{"id":42413,"date":"2023-05-11T21:41:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T13:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42413"},"modified":"2023-05-11T21:41:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T13:41:33","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e9%ba%a6%e5%85%8b%e6%96%af%e9%9f%a6%e5%a6%96%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e4%ba%a7%e7%94%9f%e7%a7%a9%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42413","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u71b5\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Eduardo Mizraji<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Esther Li<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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The biological Maxwell’s demons: exploring ideas about the information processing in biological systems<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u662f\u7531\u751f\u7269\u8bbe\u5907\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 JBS Haldane\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Jacques Monod\u3001Andr\u00e9 Lwoff \u548c Fran\u00e7ois Jacob\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9176\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u9020\u751f\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996<\/strong><\/span> (biological Maxwell’s demons, BMD)<\/span> \u662f\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff08information catalyst\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5728 1870 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u7406\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08Theory of Heath\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u672c<\/span>\uff08Maxwell 1871\uff09<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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……\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u6b64\u654f\u9510\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u968f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u5747\u5300\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4efb\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5747\u5300\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u5c0f\u5b54\u7684\u9694\u677f\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0cA \u548c B\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b54\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4ece A \u4f20\u5230 B\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4ece B \u4f20\u5230 A\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\u529f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8B\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4eA\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Maxwell’s demon\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u9065\u8fdc\u7684 1871 \u5e74\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u975e\u51e1\u800c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\u3002Leff \u548c Rex \u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee<\/span>\uff081990 \u5e74\u548c 2003 \u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5174\u8da3\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u667a\u529b\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u71b5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002Szilard <\/span>(1929) <\/span>\u548c Brillouin<\/span> (1951) <\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5e73\u8861<\/span> [\u6c14\u4f53\uff08gas\uff09+\u5996\uff08demon\uff09]<\/span>\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe1. \u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff1aLeff \u548c Rex<\/span> (1990) <\/span>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8be6\u7ec6\u53c2\u8003\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cLandauer<\/span> (1961) <\/span>\u548c Bennett<\/span> (1982) <\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u64e6\u9664\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6d4b\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u5e76\u90e8\u5206\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u5996\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 Porod \u7b49\u4eba 1984\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u5904\u7406\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5e76\u5b58\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003 Lutz \u548c Ciliberto<\/span>\uff082015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Parrondo\u7b49\u4eba<\/span> (2015) <\/span>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u751f\u7269\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u201d\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u5bfc\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52a8<\/span>\u8005\u662f JBS Haldane\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9176\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002Haldane \u63d0\u51fa\u9176\u662f\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08Haldane 1930)<\/span>\u3002Haldane \u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u521d\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ee3\u8c22\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8c03<\/span>\u8282\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f Andr\u00e9 Lwoff\u3001Jacques Monod \u548c Francois Jacob\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8003\u8651\u548c\u6982\u62ec Haldane \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5047\u8bbe\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5265\u79bb\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u6fc0\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c55\u793a Haldane \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7531\u751f\u7269\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e24\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u9176\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u56de\u987e\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de9\u56fa\u5176\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u8282\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0cJBS Haldane<\/strong> \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9176\u300b<\/span>\uff081930\u5e74\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1965\u5e74\u518d\u7248\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c06\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e0e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u8c61\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765<\/strong>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9176\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5982\u4f55\u670d\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0cHaldane \u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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[…] \u5982\u679c\u5728\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e4b\u5916\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u63a5\u8fd1\u9176\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8868\u660e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u9176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9176\u662f\u7531\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u94fe\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u914d\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u9176\u53ea\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u4e00\u79cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Dixon \u548c Webb 1979\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u54ea\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u6570\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u9176\u8d77\u5230\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u603b\u6570\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11<\/span>\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9176\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7ec6\u80de\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff1a\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u300b<\/span>\uff08Wiener 2019\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e 2019 \u5e74\u7248\u7b2c 83-84 \u9875\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 Haldane \u5c06\u9176\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5199\u9053\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5047\u8bbe\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u5996\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9176\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u71b5\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u6162\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b49\u6548\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u9176\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\uff1a\u9176\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6240\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\uff08\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0eHaldane\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08Pasteur Institute\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458 Andr\u00e9 Lwoff\u3001Jacques Monod \u548c Francois Jacob \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e0e\u9176\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Lwoff<\/span><\/strong> \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u751f\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\u300b<\/span>\uff08Biological Order, Lwoff 1962\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u9176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6838\u9178\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u51e0\u5343\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5305\u542b\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u7e41\u6b96\u5176\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u539f\u6837\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9648\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u66f4\u539f\u59cb\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u662f\u5bf9\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u7136\u540e Lwoff \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u53ca\u5176\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u201c\u751f\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u71b5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u71b5\u201d\u6982\u5ff5 <\/span>\uff08Schr\u00f6dinger 1944\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1957 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6e17\u900f\u9176\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6e17\u900f\u9176\u662f\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u8f6c\u8fd0\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa<\/span>\uff08Cohen \u548c Monod 1957\uff09<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9176\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5c06\u4ee3\u8c22\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u5f15\u5165\u5408\u6210\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u6b96\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Monod<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u4e66\u300a\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u5fc5\u7136\u300b<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span>Chance and Necessity\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u9176\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u201d<\/span>\uff08Monod 1972a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd Monod \u5728\u4ed6\u4e3a Leo Szilard \u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4e8e 1972 \u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u897f\u62c9\u5fb7\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053<\/span>\uff08Monod 1972b\uff09<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u8fdc\u89c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Szilard \u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65e7\u56f0\u5883\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u9e3f\u6c9f\u88ab\u5f25\u5408\u4e86\uff1a\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u53d6\u4ee3\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e Szilard \u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0cMonod \u968f\u540e\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c[…] \u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u2018\u5173\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u2019\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\u3002\u201d \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 Monod \u548c Jacob \u5bf9 lac \u64cd\u7eb5\u5b50\u9176\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b63\u662f Szilard \u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u5426\u5b9a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Jacob <\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300b<\/span>\uff08Logic of Life, Jacob 1973\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u9176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u9176\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5177\u6709\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u6291\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53d7\u4f53\u3002Jacob \u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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[…] \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u611f\u53d7\u201d\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u201c\u542c\u5230\u201d\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u201d\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90fd\u50cf\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e00\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7279\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u544a\u77e5\u4e2a\u4f53\u73af\u5883\u7279\u6027\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span>\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u5728\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0<\/span>\uff08\u70ed\u6216\u6750\u6599\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u71b5\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09<\/span>\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u548c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff1a\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u73af\u5883-\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u8026\u5408\u71b5\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u589e\u52a0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u71b5\u51cf\u5c11\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u73af<\/span>\uff08Turing’s ring\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Turing 1953\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u6a21\u578b\u9690\u542b\u5730\u5728\u819c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7d20\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6848\u4f8b\u662f Belousov\u2013Zhabotinsky \u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Winfree 1984\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982 Lwoff<\/span> (1962) <\/span>\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u96c6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u548c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002Hopfield <\/span>(1994)<\/span>\u3001Kauffman<\/span> (2020) <\/span>\u548c Pattee<\/span> (1969, 1973) <\/span>\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u5206\u6790\u3002Madden \u548c Ashby<\/span> (1972) <\/span>\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5185\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\uff1bMont\u00e9vil \u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span> (2021) <\/span>\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u521b\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u6784\u9020\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u540e\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9176\u5408\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u8be5\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u795e\u7ecf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u540e\u679c\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c4\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u201c\u5206\u5b50\u795e\u7ecf\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u79d1\u5b66\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u53d8\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u9176\u662f\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u548c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08Gestalts and Universals\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u6d1b\u514b\u5173\u4e8e\u601d\u60f3\u8054\u60f3\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u666e\u904d\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u521b\u9020\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u9020\u611f\u5b98\u5047\u80a2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span>\uff08Wiener [1948] 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Szilard \u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u88ab Monod \u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Szilard 1964\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cSzilard \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7ec6\u83cc\u4ee3\u8c22\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Novick \u548c Szilard 1950\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
Monod \u5728\u300a\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u5fc5\u7136\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u524d\u6cbf\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0cMonod \u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7ea7\u522b\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u9012\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8def\u8981\u8d70\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Jean-Pierre Changeux<\/span><\/strong> \u9075\u5faa\u4e86 Monod \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u6784\u9176\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5206\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u540e<\/span> (Changeux 1962)<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1\u53d7\u4f53\u590d\u6742\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cChangeux \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7279\u6027\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 Gisiger \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2000 \u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u201cL’Homme Neuronal\u201d<\/span>\uff08Changeux 1983\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e24\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u795e\u7ecf\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span>\uff08molecular neural shift\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u30021974 \u5e74\uff0cJohn Hopfield<\/strong> \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u5236\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u9176\u7ea0\u6b63\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u56fa\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Hopfield 1974\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684 Jacques Ninio \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u590d\u5236\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\u9176\u4fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u653e\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Ninio 1975\uff09<\/span>\u3002Nino \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0e Hopfield \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4e00\u8d77\u5f15\u7528\u30021982\u5e74\uff0cHopfield \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5411\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6269\u5c55<\/span>\uff08Hopfield 1982\uff0c2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e Ninio\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ninio \u548c Mizraji 1985\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Ninio 1996\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u5bf9\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u795e\u7ecf\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002Gilles de Gennes<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u6750\u6599\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728 1991 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfa\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8868\u793a\u83b7\u5956\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u73b0\u8c61\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u201d\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0cMonod \u5411 de Gennes \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u591a\u80bd\u94fe\u5728\u6298\u53e0\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u5177\u6709\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b54\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff1fDe Gennes \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08de Gennes 1990\uff0c\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 [\u201c\u7528\u591a\u80bd\u94fe\u6784\u5efa\u7279\u5b9a\u53d7\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6570\u91cf\u201d]\uff09<\/span>\u3002De Gennes \u7684\u667a\u529b\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 de Gennes \u6700\u540e\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u7ecf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u578b<\/span> (de Gennes 2004)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u662f Gerald Edelman<\/strong> \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7ee7\u5bf9\u6297\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97 1972 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cEdelman \u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u652f\u6301\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e0e\u6297\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5206\u5b50\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c \u79f0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c98\u9644\u5206\u5b50<\/span> (CAM)\uff08Edelman 1983\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u540e Edelman \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Edelman \u548c Reeke 1982\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u300b<\/span>\uff08Edelman 1989\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba4\u77e5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c42\u7ea7\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u5173\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.1  \u9176\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e95\u7269\u548c\u4ea7\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9176\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u9176\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65f6\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684 Haldane \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span> (Haldane 1930)<\/span>\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u201c\u9644\u5f55 1. Haldane \u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b Haldane \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5355\u4e00\u5e95\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u4ea7\u7269\u3002Wyman<\/span> (1975)<\/span> \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u9176\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5e38\u6570\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u5fae\u89c2\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span> (Onsager 1931 a, b)<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u8fdd\u80cc\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6a21\u578b\u9176\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f (1) \u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u91cf\u6f5c\u5728\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c (2) \u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e09\u79cd\u5e95\u7269 S1\u3001S2 \u548c S3 \u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6784\u5316\u6216\u7ed3\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u7269 P1\u3001P2 \u548c P3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9176 E \u80fd\u591f\u50ac\u5316 S1 \u548c S3 \u7ed3\u5408\u5408\u6210 P2\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8 S1 \u548c S3 \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5f97\u5230 P1 \u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u52bf\u5792\u3002\u4f46\u9176 E \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ea\u6709 S1 \u548c S2 \u5408\u6210 P1 \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56fe 1 \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1.   (1) \u4ee5\u7070\u8272\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u8bd5\u5242\u7ec4\u3002 (2) \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5b9e\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u4e0e\u975e\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u7070\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u901a\u9053\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u5e95\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5e38\u6570 KA1<\/sub><\/span><\/span>\u548c KA2<\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u671d\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u901a\u9053\u7531\u4e0e P2 \u5408\u6210\u901f\u7387\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5e38\u6570 kcat<\/sub><\/span> \u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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a) \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56da\u72af\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u4fdd\u9669\u7bb1\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u662f\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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b) \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u8bc6\u522b\u83ab\u5c14\u65af\u7801\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5176\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u6253\u5f00\u4fdd\u9669\u7bb1\uff0c\u6709\u6c34\u548c\u7f50\u5934\u98df\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u95e8\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6d3b\u7740\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b63\u662f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u5916\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u56da\u72af\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u548c\u98df\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88ab\u9501\u4f4f\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8865\u5145\u6c34\u5206\u5e76\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u89e3\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u547d\u8fd0<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u201c\u9644\u5f55 2. \u751f\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u914d\u7f6e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e0e\u61c2\u5f97\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f88\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d Leon Brillouin \u5728\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b<\/span>\uff08Brillouin 1949\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u7269\u8fd9\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56da\u72af\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u56da\u72af\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u9176\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8054\u60f3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u9999\u519c<\/span>\uff08Shannon 1948\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u201d<\/span>\uff08amount of information\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u5916\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d<\/span>\uff082021\u5e746\u67086\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6982\u5ff5\u3002Ashby<\/span>\uff081963\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86 Vigo<\/span>\uff082011\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bb8\u591a\u5df2\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u6355\u83b7\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u542b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u8bed\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53e5\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0cDeacon \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Deacon 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Deacon 2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7531 Kolchinsky \u548c Wolpert<\/span>\uff082018\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4fe1\u606f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/span>Woodward<\/span>\uff081953\uff09<\/span>\u548c Kharkevich<\/span>\uff081960\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Kharkevits \u6216 Jarkievich\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u641c\u7d22\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u67d0\u6570\u636e\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u503c\u5c06\u4e3a\u6b63\u503c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u201c\u8bef\u5bfc\u201d\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u5ea6\u91cf\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u8d1f\u503c\u3002Mizraji<\/span>\uff081985\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 Kharkevich \u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cMont\u00e9vil<\/span>\uff082021\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0cMont\u00e9vil \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u53cd\u71b5\u201d<\/span>\uff08anti-entropy\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08Bailly and Longo 2009; Longo \u548c Mont\u00e9vil 2014\uff0c\u7b2c9\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u71b5\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u51cf\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u4ed6 2021 \u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cMont\u00e9vil \u5206\u6790\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u71b5\u53d8\u5f97\u7f55\u89c1<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u5371\u673a\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u5145\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u9176\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8054\u60f3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u8fd0\u8f93\u751f\u7269\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6d78\u5165\u5f00\u653e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u80fd\u8017\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u8fd0\u884c\u8bb8\u591a\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53d7\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9000\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u7ef4\u7eb3\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u4f1a\u50ac\u5316\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6837\u5316\u540e\u679c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff08information catalyst\uff09<\/span>\u7528\u7b26\u53f7 iCat \u8868\u793a\u3002\u4efb\u4f55 iCat \u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668<\/sub><\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u5bfc\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\u6765\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362 [(pattern)\u2192(target)] \u7531\u5173\u8054\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5404\u79cd iCat \u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u8d28\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u65e6\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u6267\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0ciCat \u5c31\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u662f\u5426\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u4ef7 iCat = BMD\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5 Fredkin \u95e8\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08Fredkin \u548c Toffoli1982\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u4e00\u5143\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u7684<\/sub><\/span>\u548c<\/sub><\/span><\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1Mizraji 2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8868\u9762\u770b\u6765\uff0cFredkin \u95e8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u7269\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5934\u8111\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5927\u8111\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9690\u542b\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8003\u8651 Louis Rapkine \u548c Jacques Monod \u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5f88\u6709\u8da3<\/span>\uff08Rapkine 1970; Monod1970\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0ciCat \u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u57df\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u57df\u7531\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u56da\u72af\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u706f\u5149\u6309\u7167\u6469\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u7801\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6216\u6469\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u7801\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u673a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6784\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9176\u548c\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53d7\u4f53\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u535a\u5c14\u8d6b\u65af<\/span>\uff08Jorge Luis Borges\uff0c1985\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bd7\u96c6\u300a\u5bc6\u8c0b\u300b\u7684\u732e\u8bcd\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4f18\u96c5\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bf9\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u201cS\u00f3lo podemos dar lo que ya es de otro\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u5173\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 Monod \u7b14\u8bb0<\/span>\uff081970\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u53d7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f93\u5165\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fdd\u9669\u7bb1\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n
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<\/sub><\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5757 C\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u7801\u6469\u5c14\u65af\u7535\u7801\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7531\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5757 M \u7684<\/sub><\/span>\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5757 M \u6267\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6253\u5f00\u76d2\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fd0\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u8bb0\u5fc6 C \u4ee3\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u89e6\u53d1\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u7684<\/sub><\/span>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5149\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<\/sub><\/span>\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7b97\u5b50<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u201c\u9644\u5f553. \u8fc8\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u201c\uff0c\u9644\u5f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86iCat\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u56e0\u77e5\u9053\u6216\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7535\u7801\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7535\u7801\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u7535\u7801\u4f1a\u63a8\u8fdf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u201c\u9644\u5f552.\u751f\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\u201c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63ed\u793a\u65b0\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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