{"id":43232,"date":"2023-06-19T18:48:35","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T10:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=43232"},"modified":"2023-06-19T18:48:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T10:48:35","slug":"%e5%ae%89%e5%be%b7%e6%a3%ae%e5%9b%9b%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%af%b9%e7%a7%b0%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%b4%e7%bc%ba%e5%88%b0%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=43232","title":{"rendered":"\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u56db\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4ece\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u5230\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Philip Anderson\uff09\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3001\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\uff08frustrated random functions\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027\uff08generalized rigidity\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u56db\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u73b0\u4efb\u6240\u957f David Krakauer \u64b0\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd1\u671f\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n


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David C. Krakauer<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u5fd7\u822a<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span>
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  <\/strong><\/span>\u6881\u91d1<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91
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Symmetry\u2013simplicity, broken symmetry\u2013complexity<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2022.0075<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6f14\u5316
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\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5f53\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u65f6\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5f53\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u6001<\/span>\uff08ground states\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u6267\u884c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Philip Anderson\uff09<\/span>\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a<\/span>\uff08broken symmetry\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3001\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08frustrated random functions\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027<\/span>\uff08generalized rigidity\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u56db\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002David Krakauer \u64b0\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd1\u671f\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u88c5\u9970\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u7ed3\u675f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u548c\u5176\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\u539f\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u666e\u904d\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014Symmetry. Herman Weyl.<\/span><\/section>\n

\u201c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u65e5\u5e38\u4e16\u754c\u7684’Aufbauprinzips(\u7ed3\u6784\u539f\u5219)’\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u94a6\u4f69 Frohlich \u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u6211\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u94c1\u7535\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6211\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u662f\u201c\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u201d\uff08more is different\uff09<\/span>\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u660e\u663e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014A Career in Theoretical Physics. Philip Anderson.<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u5916\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Herman Weyl\uff09<\/span>1952\u5e74\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u5bf9\u79f0\u300b<\/span>\uff08Symmetry<\/em>\uff09<\/span>[1]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5916\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e0e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65f6\u7a7a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3001\u8bfa\u7279\u5b9a\u7406\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c06\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269\u2014\u2014\u666e\u9002\u6cd5\u5219<\/span>\uff08universal laws\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fdd\u5b88\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u70b9\u7fa4\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u9149\u7fa4<\/span>\uff08unitary group\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u6362\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u5bf9\u79f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5730\u7ec4\u88c5\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1. \u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u5916\u5c14\u300a\u5bf9\u79f0\u300b<\/span>
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\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Philip Anderson\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6e90\u81ea\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7c92\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u6bd5\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u539f\u5219\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5176\u5b8f\u89c2\u4ea7\u7269\u6240\u6db5\u76d6\u30021977\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u78c1\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u5e8f\u4f53\u7cfb\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57281972\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u53cd\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f<\/a>\u300b<\/span>\uff08More is Different\uff09<\/span> [2]\u3002\u5728\u901a\u5411\u201c\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u201d\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u77e5\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08epistemic project\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4fc3\u6210\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u57281984\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u901a\u5f80\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u516b\u91cd\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u5e8f\u7ae0\u300b<\/span>\uff08The eightfold way to the theory of complexity: a prologue\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u4e8e1994\u5e74[3]\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u76d6\u5c14\u66fc\u7684\u5f3a\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u516b\u91cd\u9053\u5206\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08Eightfold Way\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u81f4\u656c\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5728\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u5bf9\u79f0\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u56db\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u62ec\uff1a(i) \u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6216\u7f29\u653e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u8d28\uff0c(ii) \u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c(iii) \u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca (iv) \u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u56db\u539f\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u8017\u6563\u6027\u6216\u9a71\u52a8\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u51c6\u5e73\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6b64\u7c7b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5728\u300a\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u300b\u5f00\u5934\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6c28\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6c28\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\uff08NH3\uff09<\/span>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u72b6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u5927\u7ea6300\u4ebf\u6b21\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u8f6c\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f<\/span>\uff08\u6c28\u5206\u5b50\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u662f\u5b87\u79f0parity\uff0c\u5373\u7a7a\u95f4\u53cd\u6f14\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u6c28\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6c28\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6784\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u96a7\u7a7f\u52bf\u5792\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5b9a\u6001\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0e\u652f\u914d\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u7a0d\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u78f7\u5316\u6c22<\/span>\uff08PH3\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u81f3\u5c11\u6162\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u800c\u4e09\u6c1f\u5316\u78f7<\/span>\uff08PF3\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u53cd\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u81f3\u5c11\u518d\u6162\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u5f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b87\u79f0\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u8d8a\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7b80\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8d85\u8d8a\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6709\u6548\u5730\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0cBuhse \u7b49\u4eba[4]\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u624b\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e0e\u624b\u6027\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6709\u504f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5206\u5c94\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u955c\u50cf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u88ab\u73af\u5883\u624b\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a8\u5411\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u624b\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6d41\u4f53\u6da1\u65cb\u548c\u504f\u632f\u5149\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u57281994\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u601d\u8003\u300b<\/span>\uff08Some general thoughts about broken symmetry<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d[5]\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6717\u9053<\/span>\uff08Landau\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>[6]\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u7b80\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5bf9\u76f8\u53d8\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6717\u9053\u8868\u660e\u201c\u4ece\u6676\u4f53\u5411\u6db2\u4f53\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u90fd\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u6216\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u6309Ehrenfest\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u7269\u4f53\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u76f8\u53d8\u4e00\u6837\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u671d\u5411\u66f4\u4f4e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u6db2\u6676\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5747\u5300\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u53d8\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e8f\u53c2\u91cf\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6717\u9053\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e8f\u53c2\u91cf\u5e94\u6e90\u81ea\u5bf9\u5bf9\u79f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u770b\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u6000\u75911994\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u76f8\u53d8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u8fc5\u901f\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u5230\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u8be5\u76f8\u53d8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7834\u7f3a\u5bf9\u79f0\uff08\u589e\u52a0\u65e0\u5e8f\uff09\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6676\u4f53\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4ecd\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u5747\u5300\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u2018\u8f7d\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u6027\u2019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201d\u540e\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5728\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u300b<\/span>\uff08What is Life?\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6676\u4f53\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u81f4\u656c[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

1. \u6d8c\u73b0\uff08\u6027\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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\u5728\u300a\u591a\u8005\u5f02\u4e5f\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u5217\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0cX\u5217\u548cY\u5217\u3002\u5728X\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u9075\u5faaY\u5217\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cX<\/span>\uff08\u5316\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u9075\u5faaY<\/span>\uff08\u591a\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0cX<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u9075\u5faaY<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u201c\u9075\u5faa\u201d\u548c\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d<\/span>\uff08 \u2018obey\u2019 and \u2018determine\u2019 \uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u9650\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e0b\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505c\u6b62\u8c08\u8bba\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7d2f\u79ef\u81ea\u7531\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8003\u592b\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Kauffman\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u63a7\u5236\u56de\u8def<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u7a33\u5b9a\u5206\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u89c4\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c4\u5219\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7279\u70b9[9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u53d1\u73b0 Laughlin \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c[10]\u662f\u5bf9\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u300b<\/span>\uff08The middle way<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4ecb\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8d85\u8d8a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\u201d<\/span>\uff08protected states\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u3001\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u2018\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u2018\u6027\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u7ec6\u8282\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e09\u6c1f\u5316\u78f7\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u96a7\u7a7f\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982DNA\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u4fee\u6b63\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6700\u597d\u662f\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6216\u9c81\u68d2\u6027[11]\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u6270\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5c4f\u853d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6548\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c4f\u853d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u539f\u672c\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0 RNA \u548c DNA \u6240\u9700\u7684\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

2. \u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
1983\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u5bf9\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u524d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u300b<\/span>\uff08Suggested model for prebiotic evolution: the use of chaos<\/em>\uff09<\/span>[12]\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u522b\u6709\u542f\u793a\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u51bb\u7ed3\u6da8\u843d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25<\/span>\uff08Prigogine\uff09<\/span>\u57281978\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6da8\u843d\u300b<\/span>\uff08Time, structure and fluctuations<\/em>\uff09<\/span>[13]\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6709\u5173\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u79e9\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6da1\u65cb\u3002\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u79e9\u5e8f\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Boltzmann\u2019s equilibrium order principle\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f2\u70b9\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u9a71\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e72\u6001<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u80fd\u91cf\u4ea4\u6362\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u8868\u5f81\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u5f81\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5bf9\u8868\u9762\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u654f\u611f\u6027\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u969c\u788d<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u521a\u6027\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5e73\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u51dd\u805a\u51fa\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u7a33\u6001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u6765\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5173\u952e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5c06\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u5019\u9009\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u884c\u201d\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f46\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c06\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6e90\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6700\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u5019\u9009\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u65cb\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u79ef\u5206Jij<\/sub><\/span> \u662f\u53d8\u91cf (i,j) \u7684\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u77e9\u9635j\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u201d\uff08frustrated random functions<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e14\u72b6\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u51c6\u7a33\u6001\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u751f\u957f\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u4e92\u8865\u78b1\u57fa\u914d\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u968f\u673a\u573a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u65cb\u72b6\u6001\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u504f\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5217\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u7531 Hopfield \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5bfb\u5740\u8bb0\u5fc6[14]\u3002Hopfield \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u53d7\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7b80\u5e76\u57fa\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6765\u6e90<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u57281987\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\u300b<\/span>\uff08Spin glass Hamiltonians: a bridge between biology, statistical mechanics, and computer science<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d[15]\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\u5728 N\u2192\u221e \u6781\u9650\u4e0b\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u7834\u904d\u5386\u6027\uff0c\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u88ab  N^p \uff08\u5176\u4e2d p < 1<\/span>\uff09\u9636\u80fd\u91cf\u52bf\u5792\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u6da8\u843d\u201c\u51bb\u7ed3\u201d\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

3. \u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7531\u5c0f\u6ce2\u5230\u5e73\u5747\u72b6\u6001\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027[13]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ce2\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u957f\u5230\u53d7\u7cfb\u7edf\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u66f4\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u81ea\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c14\u65cb\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548cB-Z\u632f\u8361\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u58f0\u79f0\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u751f\u7269\u7c7b\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[16]\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7efc\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5f62\u6001\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684\u654f\u9510\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5fae\u5999\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u2014\u2014\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027[5]\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5176\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u662f\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8df3\u86a4\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5927\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u590d\u5408\u7269\u5728\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u751f\u6210\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u201d\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u8fdc\u3002\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6700\u521d\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075<\/span>\uff08Alan Turing\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d[17]\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5bf9\u57df\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6781\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5fae\u8c03\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9a7b\u6ce2\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5f62\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5f53\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8c03\u8282<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[18]\u548c[19]\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9c7c\u76ae\u7684\u6761\u6591\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u975e\u8017\u6563\u6027\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6765\u6e90\u6765\u514b\u670d\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ce2\u957f[20]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8017\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u51dd\u805a\u6210\u51c6\u5e73\u8861\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7531\u6da8\u843d\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u9057\u4f20\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u5de9\u56fa[21]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u6591\u56fe<\/span>\uff08pattern\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u957f\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u79ef\u6591\u56fe\u53d1\u6325\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7528\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

4. \u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u521a\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u56fa\u4f53\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u673a\u68b0\u5e94\u529b\u65f6\u62b5\u6297\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u53ef\u6613\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u529b\u56fe\u300b<\/span>\uff08On reciprocal figures and diagrams of forces<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u521a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u521a\u4f53\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u5173[22]\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4ece\u53f0\u7403\u3001\u5f39\u7c27\u548c\u6760\u6746\uff0c\u5230\u52a8\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u521a\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u67d4\u6027\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u949f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    Schr\u00f6dinger E, Penrose R. 2012 What is life? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5bfc\u8bed \u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Philip Anderson\uff09\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3001\u963b\u632b\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\uff08frustrated random functions\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u521a\u6027\uff08generalize…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":43227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43232"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=43232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}