{"id":42711,"date":"2023-05-24T20:19:31","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T12:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42711"},"modified":"2023-05-24T20:19:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T12:19:31","slug":"%e6%b7%b7%e6%b2%8c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%b9%95%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%a4%e4%bd%8d%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%8c%e5%a5%b9%e4%bb%ac%e7%9a%84%e8%b4%a1%e7%8c%ae%e4%b8%8d%e5%ba%94%e8%a2%ab%e9%81%97%e5%bf%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=42711","title":{"rendered":"\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e55\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e01\u7396\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8bf4\u8d77\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328 <\/span>(Edward Norton Lorenz\uff0c1917-2008)<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u6df7\u6c8c\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u9690\u85cf\u6216\u4e00\u5e26\u800c\u8fc7\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u7ec6\u8282\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u5a92\u4f53\u8bb0\u8005\u6216\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u201c\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u90a3\u7bc7\u9752\u53f2\u7559\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u300b<\/span>(Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow<\/em>) <\/span>\u53d1\u886854\u5e74\u540e\u76842017\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u201c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u66fc<\/span> (Daniel Rothman) <\/span>\u5728\u4e3a\u6b21\u5e74\u521d\u5c06\u8981\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u800c\u5fd9\u788c\u7740\u3002\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u6559\u8fc7\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u5149\u843d\u5230\u672c\u6587\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u540e\u5934\u7684\u201c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u81f4\u8c22\u201d\u5904\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u8bfb\u5230\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5f80\u4ece\u672a\u6ce8\u610f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u5927\u9646\uff1a\u201cSpecial thanks are due to Miss Ellen Fetter for handling the many numerical computations and preparing the graphical presentations of the numerical material<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u611f\u8c22\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279\u5c0f\u59d0\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u6f14\u793a\uff09<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279<\/span> (Ellen Fetter\uff1b\u751f\u4e8e1940\u5e74) <\/span>\u5e76\u975e\u88ab\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u906e\u63a9\u81ea\u8eab\u5149\u8292\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5973\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\u91cc\u540c\u8d39\u7279\u4e00\u6837\u7c4d\u7c4d\u65e0\u540d\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5927\u653e\u5f02\u5f69\u3002\u5979\u65e9\u4e8e\u8d39\u7279\u4e3a\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u82b3\u540d\u662f\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f<\/span> (Margaret Hamilton\uff1b\u751f\u4e8e1936\u5e748\u670817\u65e5)<\/span>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u53d6\u81ea\u7ef4\u57fa\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u5979\u6444\u4e8e1995\u5e74\u7684\u5934\u50cf\uff0c\u5df2\u8fd1\u82b1\u7532\u4e4b\u5e74\u7684\u5979\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u77e5\u6027\u4f18\u96c5\uff1a
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5\u670812\u65e5\u662fWomen in Mathematics Day<\/span>\uff08\u5973\u6027\u6570\u5b66\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u5e86\u795d\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u9996\u4f4d\u5973\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u739b\u4e3d\u5b89\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u672d\u54c8\u5c3c<\/span> (Maryam Mirzakhani\uff0c1977-2017) <\/span>\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8f89\u714c\u4e00\u751f\u800c\u4e8e2019\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u5b66\u65e5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u548c\u8d39\u7279\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u529f\u7ee9\uff0c\u662f\u4ef6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span> (software engineering) <\/span>\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u884c\u5f53\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u8d5a\u94b1\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6742\u5fd7\u300b2018\u5e74\u520a\u767b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6587\u9996\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u3002
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\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u539f\u540dMargaret Elain Heafield\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5dde\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u56db\u5343\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5c0f\u9547Paoli\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u968f\u7236\u6bcd\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8bfb\u5b8c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u540e\u4e8e1954\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u672c\u5dde\u6700\u597d\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66fe\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u79c1\u7acb\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u2014\u2014\u5384\u52d2\u59c6\u5b66\u9662<\/span> (Earlham College) <\/span>\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e66\uff0c\u5979\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e5f\u8f6c\u5230\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fee\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u526f\u4fee\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u5979\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8be5\u6821\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6210\u4e86\u9694\u4ee3\u6821\u53cb\u3002\u8fd9\u6240\u7531\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a <\/span>(Quakers) <\/span>\u5efa\u4e8e1847\u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u603b\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3750\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed9\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ce8\u91cd\u4ee5\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3001\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u7b49\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5927\u5b66\u521a\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u5c31\u4e0e\u540c\u5728\u672c\u6821\u5ff5\u4e66\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f<\/span> (James Hamilton\uff0c1937-2014) <\/span>\u56e0\u7231\u800c\u5a5a\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u672c\u5dde\u5c0f\u57ce\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e00\u9ad8\u4e2d\u77ed\u6682\u6559\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u672c\u79d1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u7684\u5e38\u53bb\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u6559\u7ec8\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6253\u7b97\uff0c\u642c\u5230\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u57ce\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5148\u751f\u53bb\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u592b\u4eba\u8d77\u521d\u8ba1\u5212\u53bb\u5e03\u5170\u8fea\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5f88\u5feb\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u521d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53bb\u4e86\u672c\u5e02\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5927\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u62c5\u4efb\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5979\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u505a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f16\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u53d1\u73b0\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u521d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u6df7\u6c8c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u51fa\u571f\u3002
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23\u5c81\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u592b\u4eba\u4e8e1959\u5e74\u590f\u6765\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u521a\u521a\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0Royal McBee\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u9020\u7684LGP-30\u578b\u53f0\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6709\u516b\u767e\u78c5\u91cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a6d\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u76f8\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5f53\u6211\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5e08\u5144\u5f1f\u4eec\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b97\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u623f\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5a18\u5b50\u519b\u201d\u5fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u505c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c22\u5f39\u4e4b\u7236\u4e4c\u62c9\u59c6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7814\u5236\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u592a\u592a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u201c\u6559\u6388\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u4eec\u88ab\u53ec\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5927\u519b\u201d\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u7e41\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u8981\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5f3a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5361\u7247\u7b49\u4eba\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5b66\u5934\u8111\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u52a8\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u52a8\u8111\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f7f\u5f97\u5979\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5173\u4e8e\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u6570\u503c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u5979\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u8005\u8d39\u7279\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u534a\u4e2a\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4e0e\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6309\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u6211\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u201d\u3002\u57282019\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fdQuanta Magazine<\/em><\/span>\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u6742\u5fd7\uff09<\/span>\u520a\u767b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bb0\u8005Joshua Sokol\u8fd9\u6837\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5bf9\u9752\u6625\u5e74\u534e\u7684\u8ffd\u5fc6\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u6b21\u805a\u4f1a\u51cc\u6668\u4e09\u56db\u70b9\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u610f\u8bc6\u5230 LGP-30 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u548c\u51e0\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u8d76\u8fc7\u53bb\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4fee\u590d\u9519\u8bef\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5668\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5979\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b28\u62d9\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee4\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u9ad8\u5174\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u4f1a\u62ff\u8d77\u8981\u8f93\u8fdb\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7eb8\u5e26\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u5377\u8fc7\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u524a\u5c16\u7684\u94c5\u7b14\u7f16\u8f91\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u2018\u6211\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7eb8\u5e26\u6233\u6d1e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u900f\u660e\u80f6\u5e26\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u76d6\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u2019\u5979\u8bf4\u3002\u201d
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\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6253\u5370\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fe\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u540e\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7b97\u4e86\u4e00\u9635\u5b50\u540e\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u5496\u5561\u763e\u4e0a\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u8fdb\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u505a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5927\u5385\u4e0b\u697c\u559d\u5496\u5561\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u503c\u57fa\u672c\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u62c9\u957f\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u201d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u5f62\u52bf\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\u3002
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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5df2\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u6027\u7684\u4e86\uff1a\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u559d\u5496\u5561\u524d\u8f93\u8fdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91cc\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u516d\u4f4d\u5c0f\u6570\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\u5230\u4e09\u4f4d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e26\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u8bef\u5dee\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6570\u503c\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u8bef\u5dee\u88ab\u5feb\u901f\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u8bef\u5dee\u5927\u5230\u8ba9\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u4f9d\u8d56\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u89c2\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u51fb\u788e\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8bed\u201c\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u63a5\u529b<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u5feb\u5199\u6210\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u7bc7\u300a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u300b\u4e5f\u662f\u7b49\u52301963\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u95ee\u4e16\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u57281960\u5e7411\u6708\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u503c\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u540e\u542c\u4f17\u5e2d\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u7a0d\u5fae\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u548c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6570\u6b21\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u7684\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u8bb0\u8005\u683c\u83b1\u514b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6587\u5b66\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6df7\u6c8c\uff1a\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u64ad\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7387\u5148\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u73b0\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5728\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u70ed\u4e2d\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u4f53\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u5927\u7ea2\u5927\u7d2b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u4e00\u540d\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8c01\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u771f\u5fc3\u5b9e\u610f\u5730\u611f\u8c22\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u81f4\u8c22\u5904\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201cThe writer is greatly indebted to Mrs. Margaret Hamilton for her assistance in performing the many numerical computations which were necessary in this work<\/span>\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u592b\u4eba\u534f\u52a9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09<\/span>.\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u865a\u5fc3\u505a\u6cd5\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u5458\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u660e\u661f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u3002
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\u4ece\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8bb0\u8005\u683c\u83b1\u514b\u7684\u7b14\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u201c\u50cf\u9971\u7ecf\u98ce\u971c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8001\u519c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u773c\u775b\u53c8\u662f\u51fa\u5947\u5730\u6709\u795e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u603b\u662f\u5728\u7b11\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u8c08\u8bba\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u503e\u542c\u522b\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002\u201d
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1961\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u56e0\u52a0\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5979\u8d70\u524d\u5f88\u8d1f\u8d23\u5730\u5e2e\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u9762\u8bd5\u5e76\u96c7\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8d39\u7279\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0a\u6781\u5176\u6210\u529f\u7684\u66f4\u5bbd\u5e7f\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u91d1\u8272\u7684\u5927\u9053\u7531\u4e8e\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e86\u98de\u5f80\u6708\u7403\u7684\u201c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u6218\u888d\u201d\u800c\u4f7f\u5979\u5168\u8eab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u201c\u91d1\u5149\u95ea\u95ea\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u8000\u773c\u7684\u5149\u8292\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5979\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u5bfc\u5e08\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002
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\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5f00\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6362\u5230\u4e86\u6797\u80af\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u52301963\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u5199\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u52a0\u5165\u4eea\u5668\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u63a2\u6708\u8ba1\u5212\u8058\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u9886\u5bfc\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u8f7d\u98de\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u804c\u52a1\u662f\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\u201d\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u201c\u73a9\u5177\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u51e0\u4eba\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u5374\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5411\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u519b\u7684\u5927\u53f7\u89d2\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40<\/span> (NASA)<\/span> \u7684\u5343\u4eba\u5927\u96c6\u56e2\u4e00\u6b21\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u63a2\u9669\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5f62\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u53cc\u91cd\u718f\u9676\u7684\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u88ab\u59d4\u4ee5\u91cd\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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1969\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57 11 \u53f7\u5b87\u822a\u5458\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717<\/span> (Neil Armstrong\uff0c1930-2012) <\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u8d70\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u6240\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u53ea\u805a\u7126\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u82f1\u96c4\u7537\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u59822016\u5e74\u4e00\u7bc7\u5361\u901a\u6587\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6240\u4e91\uff1a\u5979\u662f\u201c\u628a\u7537\u4eba\u9001\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\u7684\u5973\u4eba <\/span>(The woman who put a man on the moon)<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u4e3a\u9996\u9886\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u4e13\u95e8\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f5711\u53f7\u98de\u4e0d\u5230\u6708\u7403\uff0c\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u66f4\u8de8\u4e0d\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u8ba1\u5212\u7d27\u9523\u5bc6\u9f13\u8fdb\u884c\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u662f\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u8fd9\u6837\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u62ff\u6211\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u610f\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u786c\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u672f\u8bed\u201d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u8fde\u7ebf\u300b<\/span>(Wired) <\/span>\u4e5d\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5904\u4e8e\u6708\u7403\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e9\u671f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3001COBOL\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u683c\u857e\u4e1d\u00b7\u970d\u73c0\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5e2e\u52a9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u800c\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u5de8\u5927\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002\u201d \u970d\u73c0<\/span> (Grace Hopper\uff0c1906-1992) <\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f20\u5947\uff0c\u5979\u4e8e\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u8fc7\u201c\u4e03\u59d0\u59b9\u5973\u6821\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u74e6\u8428\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u671f\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u6d77\u519b\u7814\u53d1\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5b98\u62dc\u6d77\u519b\u5c11\u5c06\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea1986\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u83b7\u5956\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f2016\u5e74\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u603b\u7edf\u6388\u4e88\u5979\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u81ea\u7531\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8363\u8a89\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6307\u6325\u6253\u5370\u673a\u753b\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u50cf\u8774\u8776\u4e24\u4fa7\u7fc5\u8180\u3001\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u90a3\u5f20\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5979\u7684\u6c57\u9a6c\u529f\u52b3\u3002
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1961\u5e74\uff0c\u6070\u5728\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u5c06\u53bb\u6797\u80af\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u524d\uff0c\u8d39\u7279\u88ab\u5979\u62db\u8fdb\u6c14\u8c61\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u65b921\u5c81\u7684\u9752\u6625\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u521a\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u4e03\u59d0\u59b9\u5973\u6821\u8001\u5927\u59d0\u7684\u66fc\u8377\u83b2\u5b66\u9662<\/span> (Mount Holyoke College) <\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6838\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406LGP-30\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9762\u8bd5\u5979\u540e\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u8bf7\u5979\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e3a\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u6c14\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u3002
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\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u8d39\u7279\u8fdb\u5165\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6821\u56ed\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u7b2c24\u53f7\u697c\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u9012\u7ed9\u5979\u4e00\u672c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\u548c\u51e0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u8ba9\u5176\u5148\u7ec3\u7ec3\u5175\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5979\u5c31\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u8d39\u7279\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u88c5\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u4e00\u5f20\u9ec4\u8272\u7eb8\u7247\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\u62c9\u51fa\u5c0f\u7eb8\u7247\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf4\u2018\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2019\u3002\u201d\u5979\u548c\u5979\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u7528\u70ed\u60c5\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8c08\u8bba\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u8c26\u900a\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u5bb6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u5c31\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u611f\u8c22\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u91c7\u7528\u768412\u4e2a\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5bf9\u76f4\u51fb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8981\u5bb3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u70b9\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ece\u4e00\u4f4d\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8428\u5c14\u8328\u66fc<\/span> (Barry Saltzman\uff0c1932-2001) <\/span>\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5e93\u4e2d\u501f\u6765\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6d41\u65b9\u7a0b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70e7\u676f\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u52a0\u70ed\u5e76\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u51b7\u5374\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u57281963\u5e74\u88ab\u5370\u5728\u300a\u5927\u6c14\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u5185\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u67d0\u9875\u4e0a\u540e\uff0c\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u6210\u4e86\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u201c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u65b9\u7a0b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8d39\u7279\u7684\u81f4\u8c22\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u611f\u8c22\u4e86\u8428\u5c14\u8328\u66fc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u70e7\u676f\u4e2d\u6c34\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5750\u6807\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u548c\u8d39\u7279\u8ba9\u6253\u5370\u673a\u753b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u52a8\u70b9\u8f68\u8ff9\u56fe\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u50cf\u6781\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u8774\u8776\u7684\u53cc\u7fc5\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u66f2\u7ebf\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u201d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u6211\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5728\u90a3\u5bf9\u53cc\u7fc5\u5185\u90e8\u5411\u524d\u731b\u6e38\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u7a9c\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u6d41\u52a8\u70b9\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5316\u7fc5\u8180\u98de\u904d\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u540e\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5206\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5438\u5f15\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u548c\u8d39\u7279\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6d41\u65b9\u7a0b\u800c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u201d\u548c\u8774\u8776\u53cc\u7fc5\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u90a3\u7bc71963\u5e74\u95ee\u4e16\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u9898\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u6fc0\u53d1\u674e\u5929\u5ca9\u548c\u7ea6\u514b\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u73cd\u54c1\u201d\u300a\u5468\u671f\u4e09\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6df7\u6c8c\u300b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u84ec\u52c3\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u8ba9\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u540c\u6837\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u88ab\u671f\u520a\u63a5\u53d7\u53d1\u8868\u76841962\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c31\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5149\u8f89\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8d39\u7279\u4e0e\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4f18\u79c0\u7537\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u4e5f\u6210\u719f\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u4e0e\u5979\u7684\u5982\u610f\u90ce\u541b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5979\u4e5f\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4efd\u5979\u6240\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6548\u529b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec5\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5409\u5c14<\/span> (John Gille\uff0c1935-) <\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u53bb\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u8d39\u7279\u5728\u90a3\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u56de\u5f52\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u5230\u4e8670\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u5361\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u6c14\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e00\u540c\u8ddf\u53bb\u3002\u5409\u5c14\u592a\u592a\u5e0c\u671b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5979\u53bb\u4e86\u540c\u5904\u4e00\u57ce\u7684\u5361\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u5c14\u5fb7\u5206\u6821\u5145\u7535\uff0c\u5ff5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u66f4\u949f\u60c5\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u7a0e\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
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\u8d39\u7279\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u7531\u4e8e\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7cbe\u5fc3\u57f9\u517b\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5973\u513f\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u5409\u5c14<\/span> (Sarah Gille) <\/span>\u4e5f\u53bb\u4e86\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u6bcd\u6821\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u8ffd\u968f\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u53bb\u4e86\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u653b\u8bfb\u7269\u7406\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u597990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u65f6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e8e1983\u5e74\u7531\u6c14\u8c61\u7cfb\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6d77\u6d0b\u7cfb\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u7cfb\u201c\u5408\u4e09\u4e3a\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u540d\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5730\u7403\u3001\u5927\u6c14\u548c\u884c\u661f\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u5979\u7684\u201c\u672c\u7cfb\u5148\u8f88\u6559\u6388\u201d\u3002
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\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u5934\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e2d\u5fc3\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u7f57\u65af\u66fc\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u81f4\u8c22\u5904\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u964c\u751f\u7684\u201c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279\u5c0f\u59d0\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u7f51\u641c\u5bfb\u5979\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u770b\u52301963\u5e747\u6708\u5979\u548c\u65b0\u90ce\u767b\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u5a5a\u542f\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u672c\u7cfb\u6709\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u53eb\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7f57\u65af\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0a\u4e86\u838e\u62c9\uff0c\u65b9\u77e5\u5979\u662f\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d39\u7279\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u7ed3\u6676\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u838e\u62c9\u7684\u5f15\u8350\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u66fc\u4e5f\u548c\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7535\u8bdd\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u8d39\u7279\u5c0f\u59d0\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u6709\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u592a\u592a\u548c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4f20\u64ad\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5973\u82f1\u96c4\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u3002
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\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u8d39\u7279\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u5979\u5728\u672c\u79d1\u65f6\u4fee\u8bfb\u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u600e\u6837\u79d1\u5b66\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u73ed\u540c\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7adf\u662f\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5728\u90a3\u53f0LGP-30\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff01\u5230\u4e86\u5979\u5ff5\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4f19\u4f34\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u8d44\u683c\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u66fe\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u4f60\u6bcd\u4eb2\u89e3\u91ca\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\uff1f\u201d\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u838e\u62c9\u6709\u7406\u7531\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u5979\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5bf9\u90a3\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\u7684\u5988\u5988\u4f1a\u5411\u5979\u5168\u76d8\u6258\u51fa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521dLGP-30\u65c1\u7684\u6253\u5370\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u753b\u51fa\u90a3\u5bf9\u6f02\u4eae\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u8774\u8776\u7fc5\u8180\u5417\uff1f
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\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e5d\u5929\u63fd\u6708\u201d\u5b8f\u56fe\u5fd9\u5f97\u65e0\u6687\u56de\u5fc6\u5f80\u4e8b\uff0c\u8d39\u7279\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5979\u66fe\u4eb2\u624b\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5 \u201c\u5dee\u4e4b\u6beb\u5398\u5931\u4e4b\u5343\u91cc\u201d \u4e4b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5f6c\u5f6c\u6709\u793c\u7684\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u591a\u4e48\u51fa\u540d\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u5728\u800b\u5bff\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6602\u5229\u00b7\u5e9e\u52a0\u83b1<\/span> (Henri Poincar\u00e9\uff0c1854-1912) <\/span>\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u5b55\u80b2\uff0c\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u4e2d\u7834\u571f\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7532\u5b50\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6df7\u6c8c\u5927\u5730\u201c\u5f15\u65e0\u6570\u82f1\u96c4\u7ade\u6298\u8170\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u3001\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4eba\u7269\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8c\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u63d0\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u6885\u5c14<\/span> (Stephen Smale\uff0c1930-)<\/span>\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885<\/span> (Robert May\uff0c1936-2020)<\/span>\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7ea6\u514b<\/span> (James Yorke\uff0c1941-)<\/span>\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u674e\u5929\u5ca9<\/span> (1945-2020)<\/span>\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u5207\u5c14\u00b7\u8d39\u6839\u9c8d\u59c6<\/span> (Michelle Feigenbaum\uff0c1944-2019)<\/span>\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f2f\u52aa\u74e6\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u52c3\u7f57<\/span> (Benoit Mandelbrot\uff0c1924-2010) <\/span>\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u6020\u6162\u751a\u81f3\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5f88\u6770\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5f88\u666e\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002\u597d\u5728\u6709\u7684\u9057\u61be\u4e4b\u5904\u5df2\u88ab\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5f25\u8865\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n


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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8001\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u68ee<\/span> (Freeman Dyson\uff0c1923-2020) <\/span>\u5728\u4ed62009\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u9e1f\u4e0e\u86d9\u300b(Birds and Frogs)\u4e2d\u4e0d\u541d\u7b14\u58a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u540c\u80de\u3001\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u58eb\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5361\u7279\u5229\u7279 <\/span>(Mary Cartwright\uff0c1900-1998) <\/span>\u201c\u6253\u62b1\u4e0d\u5e73\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u6bd4\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u65e9\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5728\u4e3a\u519b\u65b9\u5206\u6790\u96f7\u8fbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d21\u732e\u6570\u5b66\u624d\u534e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8c\u9636\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5e38\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u201c\u5947\u602a\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e66\u5199\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u867d\u7136\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u89c6\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\u683c\u83b1\u514b\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u9500\u552e\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7\u767e\u4e07\u518c\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u6df7\u6c8c\uff1a\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u91cc\u53ea\u5b57\u4e0d\u63d0\u674e\u5929\u5ca9\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u674e-\u7ea6\u514b\u5b9a\u7406\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e66\u672b\u7684\u7b2c69\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca\u91cc\u624d\u6324\u51fa\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff1aWritten with his student Tien-Yien Li<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u674e\u5929\u5ca9\u5408\u5199\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u674e\u5929\u5ca9\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u7406\uff1f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u662f\u7ea6\u514b\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u731c\u60f3\u5982\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u4e86\u5219\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u662f\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u9a6c<\/span> (Pierre de Fermat\uff0c1607-1665) <\/span>\u5728350\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b9a\u7406\u201d\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u51fa\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b49\u5230\u6000\u5c14\u65af <\/span>(Andrew Wiles\uff0c1953-) <\/span>\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u96be\u9053\u6570\u5b66\u754c\u53ea\u8ba4\u540c\u8d39\u9a6c\u731c\u6d4b\u4e86\u5b83\u800c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u6000\u5c14\u65af\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6000\u5c14\u65af\u83b7\u5956\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u4f1a\u8fc4\u4eca\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8d21\u732e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5f31\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5b87\u79f0\u5b88\u6052\u5f8b\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5434\u5065\u96c4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u7acbDNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e3b\u89d2\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u8fd8\u662f\u8d39\u7279\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u524d\u4e00\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u4e24\u5e74\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u521a\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u5979\u4eec\u6293\u4f4f\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u6570\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5747\u5f88\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u3002\u5e78\u4e8f\u5979\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6548\u529b\u7684\u6559\u6388\u662f\u4e2a\u8c26\u8c26\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u6781\u5177\u7ec5\u58eb\u98ce\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4f5c\u6210\u6587\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u540e\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u611f\u8c22\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8c01\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u66fe\u4e3a\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6839\u6869\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u548c\u8d39\u7279\u5148\u540e\u4e3a\u6d1b\u4f26\u8328\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u5f15\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u91cf\u5b50\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e24\u4f4d\u5973\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u65f6\u4ee3\u90a3\u6837\u201c\u5355\u6253\u72ec\u6597\u201d\u7684\u5929\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u7269\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u8fd8\u662f\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5973\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6863\u6848\u91cc\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u8005\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1. Joshua Sokol\uff0c\u201cThe hidden heroines of chaos,\u201d Quanta Magazine\uff0cMay 20\uff0c2019.<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5b8c\u66f4\uff1a\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u7279\u522b\u7b56\u5212\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u5b66\u5458\u8d70\u8fd1\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u7c7b\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9080\u8bf79\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u6df7\u6c8c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u5b66\u8005\u62c5\u4efb\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u7531\u8457\u540d\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u9648\u5173\u8363\u9886\u8854\u3002\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u90e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f55\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b66\u5458\u7fa4\u7b54\u7591\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u5bfc\u5e08\u4eec\u68b3\u7406\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u8d44\u6599\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\uff01
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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u5217\u79d1\u666e\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\uff1f<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u9648\u5173\u8363\uff1a\u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f | \u6df7\u6c8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.<\/strong> \u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u6545\u4e8b | \u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u5e0c\u5c14\u5c3c\u79d1\u592b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u53c9\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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6.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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