{"id":44381,"date":"2023-08-05T18:15:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-05T10:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44381"},"modified":"2023-08-05T18:15:09","modified_gmt":"2023-08-05T10:15:09","slug":"%e4%bc%8f%e7%89%b9%e6%98%af%e7%94%b5%e5%8e%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%95%e4%bd%8d%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%98%e6%9c%89%e5%91%a2%ef%bc%9f%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44381","title":{"rendered":"\u4f0f\u7279\u662f\u7535\u538b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201c\u4f0f\u7279\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u957f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u6731\u585e\u4f69\u00b7\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u963f\u7eb3\u65af\u5854\u897f\u5965\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279<\/span>\uff08Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta\uff0c1745\u5e742\u670818\u65e5 \u2013 1827\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cVolta<\/span>\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u53d1\u97f3\uff1a\u4f0f\u6253\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u59d3\uff0cAlessandro\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\uff0c\u800cGiuseppe Antonio Anastasio\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4ee5\u53ca\u7956\u7236\u548c\u4f2f\u7236\u6216\u6bcd\u4eb2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u79f0\u8c13\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u8981\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279\u201d<\/span>\uff08Alessandro Volta\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1  \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279\uff08\u626b\u63cf\u8096\u50cf\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f0f\u7279\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8Lombardy\u5730\u533aComo\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002Como\u5e02\u662f\u4e2a\u98ce\u666f\u80dc\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176Como Lake\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u7236\u4eb2<\/span>\uff08Filippo Volta\uff0c1692\u20131752\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2<\/span>\uff08Donna Maria Maddalena Inzaghi, 1714\u20131782\uff09<\/span>\u5171\u517b\u80b2\u67096\u4e2a\u5b50\u5973\uff1aGiovanni\u3001Marianna\u3001Luigi\u3001Gian Domenico\u3001Alessandro\u548cChiara\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u5927\u591a\u4ece\u4e8b\u795e\u804c\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1763 \u5e74\uff0c18\u5c81\u7684\u4f0f\u7279\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u8d1d\u00b7\u8bfa\u83b1<\/span>\uff08Abb\u00e9 J. A. Nollet\uff0c1700\u20131770\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8c08\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7535\u529b\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9Turin\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9759\u7535\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u74e6\u5c3c\u00b7\u8d1d\u5361\u91cc\u4e9a <\/span>\uff08Giovanni B. Beccaria\uff0c1716\u20131781\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7535\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8d1d\u5361\u91cc\u4e9a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5fe0\u544a\u662f\u8981\u591a\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u94ed\u8bb0\u4e8e\u5fc3\u30021769 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u7535\u706b\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the forces of attraction of electric fire\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u5728 1774 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3aComo\u7687\u5bb6\u795e\u5b66\u9662<\/span>\uff08Royal Seminary\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u9759\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7535\u6cf3\u4eea<\/span>\uff08electrophorus\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4eea\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e00\u5757\u91d1\u5c5e\u677f\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u786c\u5316\u6811\u8102\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e1d\u5e03\u64e6\u62ed\u6811\u8102\u4f7f\u5176\u5e26\u7535\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u5757\u91d1\u5c5e\u677f\u653e\u5728\u5176\u9876\u90e8\u8ba9\u5b83\u5e26\u7535\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9876\u677f\u79fb\u9664\u4ee4\u5b83\u7684\u7535\u8377\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u56de\u6811\u8102\u4e0a\u8ba9\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u5e26\u7535\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u628a\u5b83\u79fb\u9664\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7535\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f0f\u7279\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u88ab\u5b66\u9662\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1776\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5e76\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7532\u70f7<\/span>\uff08methane\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u5bb9\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a eudiometer\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u6765\u70b9\u71c3\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u51b7\u51dd\u9a8c\u7535\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u6cf3\u4eea\u68c0\u6d4b\u5c11\u91cf\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u6c14\u4f53\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\u5bb9\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u71c3\u5316\u8ba1\uff0c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u81a8\u80c0\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u8ba9\u9759\u7535\u901a\u8fc7\u7edd\u7f18\u94c1\u7535\u7f06\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u5bb9\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d<\/span>\uff08Volta’s Law of Capacitance\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u52bf\u548c\u7535\u8377\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1779\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u9080\u5230\u4e86Pavia\u5927\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u4efb\u804c\u8fd1 40 \u5e74\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u5f53\u8fc7\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u57281780\u20131790\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u8d44\u52a9\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u591a\u56fd\u5f00\u5c55\u8c03\u7814\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u4ec0<\/span>\uff08Henry Cavendish\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797<\/span>\uff08Benjamin Franklin\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b89\u6258\u5c3c\u00b7\u62c9\u74e6\u9521\uff08Antoine Lavoisier\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229<\/span>\uff08Joseph Priestley\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14-\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af<\/span>\uff08Pierre-Simon Laplace\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u514b\u6d1b\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d1d\u6258\u83b1<\/span>\uff08Claude Berthollet\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7ea6\u745f\u592b-\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5<\/span>\uff08Joseph-Louis Lagrange\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u7279<\/span>\uff08James Watt\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1782\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\uff0c1791\u5e74\u53c8\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1791 \u5e74\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8def\u6613\u5409\u00b7\u52a0\u5c14\u74e6\u5c3c<\/span>\uff08Luigi Galvani\uff0c1737\u20131798\uff09<\/span>\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76ae\u9752\u86d9\u7684\u817f\u808c\u8089\u76f8\u8fde\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u86d9\u817f\u62bd\u6410\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u74e6\u5c3c\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7535\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u7269\u7535\u201d\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9752\u86d9\u817f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u5bfc\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u6b21\u5e74\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u4ec5\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5728\u820c\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0d\u540c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fae\u5f31\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u7535\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002\u90a3\u6b21\u4e89\u8bba\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u56e01800\u5e74\u201c\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u800c\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u6c60\u672c\u8eab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u786e\u662f\u7531\u91d1\u5c5e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u74e6\u5c3c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u70b9\u5206\u6b67\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u4f24\u5927\u96c5\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u4f73\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1794\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u7535\u5b66\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u5229\u5956\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Copley Medal\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c49\u5c81\u7684\u4f0f\u7279\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f2f\u7235\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3001\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u4f69\u96f7\u683c\u91cc\u5c3c<\/span>\uff08Donna Maria Alonsa Teresa Peregrini\uff0c1764\u20131841\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\u3002\u592b\u5987\u4fe9\u517b\u80b2\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\uff1aZanino<\/span>\uff081795\u20131869\uff09<\/span>\uff0cFlaminio<\/span>\uff081796\u20131814\uff09<\/span>\u548cLuigi Tobia<\/span>\uff081798\u20131876\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8001\u4e8c\u5728 18 \u5c81\u65f6\u56e0\u75c5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6781\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u60b2\u75db\u81f3\u6781\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u635f\u5931\u8ba9\u6211\u6df1\u53d7\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6709\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u6709\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u957f\u5927\u540e\u90fd\u9887\u6709\u51fa\u606f\uff0c\u8001\u4e09\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u800c\u8001\u5927\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e86Como\u5e02\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3  \u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\uff08Tempio Voltiano \u535a\u7269\u9986\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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1800\u5e74\uff0c55\u5c81\u7684\u4f0f\u7279\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u56db\u5e74\u53cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u2014\u2014\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f0f\u6253\u7535\u6c60\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u5e743\u670820\u65e5\u7ed9\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u73ed\u514b\u65af\u7235\u58eb<\/span>\uff08Sir Joseph Banks\uff0c1743\u20131820\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u30021832\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u5bfc\u7535\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u63a5\u89e6\u6240\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u7535\u201d<\/span>\uff08On the electricity excited by the mere contact of conducting substances of different kinds\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u6c47\u520a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Proceedings of the Royal Society of London\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u548c1745\u5e74\u7531\u8377\u5170\u83b1\u987f<\/span>\uff08Leyden\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7a46\u68ee\u5e03\u7f57\u514b<\/span>\uff08Pieter van Musschenbroek\uff0c1692\u20131761\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u56fa\u5b9a\u9759\u7535\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u201c\u83b1\u987f\u74f6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Leyden jar\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7535\u80fd\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u94f6\u5706\u76d8\u548c\u950c\u5706\u76d8\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u653e\u7f6e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7eb8\u677f\u6216\u5438\u6536\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u76d0\u6c34\u6ce1\u6d78\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e32\u8054\u5706\u76d8\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u6c60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u867d\u7136\u8f83\u5f31\u4f46\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u611f\u8c22\u4e86\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5c3c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee<\/span>\uff08William Nicholson\uff0c1753\u20131815\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u63d0\u6bd4\u7565\u00b7\u5361\u74e6\u6d1b<\/span>\uff08Tiberius Cavallo\uff0c1749\u20131809\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u73ed\u5c3c\u7279<\/span>\uff08Abraham Bennet\uff0c1749\u20131799\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u7834\u5929\u8352\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7535\u5316\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Electrochemistry\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u6c14\u5316\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5feb\u5f15\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u4e0e\u7535\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6280\u672f\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1800 \u5e74\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5c3c\u514b\u5c14\u68ee<\/span>\uff08William Nicholson\uff0c1753\u20131815\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5361\u83b1\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Anthony Carlisle\uff0c1768\u20131840\uff09<\/span>\u5229\u7528\u7535\u6c60\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5c06\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u6c22\u548c\u6c27\u30021807\u5e74\uff0c\u6c49\u5f17\u83b1\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u7235\u58eb<\/span>\uff08Sir Humphry Davy\uff0c1778\u20131829\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u6c60\u4ece\u78b1\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u94a0\u548c\u94be\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c<\/span>\uff08Michael Faraday\uff0c1791\u20131867\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5176\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7535\u6c60\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1801\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e00\u4e16<\/span>\uff08Napoleon Bonaparte\uff0c1769\u20131821\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662<\/span>\uff08Institut de France\uff09<\/span>\u53ec\u89c1\u4e86\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c\u89c2\u6469\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u4e00\u679a\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c01\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4f2f\u7235<\/span>\uff08Volta Count of the Kingdom of Lombardy\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u540d\u6ee1\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1815\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u56fd\u738b\u4efb\u547d\u4f0f\u7279\u4e3aPadova\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4  \u4f0f\u7279\u5411\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e00\u4e16\u6f14\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u6c60\uff08J.-I. Charmet\u6cb9\u753b\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4f0f\u7279\u4e00\u751f\u4e0d\u95ee\u653f\u4e8b\uff0c\u6f5c\u5fc3\u505a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u7535\u6c60\u7814\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u9690\u5c45\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61Como\u5e02\u90ca\u7684Camnago\u30021823\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u75c5\u91cd\uff0c1827\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7482\u5c81\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728Camnago\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u5728Como Lake\u9644\u8fd1\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86Tempio Voltiano \u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u9648\u5217\u7740\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u5143\u63a8\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u548c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0f\u7279\u7535\u6c60\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u5370\u5237\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229 10,000 \u91cc\u62c9\u7684\u7eb8\u5e01\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5   \u610f\u5927\u5229 10,000 \u91cc\u62c9\u7eb8\u5e01<\/span><\/section>\n

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1998\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279\u5956\u7ae0\u201d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u9881\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u5f70\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u56fa\u6001\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6<\/strong>  \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279\u5956\u7ae0<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5219\u8f76\u4e8b\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u4f0f\u7279\u751f\u957f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u629a\u517b\u4ed6\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u6559\u5f92\u65e0\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6bd5\u751f\u592a\u6295\u5165\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u53bb\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u758f\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80cc\u540e\u62db\u6765\u4e0d\u5c11\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0f\u7279\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u52c9\u5f3a\u4f46\u5374\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u81ea\u8fa9\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u6211\u5bf9\u6211\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u548c\u4f9d\u604b\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u51fa\u751f\u957f\u5927\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u4f7f\u5f92\u5b97\u6559\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u505a\u7740\u5fc3\u7075\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\u3002<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5e38\u672a\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5584\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7f6a\u8fc7\u6df1\u611f\u60ed\u6127\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5bbd<\/span>\u6055\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u52a8\u6447\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2026\u2026\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span>\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6069\u8d50\u548c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002<\/span>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5ffd\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5e76\u63a8\u7ffb\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7591\u8651\u7b49\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u548c\u4f9d\u636e\u3001\u8fa9\u62a4\u8005\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u652f\u6301\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7ed9\u5b97\u6559\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u7f6a\u6076\u6216\u6fc0\u60c5\u6240\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u751f\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u3002<\/span>\u613f\u8fd9\u4efd\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u4ed8\u51fa\u5e76\u4eb2\u7b14\u4e66\u5199\u548c\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\u4e66\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u798f\u97f3\u4e3a\u6127\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u795d\u613f\u5b83\u7ed3\u51fa\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u6765\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u6458\u81eaAlessandro Volta, Epistolario, Vol. 5, p. 29)<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u6211\u7684\u96c6\u667a\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
2.<\/strong> \u4e2d\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u57f9\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u201c\u7535\u673a\u6cf0\u6597\u201d\u7ae0\u540d\u6d9b\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56edVIP\uff0c\u83b7\u5f9720\u5468\u5e74\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u5e74\u4f1a\u5165\u573a\u5238\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


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<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u653e\u5f03\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 \u2014\u2014 \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279 \u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005 \u5728\u7535\u5b66\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\uff0c\u7535\u538b\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u201c\u4f0f\u7279\u201d\uff08volt\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4f0f\u201d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3aV\u3002\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7535\u573a\u529b\u5c061\u5e93\u4ed1\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4ece\u4e00\u70b9\u79fb\u81f3\u53e6\u4e00\u70b9\u6240\u505a\u7684\u529f\u4e3a1\u7126\u8033\uff0c\u5219…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":44371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44381"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44381"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44381\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44381"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=44381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}