{"id":44524,"date":"2023-08-14T18:03:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44524"},"modified":"2023-08-14T18:03:05","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:03:05","slug":"%e8%84%91%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e3%80%81%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44524","title":{"rendered":"\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u4e8eNature Reviews Neuroscience<\/em> \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\uff08brain network communication\uff09\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5c06\u56fe\u8bba\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5982\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6210\u672c\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6d4f\u89c8\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u987e\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u5bfc\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u8bba\u6587\u6807\u9898\uff1a<\/span>Brain network communication: concepts, models and applications<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNature Reviews Neuroscience<\/em><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u5047<\/span>\u8bbe\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591[39-41]\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3[42,43]\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u9e1f\u77b0\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f46\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6563\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f[1,15,35,44]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0<\/span>\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b[1]\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66[45]\u5230\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5de5\u7a0b[46]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u800c\u53c8\u7b26\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u751f\u7406[47,48]\u3001\u884c\u4e3a[49,50]\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u53d8\u91cf[51-53]\u76f8<\/span>\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u8bba\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u56fe\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c06\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u4fe1\u53f7\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u732e\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u53f7\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u5bfc\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u4ece\u56fe\u8bba\u5230\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5230\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6d41[3,54]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u89e3\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u548c\u9ed1\u8179\u679c\u8747\u5e7c\u866b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4ee5\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7279\u5f81[55,56]\uff1b\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e92\u4e0d\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7070\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u529f\u80fd\u5171\u632f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08strong functional co-activation\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u62a5\u9053[57,58]\uff1b\u5728\u5c40\u7076\u6027\u8111\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08focal brain stimulation\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7535\u751f\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u53d7\u523a\u6fc0\u90e8\u4f4d\u767d\u8d28\u6295\u5c04\u4ea4\u53c9<\/span>\uff08white matter projections\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u533a\u57df\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94[59,60]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd8\u7531\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u3001\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u533a\u57df\u7684\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u901a\u4fe1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5230\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5c40\u90e8\u5916\u6e90\u6270\u52a8<\/span>\uff08local exogenous perturbations\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u8bba\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u5b66<\/span>\u57fa\u7840[13-15]\u3002\u901a<\/span>\u8fc7\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u56fe1a\u4e2d\u5b8f\u89c2\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8282\u70b9i\u548cj\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8f74\u7a81\u7ea4\u7ef4\u675f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8111\u533a\u3002\u8003\u8651i\u548cj\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\uff1f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u800c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3ai\u548cj\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u91cf\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b64\u6587\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u7cfb\u5217[44]\u3002\u8def\u7531<\/span>\u534f\u8bae<\/span>\uff08Routing protocols\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u9012\u7684\uff1b\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6cbf\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7aef\u6216\u6309\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\uff1b\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u548c\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6210\u672c\u6307\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6548\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u901f\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u6307\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u77e5\u8bc6\u91cf\uff1b\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u6307\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u8d44\u6e90\u91cf\u3002\u63a8\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u672c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5851\u9020\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5927\u8111\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u8282\u7ea6\u5730\u6574\u5408<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f[61,63,64]\u3001\u8fd8\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5019\u9009\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u6307\u5bfc[62]\u3002<\/span>\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9002\u5408\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4f4e\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u96be\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u6743\u8861\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u56e0\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u662f\u6cbf\u5355\u4e00\u3001\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u65e8\u5728\u627e\u5230\u7531\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u8fde\u8fb9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001<\/span>\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\u7684\u7279\u70b9[24]\u3002\u4f46\u9ad8\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5047\u8bbe[44]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8def<\/span>\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u81f3\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\uff08shortest path routing\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b[14,36]\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6cbf\u7740\u8fde\u63a5\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u4fe1\u53f7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u5728\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d88\u8017\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6700\u8282\u4fed\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6[42,43,45]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u9700\u8981\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65bd[1,15,35,44]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68461\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bfc\u822a\uff08navigation\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u5bfc\u822a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u77e5\u8bc6[42,45]\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7b56\u7565[65]\u3002\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8ddd\u79bb\u76ee\u6807\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5bfc\u822a\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u8def\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u8def\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u9884\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u6027[43,66]\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bfc\u822a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u8def\u5f84\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6548\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68461\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5bfc\u822a\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u8fde\u8fb9\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6307\u6807\u4e3a\u5f15\u5bfc[43,67]\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8003\u8651\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb,\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5d4c\u5165\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb[68,69]\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u5c0f\u9f20\u548c\u7315\u7334\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b27\u6c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d2a\u5a6a\u8def\u7531\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5177\u670970-100% \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4fe1\u53f7\u6548\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8def\u5f84[41]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5bfc\u822a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5206\u7ea7\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ece\u5355\u6a21\u6001\u5230\u8de8\u6a21\u529f\u80fd\u8f74\u7684\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u8ddd\u79bb\u786e\u5b9a\u7684[70]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411[71]\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u5d4c\u5165\u53cc\u66f2\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66[72,73]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5404\u533a\u57df\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u6240\u9700\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42[74]\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7ec4\u6210\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u4ecd\u5927\u5927\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u90bb\u5c45\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5168\u5c40\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bfc\u822a\u5177\u6709\u5206\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u5f53[41]\u3002<\/span>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u6cbf\u7740\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u5728\u4e2d\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6bd4\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65b9\u6846 1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8def\u7531\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1a\u901a\u4fe1\u6548\u7387\u57fa\u51c6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6210\u672c\u6216\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6b65\u6570\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u957f\u5ea6\u603b\u548c\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c[32]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6548\u7387\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5012\u6570\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6548\u7387\u5219\u7531\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6548\u7387\u51b3\u5b9a[162]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6d4b\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53ef\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e49\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u822a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u5bfc\u822a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u822a\u6210\u529f\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b[43]\u3002\u5728\u8def\u7531\u6210\u529f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u5bfc\u822a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5bfc\u822a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u65e0\u9650\u3002\u5bfc\u822a\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u662f\u6548\u7387\u6bd4[41,163]\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8def\u7531\u5f80\u5f80\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c0f\u6b65\u6570\u7a7f\u8d8a\u8f83\u5927\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9ad8\u805a\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u5c40\u57df\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a2\u7d22\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u67a2\u7ebd\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08\u5141\u8bb8\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\uff09<\/span>[25,43]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6563\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fe1\u53f7\u6cbf\u7740\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cd\u4f20\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u8f83\u9ad8\u4fe1\u53f7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff08random walks\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 75 \u7684\u5168\u9762\u7efc\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8bc4\u4f30\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814<\/span>\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b[44,63]\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u9996\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4[76]\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u6807\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\u540e\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6b65\u6570\u3002\u6269\u6563\u6548\u7387[44] \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u9996\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5012\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u7684\u9884\u671f\u884c\u8d70\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u8d70\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u66f4<\/span>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6548\u7387\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u57fa\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5e7f\u64ad\uff08\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\uff09\uff08broadcasting (communicability)\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u5e7f\u64ad\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u540c\u65f6\u6cbf\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u524d\u7aef\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u4f20<\/span>\u64ad\u6027[77,78]\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5e7f\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5404\u533a\u57df\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u6e90\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ece\u6e90\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5212\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u90bb\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u4ece\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\u6240\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a2\u7684\u884c\u8d70\u96c6\u5408\u5305\u62ec\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u7684\u884c\u8d70\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u90bb\u5c45\u4e4b\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u884c\u8d70<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2cn\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u662f\u6b65\u957f\u4e3an\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3an = 1, …, \u221e\u7684\u884c\u8d70\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u4eec\u884c\u8d70\u603b\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u548c<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u90fd\u6839\u636e1\/ ! n\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6bd4\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8def\u5f84\u53d8\u957f\uff0c\u4f4e\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u8d21\u732e\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u96c6\u5408\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u6cbf\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ece\u9996\u6b21\u79bb\u5f00\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u5230\u9996\u6b21\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u9700\u8981\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u800c\u51cf\u5f31<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cd\u4f20\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4f4e\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5e26\u6765\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u65b9\u6846 2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5dee\u5f02\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1a\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u4f20\u64ad<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u5dee\u5f02\u5ea6\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u81ea\u53d1\u5f15\u5bfc\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u6cbf\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f[164,165]\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u4f7f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u6cbf\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u5c55\u5f00\u6240\u9700\u7684\u52aa\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u7279\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e2da\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u9ed1\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u504f\u79bb\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\uff08\u84dd\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u53cd<\/span>\u5411\u6027[39]\u88ab<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6cbf\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u8fc2\u56de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u8fc2\u56de\u662f\u6307\u77ed\u6682\u504f\u79bb\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0b\u6e38\u8282\u70b9\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5e8f\u5217<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e2db\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u9ed1\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u6548\u7387[44]\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6982\u7387\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6cbf\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u6e90\u533a\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u6240\u9700\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u8def\u7531\u548c\u6269\u6563\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u672c-\u6548\u7387\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u53f7\u526f\u672c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u6539\u5584\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u4fe1\u53f7\u526f\u672c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u662f\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027[77,78]\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u884c\u8d70\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u5e7f\u64ad\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u91cf\u5316\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8868\u8ff0\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8<\/span>\uff08\u4f4e\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u8868\u660e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u591a<\/span>\uff08\u5c11\uff09<\/span>\u6761\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u80fd\u529b[15]\u3002\u53ef\u6c9f\u901a\u6027\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002a\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e116\uff0cElsevier\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7531\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\u6cbf\u4e00\u8fde\u7eed\u53ef\u80fd\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4e24\u7aef\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u6216\u6269\u6563\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8c03\u6574\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5229\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u8def\u7531\u548c\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\uff08linear threshold model\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u65e8\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20<\/span>\u64ad[79,80]\u3002<\/span>\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u5e7f\u64ad\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u6270\u52a8\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u901a\u4fe1\u7ea7\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u6cbf\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u7aef\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u6270\u52a8\u5df2\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5b83\u3002\u5411\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4ee5\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u90bb\u8fd1\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7531\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9608\u503c\u53c2\u6570\u03b8\u2208[0,1]\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u89c4\u6a21<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bbe\u7f6e\u03b8= 0 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fe1\u53f7\u603b\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6d3b\u52a8\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u5c45\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u6563\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7ea7\u8054\u3002\u968f\u7740\u03b8\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u90bb\u57df\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\u8282\u70b9\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u7ea7\u8054\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6162\u3001\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u03b8=\u03b8c<\/sub>\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53d7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5e72\u6270\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7ea7\u8054\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u503c\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u9644\u8fd1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u03b8=\u03b8c<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 81-83\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u6709\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[81]\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u6269\u6563\u662f\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd1\u90bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u4ea7\u751f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0e\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u80fd\u8017\u6210\u672c\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u53ef\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5411\u5df2\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u4f20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u9002\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff08biased random walks\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u62d3\u6251\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9i\uff0c\u6e38\u8d70\u4ee5\u4e0eij\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u8282\u70b9j\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4f7f\u7528\u989d\u5916\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u504f\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u6e21\u6982\u7387[84,85]\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u504f\u5dee\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u6cbf\u7f51\u7edc\u68af\u5ea6\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u884c\u8d70[86]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u62d3\u6251\u5c5e\u6027\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5982\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027[87,88]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u6709\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u901a\u4fe1[62]\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u03bb\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u03bb= 0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u03bb\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u5f15\u5bfc\u6e38\u8d70\u6cbf\u7740\u6709\u6548\u8def\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5411\u8282\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u901a\u5f80\u6240\u9700\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8fc7\u6e21\u6982\u7387\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u3002\u5728\u6781\u9650\u03bb\u2192\u221e\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u6536\u655b\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u5916\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u53d8\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4ece\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u901a\u4fe1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8c31\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u03bb\u503c\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u03bb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u96c6\u5408\uff08shortest path ensembles\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u96c6\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684k\u6761\u6700\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c[40]\u3002<\/span>\u4f20\u7edf\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u4e0e k = 1 \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ea\u5229\u7528\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u6709\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u96c6\u5408\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u7684<\/span>\u539f\u7406[15]\u3002\u4e8b<\/span>\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u95f4\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb<\/span>\u884c\u7684[40,41]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u7531\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f74\u7a81\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u5168\u5c40\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u653e\u5bbd\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u65b9\u6846 3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u4ea4\u6d41\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

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4. \u5f53\u524d\u65b0\u5174\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe3 \u901a\u4fe1\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65b0\u5174\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u4fe1\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u95f4\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u4f30\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1b\uff09<\/span>\u3002a\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6355\u6349\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u5c40[39,90]\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7[126,154,155]\u548c\u533a\u57df\u7ea7[124,156]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9759\u6001\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8[134,135]\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u9759\u606f\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf[18]\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7535\u751f\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55[48,116,157]\u3002b\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u7ea7<\/span>\uff08Subject-level\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8baf\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8<\/span>\u5173\u8054[28,95]\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u5168\u8111\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5355\u503c\u6458\u8981<\/span>\uff08single-value summary\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0e\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8868\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u8054[38]\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u4f4d\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1[53]\u6216\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u901a\u8baf[50]\u3002c\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u635f\u4f24\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fde\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df[47,158]\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d4b\u91cf\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7[159]\u4e2d\u98ce[53,160,161]\u548c\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u8111\u635f\u4f24[98-101]\u3002d\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u534f\u8c03\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u901a\u8baf\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u5217\uff09<\/span>\u91cf\u5316\u4f20\u51fa<\/span>\uff08\u4f20\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u533a\u57df\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u7b2ci\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u523a\u6fc0\u4ece\u7b2ci\u533a\u57df\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u4f20\u9012[116]\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b2cj\u5217\u91cf\u5316\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u533a\u57df\u5230\u7b2cj\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\u4e34\u5e8a\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u65b9\u6848[118,120]\u5e76\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u523a\u6fc0\u90e8\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u9885\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0[117]\uff09<\/span>\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u8282\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/section>\n
\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u4ee5\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5267\u76ee[17,89]\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u652f\u6491\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6865\u6881[1,18]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6269\u6563\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08diffusion MRI\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u675f\u6d41\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08tractography\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u7070\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u7684\u767d\u8d28\u675f\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u8f68\u8ff9\u5f80\u5f80\u8d8a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408[19,54]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u53cd\u5411\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u767d\u8d28\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027[18,57,58]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0cGo\u00f1i\u7b49\u4eba[39]\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4ece\u9759\u606f\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08fMRI\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6e20\u9053\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u9012\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u66f4\u5177\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u6269\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cAbdelnour\u7b49\u4eba[90]\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u901a\u4fe1\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u606f\u6001 fMRI \u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5173\u8054\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe3a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9759\u606f\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b[91]\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u578b[92]\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u7acb\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u6216\u75c5\u7406\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7efc\u8ff0\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u578b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u534f\u540c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u7ed8\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8868\u578b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u56fe[93,94]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u901a\u4fe1\u5dee\u5f02\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u4f5c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u8111\u90e8\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u548c\u75c7\u72b6\u6709<\/span>\u5173[28-30]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u75be\u75c5\u5171\u540c\u75c5\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u5c42\u9762[28,51]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5931\u8c03\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u75be\u75c5\u72b6\u6001\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u751f\u7406\u6539\u53d8\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def<\/span>\u7531\u6a21\u578b[36,38,95]\u3002\u8fd9<\/span>\u79cd\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u73b0\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5927\u8111\u884c\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee3\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6d4b\u91cf\u66f4\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u5e94\u7528\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406<\/span>\u901f\u5ea6[50]\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u667a\u529b[96]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u60a3\u8005[97]\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5[52]\u3001\u4e2d\u98ce[53]\u548c\u8111\u5916\u4f24\u60a3\u8005[98-101]\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u4ea4\u6d41\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u63ed\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\u6548\u7528[49]\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u75c5\u53d8\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u75c5\u7406\u6269\u6563\u5efa\u6a21<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7834\u574f\u2014\u2014\u5982\u7070\u8d28\u548c\u767d\u8d28\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u635f\u4f24\u3001\u840e\u7f29\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u5f15\u53d1\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u9010\u7ea7\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd[102]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u548c\u75c5\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3c\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57282016\u5e74\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cGrayson \u7b49<\/span>\u4eba[47]\u5229\u7528<\/span>\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u7528\u6052\u6cb3\u7334\u7684\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b9a\u5411\u53bb\u6fc0\u6d3b\u540e\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u95f4\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0e\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5c40\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u6291\u5236\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2d\u65ad\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6052\u6cb3\u7334\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u4ece\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7535\u8111\u6a21\u62df\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u5931\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7070\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u7834\u574f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u75c5\u53d8\u540e\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8111\u5916\u4f24\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cd\u8def\u7531\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u901a\u4fe1\u5982\u4f55\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53d7\u635f\u533a\u57df\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u60a3\u8005<\/span>\u5eb7\u590d[100,101]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u53d8\u6027\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u8513\u5ef6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u75c5\u539f\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6298\u53e0\u86cb\u767d\uff09<\/span>\u8de8\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u64ad\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u7531\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684[29,30,103]\u3002\u57282012\u5e74\u4e00\u9879\u9887\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cRaj\u7b49\u4eba[104]\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u75f4\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7070\u8d28\u840e\u7f29\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u518d\u73b0\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6269\u6563\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u808c\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u810a\u9ad3\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7[105]\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5[106]\u548c\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5[107]\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7[108,109]\u4e2d\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76ae\u8d28\u840e\u7f29\u7684\u8de8\u7a81\u89e6\u63a8\u8fdb\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u671b\u52a0\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u548c\u75c5\u7406\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8bca\u65ad\u751f\u7269\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\u6216\u7ec4\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5916\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fd8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5bf9\u9884\u540e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u635f\u4f24\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u548c\u635f\u4f24\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7ed3<\/span>\u679c[29,99]\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e34\u5e8a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5728\u60a3\u8005\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u7684\u6548\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5e93[110,111]\uff0c<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u75c5\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u65f6\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u6210\u50cf\u968f\u8bbf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u6216\u75c5\u7406\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8def\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u7eb5<\/span>\u5411\u7814\u7a76[100,101]\uff0c<\/span>\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u5c06\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5927\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u4f20\u64ad\u5efa\u6a21<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u4ece\u5149\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6280\u672f[16]\u523a\u6fc0\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u7535\u8109\u51b2[59,112]\u523a\u6fc0\u5927\u578b\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u5411\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c40\u7076\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6269\u6563[60,113-115]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587[116]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u7535\u523a\u6fc0\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5728\u5bf9550\u540d\u766b\u75eb\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5c40\u7076\u6027\u5355\u8109\u51b2\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u9885\u5185\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5229\u7528\u60a3\u8005\u95f4\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u5185\u7535\u6781\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63a8\u65ad\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u5168\u8111\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u523a\u6fc0\u4f20\u64ad\u56fe\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u4f53\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u89e3\u5256\u4e0a\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u901a\u4fe1\u6700\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u6d4b\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u901a\u8fc7\u767d\u8d28\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u767d\u8d28\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u5c40\u90e8\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u4e3a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684<\/span>\u6f5c\u529b[117,118]\u3002\u5927<\/span>\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\u6709\u5173[119-121]\uff0c\u8868<\/span>\u660e\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u523a\u6fc0\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6cbb\u7597\u6027\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u7597\u6548\u662f\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d88\u8017\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4ee5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6781\u7b80\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4f20<\/span>\u7edf[122,123]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u610f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027[62,81]\u3002<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a(i)\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b(ii)\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4 \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff1a\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u7076\u76f4\u63a5\u7535\u523a\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u5728\u8fdc\u5904\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u5f15\u8d77\u76ae\u8d28-\u76ae\u8d28\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u3002b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u6839\u636e\u767d\u8d28\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u91cf\u5316\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08R\uff09\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8baf\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u4ece\u8282\u70b9A\u3001B\u548cC\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9T\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5de6\u56fe\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0A\u3001B\u548cC\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5e94\u8be5\u662fRAT > RBT > RCT\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u4e0e\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u6cbf\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8be5\u6982\u7387\u503c\u7531\u6784\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5728\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5206\u6563\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1A\u3001B\u548cC\u5230T\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u9884\u6d4bRCT > RBT > RAT\u3002\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\uff08\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6761\u53ef\u9009\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6bd4\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u8d21\u732e\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1A\u548cB\u5230T\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8eA\u5230T\u7684\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u6c9f\u901a\u6027\u9884\u6d4bRAT > RBT\u3002c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u7535\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u6839\u636e\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u90e8\u4f4d\u95f4\u7684\u9885\u5185\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u521b\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u66f4\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u523a\u6fc0\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u767d\u8d28\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u56fe\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e116\uff0cElsevier\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

\uff08\u516d\uff09\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08Complex networks\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u67a2\u7ebd\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Connectomes\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6839\u636e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u5230\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u767d\u8d28\u675f\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Decentralized systems\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ec5\u638c\u63e1\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c40\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u5168\u5c40\u63a7\u5236\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9e1f\u77b0\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08Delay cost\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Diffusion processes\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u64ad\u6216\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Dimensions of network communication cost\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08Energetic cost\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d88\u8017<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08Informational cost\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u77e5\u8bc6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08Network communication measure\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u91cf\u5316\u901a\u4fe1\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Network communication models\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6307\u5bfc\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08Network topology\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/span>\uff08Neural elements\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Parametric models\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u548c\u6269\u6563\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u591a\u7a81\u89e6\u901a\u4fe1<\/span>\uff08Polysynaptic communication\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae<\/span>\uff08Routing protocols\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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5. \u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u548c\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u4ece(i)\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca(ii)\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bc1\u636e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u901a\u4fe1\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u6548\u4f46\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5047\u8bbe\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u5206\u6563<\/span>\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u8584\u5f31\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u9891\u8c31\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u548c\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6743\u8861\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u53ef\u4ea4\u6d41\u6027\u548c\u5bfc\u822a\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u6563\u6216\u8def\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u65e0\u504f\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u65e8\u5728\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6563\u7b56\u7565\u8bc6\u522b\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u867d\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8def\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5851\u9020\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u7b56<\/span>\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\u548c\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84[81]\u3002<\/span>\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u7533\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650[39,49,116,124]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u56e0\u7279\u5b9a\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5185\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5916\u6e90\u6027\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c[92]\uff1f\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6548\u7528\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e34\u5e8a\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d7\u635f\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u7406\u6216\u53d7\u4f24\u540e\u7684\u8865\u507f\u548c\u5eb7\u590d\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c[29]\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7a7a\u767d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u4eca\u540e\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u672a\u6765\u7684\u673a\u9047\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6027\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u673a\u9047<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u7ed8\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5316\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fe1\u53f7\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u503e\u5411[127,128]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u5916\u6e90\u6270\u52a8\u4ece\u523a\u6fc0\u7535\u6781\u5230\u8bb0\u5f55\u7535\u6781\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5728\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5bfc\u822a<\/span>\uff08\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff09<\/span>\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8111\u533a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7<\/span>\u5ea6\u6574\u5408[129]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u6240\u504f\u597d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ef<\/span>\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565[130]\uff0c\u5355\u6a21\u6001\u4e0e\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565[70,131]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u590d\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41[132]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6a21\u62df\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5185\u90e8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u961f\u5217\u548c\u78b0\u649e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411[128,133]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76ee\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u660e\u786e\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u9759\u6001\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6210\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7535\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6beb\u79d2\u5206\u8fa8<\/span>\u7387\u4f20\u64ad[116]\u3001\u65f6\u53d8\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8[134,135]\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6269\u6563[104,106]\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u672c\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u8be6\u5c3d\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u6781\u7b80\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u62df\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9891\u8c31\u6a21\u578b[136-140]\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u6a21\u578b[106,107,141]\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u6a21\u578b[127,142]\u3001\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u578b[133]\u548c\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u6a21\u578b[143]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba<\/span>[144]\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b[11]\u3002\u524d\u6587\u56de\u987e\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ed3\u6784-\u529f\u80fd\u8026\u5408[145,146]\u3001\u8111\u523a\u6fc0[147-149]\u548c\u75c5\u53d8\u5f71\u54cd[150]\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e3a\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u6574\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6df7\u5408<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5[151,152]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u673a\u5236[153]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a<\/span>\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7b56\u7565\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u671b\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u7406\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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    \u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u670b\u53cb\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7d22\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7c7b\u8111\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5468\u660c\u677e\u3001\u81e7\u8574\u4eae\u3001\u6768\u51ac\u5e73\u3001\u90ed\u5927\u5e86\u3001\u9648\u80b2\u6db5\u3001\u66f9\u6dfc\u3001\u5218\u6cc9\u5f71\u3001\u738b\u5927\u8f89\u3001\u5218\u5065\u3001\u738b\u946b\u8fea\u7b49\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u591a\u6240\u77e5\u540d\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/a>\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5386\u65f6\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7814\u8ba8\uff0c\u8fd1\u65e5\u5706\u6ee1\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u672c\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u805a\u96c6500+\u6210\u5458\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e8640+\u5c0f\u65f6\u7efc\u8ff0\u3001\u89e3\u8bfb\u3001\u7814\u8ba8\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u7bc7\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u3001\u7b14\u8bb0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u52a0\u5165\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u52a0\u5165\u793e\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u8ba8\u8bba\uff08\u5fae\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u9501\u76f8\u5173\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u6587\u672c\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u624d\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u822a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u4e00\u9053\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u4eae\u66f4\u591a\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


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    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

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    \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4f53\u540c\u65f6\uff08\u6216\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5373\u9ad8\u9636\u4ea4\u4e92\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u56fe\u3001\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5f62\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7531\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u5415\u7433\u5a9b\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u4efb\u6653\u9f99\u8001\u5e08\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u7ba1\u9752\u8001\u5e08\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u3010\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span>\u3011\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u56f4\u7ed5\u9ad8\u9636\u4ea4\u4e92\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u8ba8\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u300c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u300d+\u300c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u300d+\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5df2\u7ecf\u5706\u6ee1\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u6b63\u5728\u7b79\u5907\u4e2d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u52a0\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9501\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5168\u90e8\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u793e\u7fa4\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u9636\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5965\u79d8 | \u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u200d<\/span>1. <\/strong>\u7ecf\u5178\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2.<\/strong> \u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    3. <\/strong><\/strong>Nat. Commun.\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u5177\u8eab\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u667a\u80fd<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    5. <\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56edVIP\uff0c\u83b7\u5f9720\u5468\u5e74\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u5e74\u4f1a\u5165\u573a\u5238\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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