{"id":42047,"date":"2023-04-24T18:36:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42047"},"modified":"2023-04-24T18:36:59","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:36:59","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%ba%e5%a5%b9%ef%bc%8c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e6%88%90%e4%b8%ba%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%a7%b0%e8%b0%93%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42047","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\uff0c\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u8c13\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1834\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8500\u591a\u9875\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u300b<\/span>\uff08On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u65f6\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14<\/span>\uff08William Whewell\uff0c1794\u20131866\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u8bc4\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5b63\u520a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Quarterly Review\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u3002\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u65b0\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u535a\uff0c\u5979\u628a\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u751a\u81f3\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8fde\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u5403\u60ca\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6b23\u8d4f\u81f3\u6781\u3002\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u89c9\u5f97\u739b\u4e3d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5353\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u9610\u660e\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u5728\u4e66\u8bc4\u4e0a\u79f0\u547c\u5979\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d<\/span>\uff08science\uff09<\/span>\u201c\u4eba\u201d<\/span>\uff08person\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5927\u82f1\u8f9e\u5178\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u201cnatural philosopher\u201d\u548c\u201cman of science\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u5747\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u201c\u7537\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d<\/span>\uff08scientist\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u79f0\u8c13\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e66\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u662f\u4e2a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u52a1\u957f<\/span>\uff08Master of Trinity College\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u8d44\u6df1\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388<\/span>\uff08Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4fbf\u88ab\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u5927\u82f1\u8f9e\u5178\uff0c\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d<\/span>\uff08physicist\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u8fc8\u514b\u00b7\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c<\/span>\uff08Michael Faraday\uff0c1791\u20131861\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u8bae\u4e86\u7535\u6781<\/span>\uff08electrode\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u79bb\u5b50<\/span>\uff08ion\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28<\/span>\uff08dielectric\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9633\u6781<\/span>\uff08anode\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9634\u6781<\/span>\uff08cathode\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u65b0\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5e73\u9762\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u65b9\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Whewell equation\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u626f\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547Jedburgh\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8d39\u5c14\u6cd5\u514b\u65af<\/span>\uff08William George Fairfax\uff0c1739\u2013<\/strong>1813\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u00b7\u67e5\u7279\u65af<\/span>\uff08Janet Margaret Charters\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u592b\u59bb\u5171\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u4f46\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8941\u8913\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u6392\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5e02\u90ca\u7684\u6d77\u6ee8\u5c0f\u9547Burntisland\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u739b\u4e3d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u5979\u81ea\u7531\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u739b\u4e3d13\u5c81\u65f6\u88ab\u9001\u8fdb\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u4e00\u6240\u6b63\u89c4\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u5730\u9012\u7ed9\u5c0f\u739b\u4e3d\u4e00\u4efd\u65f6\u88c5\u6742\u5fd7\u53bb\u6253\u53d1\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u5bf9\u65f6\u88c5\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5374\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9875\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u62fc\u56fe\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u7528x\u548cy\u8868\u793a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u6570\u5341\u5206\u7740\u8ff7\u3002\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5979\u8fd8\u81ea\u5b66\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u54e5\u54e5\u7ed9\u5979\u4e70\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u4ee3\u6570\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u521d\u9636\u8bfb\u7269\u3002\u8ba9\u5979\u60ca\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u54e5\u54e5\u4e70\u56de\u6765\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u7adf\u7136\u6709\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7684\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u672c\u300b<\/span>\uff08Euclid\u2019s Elements of Geometry<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5979\u4fbf\u6d25\u6d25\u6709\u5473\u5730\u81ea\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b<\/span>\uff08Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age<\/em>\uff0c\u7531\u5973\u513fMartha\u7f16\u5199\uff0c1874\u51fa\u7248\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5979\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u6df1\u591c\u5750\u8d77\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec6\u4eba\u628a\u8fd9\u4e8b\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u6bcd\u4eb2\u2026\u2026\u4e8e\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8ba9\u4ec6\u4eba\u5728\u6211\u4e0a\u5e8a\u540e\u5c31\u628a\u8721\u70db\u62ff\u8d70\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e86\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u7684\u524d\u516d\u518c\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\u5f00\u59cb\u953b\u70bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u665a\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\u51e0\u9053\u5c0f\u4e60\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u80fd\u8d2f\u901a\u5168\u4e66\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fbf\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8bf4\uff1a\u2019\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u963b\u6b62\u5979\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u8ba9\u5979\u7a7f\u4e0a\u7d27\u8eab\u8863\u4e86\u2019\u3002\u201d\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u7a7f\u4e0a\u675f\u8170\u7684\u7d27\u8eab\u8863\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u7a88\u7a95\u6dd1\u5973\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1797\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u8230\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8457\u540d\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u88ab\u56fd\u738b\u518c\u5c01\u4e3a\u7235\u58eb\u5e76\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u9646\u6218\u961f\u4e0a\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1804\u5e74\uff0c23\u5c81\u7684\u739b\u4e3d\u548c\u65f6\u4efb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9a7b\u82f1\u9886\u4e8b\u7684\u8868\u5144\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u683c<\/span>\uff08Samuel S. Greig\uff0c1778\u20131807\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u4f26\u6566\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5b66\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c1807\u5e74\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u5e26\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e74\u5e7c\u5b69\u5b50\u56de\u5230Burntisland\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u8bdd\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u5bf9\u739b\u4e3d\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u7978\u4e0d\u5355\u884c\uff0c\u5c0f\u513f\u5b508\u5c81\u592d\u6298\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u5927\u513f\u5b50\u6c83\u4f26\u4f50\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u683c<\/span>\uff08Woronzow Greig\uff0c1805\u20131865\uff09<\/span>\u987a\u5229\u957f\u5927\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9887\u6709\u70b9\u540d\u6c14\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8f6c\u56de\u7236\u6bcd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f3a\u70c8\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb\u725b\u987f\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\uff08Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia Mathematica<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5199\u9053\u201c\u6211\u5728\u56de\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u540e\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9605\u8bfb\u725b\u987f\u7684\u300a\u539f\u7406\u300b\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u53d1\u89c9\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u6211\u91cd\u65b0\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u3002\u201d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u540e\u6765\u770b\u7684\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u7248\u672c<\/span>\uff08Jesuit Edition\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u524d\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u81ea\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u62c5\u4efb\u6570\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u534e\u83b1\u58eb<\/span>\uff08William Wallace\uff0c1768\u2013<\/strong>1843\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u4e66\u4fe1\u6765\u5f80\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u5b66\u6210\u624d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c36\u5c81\u6210\u4e3a\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4ee3\u6570\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u3002\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\u5f15\u5bfc\u739b\u4e3d\u628a\u6570\u5b66\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7814\u4e60\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u9886\u5148\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7531\u6b27\u62c9<\/span>\uff08Leonhard Euler\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5<\/span>\uff08Joseph Lagrange\uff09<\/span>\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u4ee3\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728Marlow\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u9662\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u89e3\u7b54\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u30021811\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e22\u756a\u56fe\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Diophantine problem\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u7b54\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u679a\u523b\u6709\u5979\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u94f6\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1812\u5e74\uff0c31\u5c81\u7684\u739b\u4e3d\u548c\u5979\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8868\u54e5\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u7ef4\u5c14<\/span>\uff08William Somerville\uff0c1771\u2013<\/strong>1860\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u662f\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u4fe9\u517b\u80b2\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u65f6\u533b\u7597\u6761\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u6d3b\u5230\u6210\u5e74<\/span>\uff08Martha\uff0c1815\u20131879\u548c Marie\uff0c1817\u20131875\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1814\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u544a\u8bc9\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\uff0c\u5979\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\u7ed9\u5979\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af<\/span>\uff08Pierre Laplace\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5<\/span>\uff08Joseph-Louis Lagrange\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6cca\u6851<\/span>\uff08Sim\u00e9on Poisson\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u81ea\u5b66\u8fc7\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u5979\u9605\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u6beb\u65e0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e08\u592b\u5a01\u5ec9\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u5927\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6768<\/span>\uff08Thomas Young\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u963f\u62c9\u679c<\/span>\uff08Fran\u00e7ois Arago\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u585e\u5947\u5a01\u514b<\/span>\uff08Adam Sedgwick\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u201d\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u827e\u8fbe\u00b7\u62dc\u4f26<\/span>\uff08Ada Byron\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u827e\u8fbe\u662f\u8457\u540d\u5927\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u62dc\u4f26<\/span>\uff08George G. Byron\uff0c1788\u20131824\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u901a\u8fc7\u827e\u8fbe\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u8d1d\u5947<\/span>\uff08Charles Babbage\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5979\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5df4\u8d1d\u5947\u521b\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u739b\u4e3d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u7406\u5929\u6587\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u7ed9\u5979\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece1819\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u9010\u6e10\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7535\u548c\u78c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u663e\u5fae\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1826\u5e74\uff0c46\u5c81\u7684\u5979\u5728\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u592a\u9633\u5149\u8c31\u4e2d\u7d2b\u5149\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u5173\u4e8e\u78c1\u548c\u5149\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u884c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u5384\u59c6\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Henry P. Brougham\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52cb\u7235\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u300a\u6709\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u534f\u4f1a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u79d1\u666e\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8fd8\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u8bc4\u8bba<\/span>\uff08 Edinburgh Review\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1830\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u5384\u59c6\u52cb\u7235\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5929\u5802\u673a\u68b0\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Mechanism of the Heavens<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u662f\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u540d\u8457\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08M\u00e9canique C\u00e9leste<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u524d\u4e24\u518c\u7684\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u5bfc\u5f15<\/span>\uff08Preliminary Dissertation\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cbe\u901a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u201d\u5979\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5929\u738b\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u4fa7\u4e00\u9897\u672a\u77e5\u884c\u661f\u3002\u5979\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5929\u738b\u661f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u201d\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u6d77\u738b\u661f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u7b2c8\u7248\u91cc\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u6d53\u6d53\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\uff1a\u201c\u9884\u8a00\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u5929\u5802\u673a\u68b0\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u5bfc\u5f15\u8ba9\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u666e\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5206\u4eab\u5404\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u300a\u5929\u5802\u673a\u68b0\u300b\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5979\u672c\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e8c\u767e\u82f1\u9551\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7684\u5956\u8d4f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u9996\u76f8\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08John Russell\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u6bcf\u5e74\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u767e\u82f1\u78c5\u3002\u5728\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u8bd1\u8457\u88ab\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5929\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5c06\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ece\u4ee3\u6570\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6210\u529f\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u90fd\u5199\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u6211\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u795d\u8d3a\u4fe1\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5361\u7f57\u7433\u00b7\u8d6b\u6b47\u5c14\u5973\u58eb\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u4f1a\u5458\u2026\u2026\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6295\u7968\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u6211\u7684\u534a\u8eab\u50cf\u653e\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u2026\u2026\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u5632\u7b11\u6211\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u6210\u529f\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5927\u58f0\u8d5e\u7f8e\u6211\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u739b\u4e3d\u548c\u8d6b\u6b47\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Caroline Herschel\uff0c1750\u2013<\/strong>1848\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u4eba\u662f1820\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u8d6b\u6b47\u5c14\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u9897\u5927\u5f57\u661f\u800c\u51fa\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1834\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u540d\u8457\u300a\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u8ba9\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8d44\u6df1\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u60e0\u5a01\u5c14\u4e3a\u8868\u5f70\u5979\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u9020\u8be3\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d<\/span>\uff08scientist\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u81f3\u4eca\u5370\u5237\u53d1\u884c\u5230\u7b2c10\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6cd5\u6587\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u7b49\u591a\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6768\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u594b\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff0c1831\u2013<\/strong>1879\uff09<\/span>\u540e\u6765\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u4e66\u201c\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u53ef\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u5851\u9020\u6210\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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1834\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3001\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u4f1a\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57281835\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u56e0\u4e08\u592b\u67d3\u75c5\u9700\u8981\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5728Florence\u548cNaples\u7b49\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1842\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\u8bc4\u9009\u4e2d\u843d\u9009\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u5979\u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5b66\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u5979\u7684\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u534a\u8eab\u50cf\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u5385\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u30021866 \u5e74\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7a46\u52d2<\/span>\uff08John S. Mill\uff0c1806\u2013<\/strong>1873\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u6c11\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bf7\u613f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8d4b\u4e88\u5973\u6027\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u57281521 \u4eba\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u613f\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1848\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u672c500\u591a\u9875\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Physical Geography\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u63a2\u9669\u8005\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6d2a\u5821<\/span>\uff08Alexander von Humboldt\uff0c1769–<\/strong>1859\uff09<\/span>\u57281849\u5e74\u5199\u7ed9\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u8457\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u60a8\u7684\u76f8\u6bd4\u2026\u2026\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c2\u80fd\u9003\u8fc7\u60a8\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\u2026\u2026\u60a8\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5360\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u60a8\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u548c\u78c1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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1857\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u7406\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1860\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5a01\u5ec9\u5728Florence\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7489\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u57281869\u5e74\uff0c88\u5c81\u7684\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5979\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u672c\u4e24\u518c\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u663e\u5fae\u79d1\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Molecular and Microscopic Science\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u690d\u7269\u751f\u547d\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709180\u5e45\u7167\u7247\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3 \u739b\u4e3d\u300a\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u663e\u5fae\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u624b\u7ed8\u56fe\uff08\u7eff\u85fb\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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1869\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a1869\u5e74\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5956\u9879\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Victoria Gold Medal\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u30021870\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u56db\u5143\u6570<\/span>\uff08quaternions\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eca\u5929[\u89e3\u9898]\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u660e\u5929\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u201d\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u7761\u8fc7\u5934\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u5230\u89e3\u9898\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u660e\u5929\u30021872 \u5e74 11 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7761\u68a6\u4e2d\u5b89\u7136\u8f9e\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 92 \u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u739b\u4e3d\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728Naples\u5e02\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u5893\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u300a\u6668\u62a5\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Morning Post<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e3a\u5979\u5199\u7684\u60bc\u8bcd\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8981\u9009\u51fa19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u738b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u633a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u9009\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5973\u738b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u518d\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe5 \u739b\u4e3d\u534a\u8eab\u77f3\u50cf\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u5927\u5385\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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2017\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c<\/span>\uff08Royal Bank of Scotland\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u5370\u6709\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u7ef4\u5c14\u5934\u50cf\u7684\u9762\u503c10\u82f1\u9551\u949e\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe6<\/strong>  2017\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u768410\u82f1\u9551\u949e\u7968<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u6211\u7684\u96c6\u667a\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u6df7\u6c8c\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u5979\u7b14\u4e0b\u6084\u6084\u6d41\u51fa\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u5979\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bc2\u9759\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u5979\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u201c\u6838\u88c2\u53d8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ba1\u5212 | \u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. \u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5bfc\u8bed \u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff08scientist\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u7531\u8c01\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5f15\u8fdb\uff1f \u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005 \u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff08scientist\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u3001\u7531\u8c01\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u5417\uff1f \u4e00   \u6545\u4e8b\u8981\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002 1834\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8500\u591a\u9875\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u8457\u4f5c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":42038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42047"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/42038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42047"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=42047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}