u9610\u91ca\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u9690\u853d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6770\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u00b7\u51ef\u6cfd<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u7b2c2\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u501f\u52a9\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u62f1\u80a9\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u51ef\u6cfd\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53c8\u662f\u4ece\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff1b\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u70ed\u5207\u5730\u8d5e\u540c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u8bed\u8a00\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u5230\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\uff0c\u9876\u591a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u589e\u5927\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u53d8\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f34\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u5c55\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ddf\u8111\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u5927\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u53d8\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u4e66\u5199\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u5212\u5206\u5b63\u8282\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6280\u80fd\u2026\u2026\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5947\u7279\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u987a\u5e26\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u7956\u5148\u7684\u561f\u56d4\u58f0\u548c\u624b\u52bf\u6709\u7740\u5ef6\u7eed\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7b80\u5355\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u7edd\u975e\u6211\u7684\u539f\u521b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u540c\u5b83\uff1b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u8bba\u601d\u8def\u76f4\u63a5\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u6f14\u5316\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\uff09\uff08Gould,1989b,p.14\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6700\u521d\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u66f4\u9ad8\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8ddf\u7956\u5148\u7684\u561f\u56d4\u58f0\u548c\u624b\u52bf\u6709\u7740\u5ef6\u7eed\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7b80\u5355\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u731c\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u51fa\u4e8e\u8bba\u8ff0\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u59d1\u4e14\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u731c\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u6269\u5c55\u9002\u5e94\u4e5f\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4eba\u79d1\u5927\u8111\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6210\u957f\u5728\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u51ef\u6cfd\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u968f\u4fbf\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u62f1\u80a9\u201d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u50cf\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\uff01\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u786c\u751f\u751f\u63a8\u5411\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u90a3\u6b21\u95f4\u65ad\u6765\u5f97\u6709\u591a\u7a81\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u602a\u80ce\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u628a\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u8a89\u4e3a\u4e00\u5ea7\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b83\u62b5\u5fa1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u4e5f\u8ba4\u53ef\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u53cd\u9002\u5e94\u8bba\uff0c\u62ff\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u6743\u5a01\u501f\u53e3\u6765\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u9879\u660e\u6446\u7740\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u5148\u5929\u5b58\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u6f14\u5316\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u6743\u5a01\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u9053\u6df1\u6e0a\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u652f\u6491\u7f62\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1989\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5e73\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08the Cognitive Science Colloquium at MIT\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u9776\u6587\u7ae0\u520a\u767b\u5728\u300a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u6218\u4e66\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5c31\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6210\u957f\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\uff08Pinker and Bloom,1990,p.707\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u201d\u5e73\u514b\u548c\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65e0\u804a\u900f\u9876\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u56de\u58f0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u7acb\u4f53\u89c6\u89c9\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u590d\u6742\u80fd\u529b\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08Pinker and Bloom,1990,p.708\uff09<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u65e0\u804a\u900f\u9876\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u662f\u8010\u5fc3\u8bc4\u4f30\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u2014\u2014\u60ca\u4e0d\u60ca\u559c\uff1f\u610f\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5668\u5b98\u201d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u6f14\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u65e0\u804a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u5148\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u573a\u6765\u8005\u751a\u4f17\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6324\u5f97\u53ea\u80fd\u7ad9\u7740\u3002\u540d\u58f0\u5728\u5916\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u6ca1\u7f9e\u6ca1\u81ca\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654c\u610f\u4e0e\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u5927\u53d7\u9707\u64bc\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u624d\u8ba9\u6211\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u62d6\u4e86\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6ca1\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span>\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u56de\u5473\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u54c1\u4e00\u54c1\u5e73\u514b\u5217\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u79c1\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6d41\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u53eb\u7edd\u7684\u5341\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u8bba\u6587\u8349\u7a3f\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u4f20\u4ee5\u6765\u4ed6\u548c\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u5bf9\u4ed8\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6ca1\u8bb0\u9519\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u5927\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\uff082\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea4\u6d41\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u50cf\u624b\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u6839\u68cd\u5b50\u7684\u9c81\u5e03\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u5821\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u65e5\u6677\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff083\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u201c\u5728\u6c99\u5b50\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\u201d\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u529b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff084\uff09\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u9760\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u6f14\u5316\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff085\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u773c\u775b\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u50cf\u773c\u775b\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5f97\u89c1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u4f1a\u9632\u6b62\u4f60\u98d8\u6d6e\u81f3\u592a\u7a7a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff086\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u6606\u866b\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u90a3\u6863\u5b50\u4e8b\u513f\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7ed9\u9a73\u5012\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff087\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5f15\u53d1\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff088\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff089\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u800c\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\uff0810\uff09\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u8bf4\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n

\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u67d0\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u5947\u602a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5e73\u514b\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f2\u53f7\u30016\u53f7\u548c9\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f4\u53f7\u30015\u53f7\u548c10\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u7956\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u62b1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\uff08\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6e05\u5355\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\uff09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u501f\u52a9\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6743\u5a01<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Otero,1990\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5e73\u514b\u548c\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u6240\u8bf4<\/span>\uff08Pinker and Bloom,1990,p.708\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u201c\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6770\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u4f4d\u4e00\u518d\u8868\u793a\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6761\u5173\u952e\u7684\u72d7\u8fd8\u672a\u5420\u51fa\u58f0\u5462\u2014\u2014\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u89c1\u5230\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6216\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ea0\u6b63\u6fc0\u6218\u4e2d\u5192\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75af\u543c\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff1b\u4ee4\u6211\u611f\u5230\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u53d7\u56f0\u5fc3\u6001\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u758f\u4e8e\u53bb\u7ea0\u6b63\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u90a3\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e14\u7cdf\u7cd5\u900f\u9876\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6700\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u662f\u201c\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u67d0\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u53ef\u618e\u8bef\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u634d\u536b\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u5230\u5341\u6076\u4e0d\u8d66\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u8bef\u7528\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u662f\u5426\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u4eec\u83ab\u8877\u4e00\u662f\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u867d\u80fd\u8c05\u89e3\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u90a3\u6837\u516c\u5f00\u8d23\u5907\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd8\u662f\u9057\u61be\u4e8e\u4ed6\u79c1\u4e0b\u6ca1\u80fd\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u529d\u963b\u6216\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u90fd\u8e0a\u8dc3\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u62b1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u6307\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u611f\u6fc0\u6211\u66ff\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u810f\u6d3b\u513f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u60f3\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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\n
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\u201c\u540eChatGPT\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

2022\u5e7411\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fOpenAI\u5f00\u53d1\u7684ChatGPT\u3002\u4ece\u95ee\u7b54\u5230\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u63d0\u53d6\u6458\u8981\u5230\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\uff0cChatGPT\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u3001\u8baf\u98de\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5927\u4f6c\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6469\u62f3\u64e6\u638c\u51c6\u5907\u5165\u573a\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u51b7\u9759\u4e00\u4e0b\u2026\u2026 \u73b0\u5728 all in \u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5408\u9002\uff1f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0cChatGPT\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60+\u5927\u6570\u636e+\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u65e9\u57285\u5e74\u524d\u7684AlphaGo\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u706b\u70ed\u4e86\u30025\u5e74\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u4e0a\u5927\u8bed<\/span>\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8fd9\u8d9f\u5217\u8f66\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7279\u522b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u540e ChatGPT\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u8054\u5408\u8096\u8fbe\u3001\u674e\u5ae3\u7136\u3001\u5d14\u9e4f\u3001\u4faf\u6708\u6e90\u3001\u949f\u7ff0\u5ef7\u3001\u5362\u71da\u7b49\u591a\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u68b3\u7406ChatGPT\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5f31\u70b9\u4e0e\u77ed\u677f\u3002\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c2023\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94\u665a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u62a5\u540d\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u540e ChatGPT\u201d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5230\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668<\/a>
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u6f14\u5316\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5851\u9020?<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.<\/strong> \u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684RNA\uff0c\u81ea\u53d1\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u5fae\u578b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong>\u89c1\u8457\u77e5\u5fae\u2014\u2014\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. \u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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