{"id":43085,"date":"2023-06-12T23:34:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-12T15:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=43085"},"modified":"2023-06-12T23:34:42","modified_gmt":"2023-06-12T15:34:42","slug":"%e8%b6%85%e8%b6%8a%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e9%80%82%e5%ba%94%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=43085","title":{"rendered":"\u8d85\u8d8a\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mirta Galesic\u7b49<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5218\u5fd7\u822a<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n

Beyond collective intelligence: Collective adaptation <\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a <\/p>\n

https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsif.2022.0736<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08collective adaptation\uff09<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\u548c2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08adaptive landscapes\uff0c\u6307\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u80cc\u666f\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e00\u7ec4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u666f\u89c2\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u7a33\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5728\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25[9]\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u201c\u521d\u521b\u201d\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be[10]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5373\u8bc4\u4f30\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u9759\u6001\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u667a\u6167\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u806a\u660e[11,12]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49[13,14]\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u96c6\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u6536\u655b\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u5185\u751f\u548c\u5916\u751f\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6b63\u5982Gupta \u548c Woolley \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837[15]\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547c\u5401\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u56de\u5e94\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7 \u897f\u8499<\/span>\uff08Herbert Simon\uff09<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u5373\u8d85\u8d8a\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u9759\u6001\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[16,17]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u671d\u7740\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u96c6\u4f53\u8f68\u8ff9\u671d\u7740\u6709\u65f6\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5408\u7406\u6027[18,19]\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u8ba4\u77e5\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff0c\u4e13\u680f1\u548c2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4e13\u680f3\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u3001\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u680f1. \u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff08swarm intelligence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u5386\u53f2[20]\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u4ee5\u770b\u4f3c\u806a\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d[20]\u548c\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u529b\u201d[12]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf[15]\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027[21]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b[22]\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66[23\u201325]\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66[11,26\u201328]\u3001\u5546\u4e1a[29,30]\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d44\u672c\u7ba1\u7406[31]\u548c\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406[32,33]\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u529b\u91cf[34]\uff0c\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97[35]\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66[36]\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66[37]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\uff08social learning\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60[38\u201340]\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\u548c\u914d\u5076\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d[39\u201341]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u732e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u7814\u7a76[42,43]\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u542c\u4ece\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u79ef\u7d2f\u5355\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1[44]\uff1b\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u98df\u6e90\u6216\u671d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fc1\u5f99[45]\uff1b\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u504f\u597d[46]\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u5355\u72ec\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u68af\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08environmental gradients\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94[47]\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u7ebf[48]\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f[49]\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u4f53\u9a8c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u53d1\u6743\u8861\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76[50,51]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6d89\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66[54]\uff0c\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5[55\u201358]\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4ef7\u503c[59]\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4e5f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76[60]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167\uff08wisdom of crowds\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u80dc\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u5b54\u591a\u585e<\/span>\uff08Condorcet\uff09<\/span>[61]\u548c\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f<\/span>\uff08Galton\uff09<\/span>[62]\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5230\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76[63]\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66[64]\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66[65]\u3001\u9884\u6d4b[66]\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66[67]\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b[68]\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66[69]\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66[70]\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5305\u62ec\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c[71\u201373]\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027[63,74]\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784[75]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u535a\u5f08\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u89c1\u89e3\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u9002\u5e94\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6846\u67b6[76,77]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdb\u5316\u535a\u5f08\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6a21\u578b[78]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u56f0\u5883\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u6a21\u578b[79,80]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGonzalez \u7b49\u4eba[50]\u4f7f\u7528\u56da\u5f92\u56f0\u5883\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u51b3\u7b56\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u53cc\u4eba\u7ec4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cMoreira \u7b49\u4eba[81]\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7fa4\u4f53\u601d\u7ef4<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7fa4\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a[82]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf[83,84]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u5ff5\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b[85\u201390]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff09<\/span>\u6bd4\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5bfc\u81f4\u6781\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5076\u5c14\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u5f39\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e13\u680f2. \u5e76\u884c\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5df2\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66[108,109]\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66[110]\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4ece\u4f17\u73b0\u8c61[111]\uff09\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66[112]\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b[113]\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66[114]\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316[115]\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u4e60[116]\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66[117]\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66[118]\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66[119]\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66[85]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6bd4\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u201d\u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u89c4\u5219[120]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u5b54\u591a\u585e\u57281785\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u9879\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u968f\u7740\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7d2f\u79ef\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982[121]\u548c[122]\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1[123]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6[124]\uff0c\u5f53\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316[115]\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66[57]\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66[85]\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66[119]\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5177\u6709\u79bb\u6563\u9009\u9879\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66[124]\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66[125]\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66[11]\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982[90,126-132]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u52a8\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u91cf\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u91c7\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5219\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u6781\u5316\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u72c2\u70ed\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5982\u865a\u5047\u5171\u8bc6[133,134]\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53cb\u8c0a\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u542b\u4e49[135,136]\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c[137,138]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u680f3. \u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6027\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u7d22\u4efb\u52a1\u666f\u89c2\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u5f81\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982[153,174]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u63d0\u5230\u56db\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7279\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u5305\u56f4[192]\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\/\u6216\u5171\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8868\u9762\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u865a\u5047\u5171\u8bc6\u6216\u865a\u5047\u72ec\u7279\u6027[194]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u7387\u7684\u6574\u5408\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8[195]\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9002\u5e94\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u89c4\u8303[196]\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u613f\u610f\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u653f\u7b56[197]\u3002\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981[198,199]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u201c\u53cb\u8c0a\u6096\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08the friendship paradox\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u4e0a\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u52a0\u8054\u901a<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[135,  200,  201]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u65e2\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5373\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u793e\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u663e\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u660e\u786e\u5305\u542b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u867d\u7136\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[153,  202,  203]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92[204]\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6b63\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b[183,  205]\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5e74\u9f84\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5782\u76f4\u201d\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u4ee3\u9645\u4f20\u9012\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u659c\u5411\u201d\u4f20\u9012[206]\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u8c61\u968f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u770b\u62a4\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u548c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5219\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60[207-209]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u5dee\u5f02\u6700\u8fd1\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u76f8\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b[210]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u907f\u514d\u5404\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u8bc4\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u6613\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u5174\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bef\u5bfc\u548c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6781\u5316\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6d89\u53ca\u53d1\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u666f\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ecf\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7a7a\u95f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5d0e\u5c96\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u5927\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u504f\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[212,213]\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u7b80\u5355\u6536\u76ca\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u5d0e\u5c96\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u66f4\u6162\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca[167,168,185,187,214,215]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u7ee9\u6548\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u9879\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u66f4\u6216\u5c11\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u660e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8f83\u77ed\u4e14\u590d\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u8f83\u5608\u6742\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6210\u529f[50,51]\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5305\u62ec\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f[80]\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5206\u914d[216]\u3001\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027[217]\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6[218]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u7531\u5168\u7403\u73af\u5883\u7684\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u548c\u666e\u904d\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5168\u7403\u73af\u5883\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u6570\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u522b\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9650\u5236\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u62e5\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u56fe2\u7684\u6f2b\u753b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6700\u597d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u89e3\u51b3<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u666f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u56de\u62a5<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684time1\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u96c6\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5b83\u5c06\u4f7f\u96c6\u4f53\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5728\u95ee\u98981\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[187]\u3002\u5728time2 \u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u5185\u751f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u95ee\u98982\u73b0\u5728\u53d8\u5f97\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u589e\u5f3a\u95ee\u98982\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653b\u51fb\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u5feb\u901f\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u8f93[219]\u3002\u5728\u56fe2\u7684time3\u4e2d\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u518d\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u95ee\u98983\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u6c14\u5019\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u96c6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u5168\u7403\u534f\u8c03\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u201c\u6f02\u6d6e\u201d\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u6210\u5458\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb6\u5ead\u5230\u56e2\u961f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\u662f\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u5361\u901a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u522b\u6cbf\u7740\u5355\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4f4e\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\u201d\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u5c71\u810a\u201d\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5e94\u5cf0\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5e94\u5cf0[220,221]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u751f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u666f\u89c2\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u50cf\u201c\u6d77\u666f\u201d[222]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u6bd4\u55bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u601d\u8003\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u6709\u7528\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027[223,224]\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u96c6\u4f53\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9677\u5165\u666f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6d77\u666f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u8f68\u8ff9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u9002\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9002\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f18\u5316\u5355\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u6027\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u77ed\u89c6\u548c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56db\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u77ed\u89c6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67d0\u79cd\u6574\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u7387\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u9075\u5faa\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u4eca\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b83\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u6b21\u4f18\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u9636\u6bb5\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u8f83\u65e7\u3001\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6[226]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u548c\u4e09\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0a\u3002\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u666f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u96c6\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565[40]\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u5bf9\u53d1\u80b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u5207\u6362<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6000\u5b55\u65f6\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u975e\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u80b2\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4f34\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7236\u6bcd\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u7f6e[227]\uff0c\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53d1\u73b0\u590d\u5236\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u76ca\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\uff1b[228]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316[229,230]\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u591a\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540e\u671f\u548c\u56de\u62a5\u8f83\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd[37,231-233]\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a2\u7d22\u6bd4\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u6709\u7528[51]\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4f20\u64ad[234-237]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u6216\u60c5\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4f20\u8bf4\u6216\u95f2\u8bdd\u6bd4\u4e0d\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5f97\u66f4\u597d[238,239]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u66f4\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u6574\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u8eab\u5236\u9020\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6837\u5316\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u4e34\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f46\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u6743\u5229\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u96be\u5efa\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u6539\u53d8\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[240]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565[241]\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u7b56\u7565[242]\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7ade\u4e89\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2a\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u9ad8\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u6bd4\u4e2a\u4f53\u72ec\u81ea\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d[217]\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u73b0[74,243]\u3002\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u66f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c11\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8f83\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d[167,214,244]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u96be\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u5e9f\u9664\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u9694\u79bb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5230\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ebf\u7d22\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u771f\u5047\u4fe1\u606f[245]\uff0c\u5e76\u9002\u5f53\u5224\u65ad\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6[244,246]\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8868\u73b0[155]\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1[247]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56[185,187]\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5206\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u66f4\u51c6\u786e[11,70,125]\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u7fa4\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d[74]\u3002\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6c47\u96c6\u672a\u5171\u4eab\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[59]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898[3]\uff0c\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6781\u5316\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u793e\u4ea4\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u52a0\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u7d27\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u6e05\u9664\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4fb5\u5165\u8005\u5e76\u52a0\u901f\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41[248,249]\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784[96]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6781\u5316\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6c14\u5019\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898[250]\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u96c6\u4f53\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff09<\/span>[251]\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5851\u9020\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528[252]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ebf\u7d22[247,253]\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u7d22\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5148\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u793e\u4ea4\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u6709\u4f18\u52bf[170]\u3002\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6587\u5316\u89c4\u8303<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u6216\u5e73\u5747\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u5982\u8ddf\u968f\u9886\u5bfc\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u7f51\u7edc[254]\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u5171\u540c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1b[214]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4efb\u52a1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u7c7b\u522b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9884\u6d4b\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\/\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u80fd\u529b[263]\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u7248\u672c[264,265]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u8303\u5f0f\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5019\u9009\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5185\u751f\u548c\u5916\u751f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4ece\u77ac\u95f4\u5230\u591a\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a[247,273,274]\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u62df\u96c6\u4f53\u5728\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u77ac\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565[91,115,116,206,275]\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u63ed\u793a\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316[205,278]\u3001\u901a\u624d\u6216\u4e13\u624d\u95ee\u9898\u73af\u5883[279]\u548c\u5408\u4f5c[280]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861[154,155]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u51b3\u7b56\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u901a\u4fe1\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u591a\u81c2\u8001\u864e\u673a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21[281,282]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u540c\u65f6\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5[87,283\u2013285]\uff0c\u5982\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03<\/span>\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span>\uff08\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8868\u793a<\/span>\uff08\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e17\u6d41[286]\u3001\u6269\u6563[287]\u3001\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u65b9\u6cd5[288]\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66[289]\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7c7b\u6bd4\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66[290,291]\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u5143\u7ea7\u7b56\u7565\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u5728\u6574\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u6a21\u62df\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u73af\u5883\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f Tump \u7b49\u4eba[170]\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6f02\u79fb\u6269\u6563\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u672c\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6f02\u79fb\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f Cooney \u7b49\u4eba[292]\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u590d\u5236\u8005\u65b9\u7a0b\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u6846\u67b6\u5c06\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u516d\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u667a\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u9759\u6001\u95ee\u9898\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u5f80\u5f80\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u4e2d\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u601d\u4e3a\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u540e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6574\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u63a2\u7d22\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u5efa\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u96c6\u4f53\u6709\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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