{"id":42353,"date":"2023-05-07T16:43:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-07T08:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42353"},"modified":"2023-05-07T16:43:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T08:43:33","slug":"%e8%b5%ab%e5%85%b9%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%96%e8%af%81%e5%ae%9e%e4%ba%86%e7%94%b5%e7%a3%81%e6%b3%a2%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42353","title":{"rendered":"\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u201d<\/span>\uff08Hertz\uff0c\u7b80\u5199\u4e3aHz\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u9891\u7387<\/span>\uff08frequency\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u53d1\u751f\u5468\u671f\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff1a1\u8d6b\u5179 = \u6bcf\u79d2\u4e2d\u5468\u671f\u6ce2\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9891\u7387\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee5\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179<\/span>\uff08Heinrich Rudolf Hertz\uff0c1857\u5e742\u670822\u65e5-1894\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u4e8e1930\u5e74\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5de5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08International Electrotechnical Commission\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u57281960\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u5ea6\u91cf\u8861\u5927\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08General Conference on Weights and Measures\uff09<\/span>\u6279\u51c6\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u201c\u6bcf\u79d2\u5468\u6570\u201d<\/span>\uff08cycles per second\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9891\u7387\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d1\u8d6b\u5179\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u9ad8\u9891\u7aef\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u5355\u4f4d\u4f9d\u6b21\u67091\u5343\u8d6b <\/span>\uff08KHz\uff0c10<\/span>3 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span>\u30011\u5146\u8d6b <\/span>\uff08MHz\uff0c 10<\/span>6 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span>\u30011\u5409\u8d6b <\/span>\uff08GHz\uff0c 10<\/span>9 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span>\u30011\u592a\u8d6b <\/span>\uff08THz\uff0c 10<\/span>12 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span> \u30011\u5e15\u8d6b<\/span> \uff08PHz\uff0c 10<\/span>15 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span>\u30011\u827e\u8d6b <\/span>\uff08EHz\uff0c 10<\/span>18 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span> \u30011\u6cfd\u8d6b<\/span>\uff08ZHz\uff0c10<\/span>21 <\/sup><\/span>Hz\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u9891\u7387\u591a\u4ee5\u5343\u8d6b<\/span>\uff08KHz\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5146\u8d6b<\/span>\uff08MHz\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bdd\u97f3\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u662f300\u20133400Hz\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u9891<\/span>\uff08FM\uff09<\/span>\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5e7f\u64ad\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u662f88\u2013108MHz\u3001\u624b\u673a\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u662f824\u2013849MHz\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u662f1227MHz\u548c1575MHz\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd8\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u6ce2\u3001\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6ce2\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u5468\u671f\u632f\u8361\u548c\u8f6c\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8d6b\u5179\u4e8e1857\u5e742\u670822\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5fb7\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Lutheran\uff09<\/span>\u72b9\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179<\/span>\uff08Gustav F. Hertz\uff0c1827\u20131914\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6c49\u5821\u4e00\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u666e\u8d39\u5f17\u79d1\u6069<\/span>\uff08Anna E. Pfefferkorn\uff0c1835\u20131910\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f1f\u5f1f\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u59b9\u59b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8d6b\u51796\u5c81\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u95f4\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8bfb\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5929\u8d4b\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u548c\u68b5\u6587\u30021875\u5e74\uff0c18\u5c81\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7edf\u4e00\u5165\u95e8\u8003\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08Abitur examinations\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f6c\u5230Dresden\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5230\u4e86\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u670d\u5f79\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6765\u5230\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fee\u8bfb\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u8bfb\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5929\u6587\u7b49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u30021877\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5165\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4fee\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u3001\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u548c\u6cca\u6851\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f6c\u56de\u5230\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e08\u4ece\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u57fa\u5c14\u970d\u592b<\/span>\uff08Gustav R. Kirchhoff\uff0c1824\u20131887\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179<\/span>\uff08Hermann von Helmholtz\uff0c1821\u20131894\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7535\u4e4b\u52a8\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff08Kinetic energy of electricity in motion\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u4e00\u679a\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u968f\u5373\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u30021880\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u7403\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08Induction in rotating spheres\uff09<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8bc4\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u4f18\u7b49\u751f<\/span>\uff08summa cum laude\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ddf\u968f\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f4\u52301883\u5e74\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81eaKiel\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53d7\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u4ece\u5f53\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff0c1831\u20131879\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u672c\u4e0a\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u2026\u2026\u53ef\u662f\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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1884\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u8bba\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5411\u7535\u78c1\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the relations between Maxwell’s fundamental equations of the opposing electromagnetics\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e86\u94fa\u57ab\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1885\u5e74\uff0c28\u5c81\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7684Karlsruhe\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u4efb\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u88c5\u914d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0a\u8bfe\u65f6\u505a\u5404\u79cd\u793a\u8303\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u597d\u597d\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u91cc\u6559\u4e09\u89d2\u5b66\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u00b7\u591a\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Max Doll\uff09<\/span>\u535a\u58eb\u5341\u5206\u8d5e\u8d4f\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5973\u513f\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d<\/span>\uff08Elisabeth Doll\uff0c1864\u20131941\uff09<\/span>\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u4ed6\u76f8\u8bc6\u3002\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u661f\u5149\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4e4e\u9a84\u50b2\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e86\u89e3\u661f\u5149\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6ee1\u5929\u7684\u661f\u5149\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5149\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u6765\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u661f\u5149\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e14\u5341\u5206\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e0d\u61c2\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u7231\u4e0a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6f5c\u5fc3\u5bfb\u6c42\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u8c1b\u7684\u7ec5\u58eb\u3002\u76f8\u8bc6\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u4e861886\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4fbf\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u592b\u5987\u4fe9\u517b\u80b2\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\uff0cJohanna \u548cMathilde\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2  \u8d6b\u5179\u3001\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u63d2\u66f2\u30021887 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fdCase Western Reserve \u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a<\/span>\uff08Albert A. Michelson\uff0c1852\u20131931\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u83ab\u5229<\/span>\uff08Edward W. Morley\uff0c1838\u20131923\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u90a3\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5149\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u540e\u6765\u57281907\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u2013\u83ab\u5229\u7684\u53cd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u516c\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5149\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5371\u53ca\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u76f4\u52301915\u5e74\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u65f6\u7a7a\u89c2\u624d\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u66fe\u7ecf\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u5e74\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u2013\u83ab\u5229\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u9677\u5165\u6781\u5ea6\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa<\/span>\uff08\u534a\u9014\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u633d\u6551\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u8bdd\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f2f\u66f2\u65f6\u7a7a\u91cd\u529b\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u6253\u4e86\u4e2a\u5706\u573a\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u8fd8\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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1887\u20131888\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728Karlsruhe\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u201d<\/span>\uff08Hertzian dipole\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5929\u7ebf\u3002\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u7531\u4e24\u6839\u7ea6\u4e00\u7c73\u957f\u7684\u5bfc\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5185\u4fa7\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u82b1\u9699\uff0c\u5916\u7aef\u63a5\u6709\u950c\u7403\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5929\u7ebf\u7531\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a Ruhmkorff \u7ebf\u5708\u4e24\u5934\u5927\u7ea6\u4e09\u4e07\u4f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u8109\u51b2\u6fc0\u53d1\u800c\u53d1\u5c04\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5fae\u7c73\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u7684\u8c10\u632f\u5355\u73af\u5929\u7ebf\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u50cf\u5149\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5bfc\u7535\u4f53\u53cd\u5c04\u5e76\u53ef\u88ab\u51f9\u9762\u53cd\u5c04\u5668\u805a\u7126\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u975e\u5bfc\u7535\u4f53\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u540c\u65f6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u5728\u76f4\u7ebf\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5149\u901f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u603b\u7ed3\u5728\u201c\u8bba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the electric effect of the propagation velocity of moving\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3  \u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08\u4eff\u5236\u54c1\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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1887\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u5bc4\u7ed9\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u4e2d\u7535\u6270\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6548\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08On electromagnetic effects produced by electrical disturbances in insulators\uff09<\/span>\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u8f90\u5c04\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u6ce2\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u8d6b\u5179\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u773c\u775b\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u201d\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8ffd\u7740\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u8d6b\u5179\u8038\u8038\u80a9\u8180\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u3002\u201d \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u4e3a\u4eba\u8c26\u865a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u786e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\u540e\u6765\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u817e\u98de\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540e\u4eba\u67e5\u5b9e\uff0c\u82f1\u88d4\u7f8e\u7c4d\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f11\u65af<\/span>\uff08David E. Hughes\uff0c1831\u20131900\uff09<\/span>\u5728 1879 \u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u8fbe500\u7801\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u90a3\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1888\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u9759\u6b62\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the fundamental equations of electromagnetics for bodies at rest\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e14\u5220\u5f03\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u628a\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u2013\u8d6b\u5179\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u6d77\u7ef4\u8d5b\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Oliver Heaviside\uff0c1850\u20131925\uff09<\/span>\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1888\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4f5c\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u7535\u8f90\u5c04\u201d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u8be6\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u548c\u5149\u6ce2\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u5149\u3001\u8f90\u5c04\u70ed\u548c\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6000\u7591\u3002\u201d1889 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53c8\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8bba\u8bc1\u5149\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6210\u5343\u4e2a\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u7130\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5149\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0d\u53d1\u5149\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u6563\u53d1\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u7535\u6c14\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\u30021891 \u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u7ef4\u8d5b\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u65e0\u5904\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u7535\u6c14\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u79d1\u666e\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u632f\u8361\u5668\u6fc0\u53d1\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u30021895\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u53e4\u5217\u5c14\u83ab\u00b7\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c<\/span>\uff08Guglielmo Marconi\uff0c1874\u20131937\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u5ea6\u5047\u65f6\u5076\u7136\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d21\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8111\u74dc\u91cc\u7075\u5149\u4e00\u95ea\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u706b\u82b1\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u6765\u53d1\u5c04\u4fe1\u53f7\u5462\uff1f\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u9996\u6b21\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4f20\u9012\u8baf\u606f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u30021901\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u53c8\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u9001\u5230\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u30021909\u5e74\uff0c35\u5c81\u7684\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u52b3\u6069<\/span>\uff08Karl F. Braun\uff0c1850\u20131918\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8d77\u56e0\u201c\u5bf9\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u8d3a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4ece\u6b64\u6709\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u901a\u8baf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5bf9\u706b\u82b1\u653e\u7535\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5149\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\u5e26\u7535\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u56e0\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8d6b\u5179\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u800c\u83b7\u5f971921\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u540e\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u539f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u6c99\u83ab\u65af<\/span>\uff08Morris H. Shamos\uff0c1917\u20132002\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u4ece\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5230\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u300b<\/span>\uff08Great Experiments in Physics: First-hand Accounts from Galileo to Einstein\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ece\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5230\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bb6\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d6b\u5179\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7834\u89e3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5343\u53e4\u8c1c\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5149\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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1889 \u5e74 4 \u6708 3 \u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u63a5\u66ff\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af<\/span>\uff08Rudolf J. E. Clausius\uff0c1822\u20131888\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4efb\u804c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u517c\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u8be5\u804c\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u79bb\u4e16\u3002\u5728\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a00\u8584\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u653e\u7535\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a5\u89e6\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u548c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u63a5\u89e6\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u89e6\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u7406\u8bba\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u65e9\u57281882\u5e74\u5c31\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u63a5\u89e6\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f39\u6027\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the contact of elastic solids\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5916\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6750\u6599\u75b2\u52b3\u3001\u6469\u64e6\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u89e6\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u9525\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65ad\u88c2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u56fa\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7531\u5e94\u529b\u6ce2\u4f20\u8f93\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8106\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u8d6b\u5179\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8fd9\u95e8\u63a5\u89e6\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u63a5\u89e6\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u300a\u4ee5\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Principles of Mechanics: Presented in a New Form<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u4e8e 1894 \u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1892\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u56e0\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u504f\u5934\u75bc\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u51fa\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u708e\u75c7\u3002<\/span>1894\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u6ce2\u6069\u75c5\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7437\u5c81\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u6c49\u5821\u7684Ohlsdorf\u72b9\u592a\u5893\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8d6b\u5179\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u7ec8\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u5ac1\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u5e26\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u79fb\u6c11\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u4e5f\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u88d4\u3002\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e8e1941 \u5e74 12 \u6708 28 \u65e5\u5728\u5251\u6865\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5c0f\u4e61\u6751Girton\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 77 \u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u7531\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u743c\u65af<\/span>\uff08Daniel E. Jones\uff0c1860\u20131941\uff09<\/span>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\u5e76\u5206\u4e09\u5377\u51fa\u7248\uff1a\u300aElectric Waves\u300b<\/span>\uff081893\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u300aMiscellaneous Papers\u300b<\/span>\uff081896\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u300aPrinciples of Mechanics\u300b<\/span>\uff081899\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff0c1824\u20131907\uff09<\/span>\u30011905\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u83b1\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Philipp E. A. Lenard\uff0c1862\u20131947\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5199\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6027\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u6388\u4e88\u8d6b\u5179\u8363\u8a89\u5e02\u6c11\u79f0\u53f7\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4f4d\u4e8e Rentzelstra\u00dfe \u7684 270 \u7c73\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5854<\/span>\uff08Heinrich-Hertz-Turm\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1928 \u5e74\uff0cFraunhofer Society\u51fa\u8d44\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u8d6b\u5179\u632f\u8361\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d6b\u5179\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08Heinrich Hertz Institute\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1961\u5e74\uff0c\u6708\u4eae\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7b2c200\u53f7\u9668\u77f3\u5751\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u8d6b\u5179\u73af\u5f62\u5c71\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1987 \u5e74\uff0cIEEE Region 8 <\/span>\uff08\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u8d6b\u5179\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u8868\u5f70\u5728\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u5956\u9879\u540e\u6765\u7531IEEE\u901a\u4fe1\u5b66\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1992 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5ddeGraham\u5c71\u4e0a\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u7684\u4e9a\u6beb\u7c73\u5c04\u7535\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u4ee5\u8d6b\u5179\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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