{"id":44713,"date":"2023-08-24T18:43:26","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T10:43:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44713"},"modified":"2023-08-24T18:43:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T10:43:26","slug":"%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e6%98%af%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%ef%bd%9c%e3%80%8a%e8%a7%84%e6%a8%a1%e6%b3%95%e5%88%99%e3%80%8b%e6%96%b0%e4%b9%a6%e8%af%95%e8%af%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=44713","title":{"rendered":"\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u300b\u65b0\u4e66\u8bd5\u8bfb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e8e\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u666e\u904d\u6027\u662f\u6307\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u9519\u5931\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u517c\u5177\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21<\/strong>\u4e0e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1\u3000\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c4\u6a21\u5c31\u662f\u65e2\u666e\u9002\u53c8\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u4e0b\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f00\u59cb\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Y=aXb <\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u504f\u7231\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e2\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u666e\u9002\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u6269\u7f29\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u4e0e\u8001\u9f20\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u8c61\u662f\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u653e\u5927\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cGDP\u3001\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u90fd\u63a5\u8fd11.15\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a1.15\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u9002\u7684\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u9002\u6027\u8bf4\u660eGDP\u3001\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u3001\u5bff\u547d\u957f\u77ed\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u9891\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u547c\u5438\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4f53\u91cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u90fd\u662f1\/4\u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u666e\u9002\u7684\u6570\u5b571\/4\u6070\u6070\u8bf4\u660e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u591a\u6837\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u666e\u9002\u6027\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u5408\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5927\u591a\u5c0f\u4e8e1\uff0c\u800c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5927\u591a\u5927\u4e8e1\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e1\u7684\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u7684\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b49\u4e8e1\u7684\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d77\u5c45\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u7f8e\u4e2d\u4e24\u56fd\u4e0a\u5e02\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b49\u4e8e1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e1\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u751f\u957f\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5947\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6307\u6807\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8001\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u6070\u6070\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u594f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u624d\u80fd\u65e2\u4f18\u7f8e\u53c8\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u8fd8\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b3c\u7edf\u4e86\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u91cfY\u5982\u6b64\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0eX\u5177\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8bf8\u591aY\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2\u3000\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u662f\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u63e1\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8870\u8001\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u547d\u8109\u3002\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u547c\u5438\u3001\u8fdb\u98df\u4ee5\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u6444\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u6392\u51fa\u4f53\u5916\uff1b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u6536\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\uff1b\u57ce\u5e02\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u6444\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6392\u653e\u5927\u91cf\u5e9f\u70ed\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff1b\u5c31\u8fde\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u793e\u533a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6d41\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5410\u6545\u7eb3\u65b0\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff\u3002\u5410\u6545\u7eb3\u65b0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u5410\u6545\u7eb3\u65b0<\/strong>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u60f3\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u5916\u754c\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u662f\u62b5\u6297\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u7684\u662f\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u71b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u8d1f\u71b5<\/strong><\/span>\uff08negative entropy\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08order\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d1f\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u71b5\u88ab\u6444\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u9001\u8fbe\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\uff0c\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u8d1f\u71b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u6216\u71b5\u6d41<\/span>\uff08entropy flow\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u5355\u5143\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u5c06\u5c0f\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u5355\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u5355\u5143\u3002\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff<\/strong>\u3002\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u635f\u8017\u591a\u4e86\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5355\u5143\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7ef4\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u5355\u5143\u90fd\u77ac\u606f\u4e07\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u6301\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u57281932\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5c31\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u5b9a\u5f8b\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u5c06\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fc3\u8df3\u9891\u7387\u3001\u5bff\u547d\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4ee5\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8d77\u6e90\u7684WBE\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u6cb3\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u7b49\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6d41\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c<\/span>\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d77\u7740\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u8fde\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u957f\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3\u3000\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u751f\u957f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u4e0e\u6b7b\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u5929\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u751f\u6709\u706d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u751f\u4e0e\u6b7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u751f\u957f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u751f\u957f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\/\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\/\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6d41\/\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u65b0\u8001\u66f4\u66ff\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53<\/strong>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u957f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f53\u578b\u4ee5\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02<\/strong>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5374\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5947\u70b9\u5230\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e49\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u51c0\u6536\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5468\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4f01\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u957f\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u50cf\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u90a3\u6837\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u751f\u957f\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5176\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u900f\u652f\u672a\u6765\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6c60\u6ce8\u5165\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5947\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5947\u70b9\u6240\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3\u3000\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u7f8e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u552f\u8c61\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u8c37\u2192\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u2192\u725b\u987f\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u4ece\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u5f0f\u7684\u552f\u8c61\u89c4\u5f8b\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d28\u70b9\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u529b\u7b49\u662f\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u659c\u9762\u3001\u5f39\u7c27\u7b49\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u52a9\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u63d0\u53d6\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u6a21\u578b\u56de\u987e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u56de\u987e\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86WBE\u6a21\u578b[6]\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b[7]\u3001\u5fb7\u96f7\u5c14\u7403\u7b49\u6a21\u578b\uff1b\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u6316\u96f7\u201d\u6a21\u578b[8]\u548c\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b[9]\uff1b\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u91ca\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u4e00\u4e2ad\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u6c47\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u6444\u53d6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u4ece\u6e90\u7ecf\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6d41\u5411\u6c47\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u4e3ad\/(d + 1)\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u751f\u957f\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9610\u91ca\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5728d\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6162\u6162\u589e\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u843d\u5165d\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b83\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u8db3\u591f\u9760\u8fd1\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u8fb9\u6570\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5728d\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u5448\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u4e3a(d + 2)\/(d + 1)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u5448\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u4e3ad\/(d + 1)\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe1 \u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\uff08\u6700\u4f18\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe2 \u4e8c\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6309\u7167\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u957f\u51fa100\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5706\u5708\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff08\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff09Vt<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

2. \u5bfb\u627e\u5171\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2ad\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u7403\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u5730\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fde\u8fb9\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u90fd\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u624d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u8d28\u5316\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5728d\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5206\u5f62\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7403\u8986\u76d6\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5f62\u573a\u7684\u5206\u5f62\u7ef4\u6570[1]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u6570\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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3. \u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u56fe3 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6d4f\u89c8\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5c06\u4eba\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u8fb9\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u8fde\u8fb9\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u7b49\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u63a5\u7eed\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5219\u5728\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u89d2\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u4eba\u6d41\u4e3a\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7269\u8d44\u8f93\u8fd0\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u52a8\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u57ce\u5e02\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4ef7\u503c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6d41<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e86\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e00\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5f97\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u957f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f88\u591a\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u9690\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5174\u8da3\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6cb3\u9053\u4e0e\u6c34\u6d41\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cb3\u9053\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c34\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c34\u6d41\u51b2\u5237\u6cb3\u9053\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7b49\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6d41\u548c\u5b58\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41\u6307\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5165\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6d41\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
2. \u4e58\u80dc\u524d\u8fdb<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u6e90\u548c\u6c47\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08open complex system\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08dissipative structure\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u53d1\u62b5\u6297\u71b5\u589e\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

2.1\u3000\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u62d3\u5c55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684<\/strong>\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5bf9\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25<\/strong>\uff08Prigogine\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u62d3\u5c55<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u8ba9\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u7406\u8bba[2]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u6362\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u751f\u547d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c34\u6d41\u7ed5\u8fc7\u77f3\u5934\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u9a7b\u6ce2\uff0c\u9a7b\u6ce2\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6c34\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u71b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u71b5\u4f1a\u5728\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5185\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08entropy production\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e3a\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u751f\u547d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5982\u6b64\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u8fdd\u80cc\u201d\u71b5\u589e\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u5316\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5e8f\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u9664\u4e86\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u62b5\u6297\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5728\u90a3\u672c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u91cc\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fdb\u98df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u65e2\u6709\u6444\u53d6\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u6392\u6cc4\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u71b5\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6d41\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u51cf\u53bb\u6d41\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41<\/strong><\/span>\uff08negative entropy flux\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u666e\u91cc\u9ad8\u6d25\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u603b\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u51cf\u53bb\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u3002\u5f53\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u5927\u4e8e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u71b5\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe2 \u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u6d41\u4e0e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u03c3<\/span>\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\uff1bf1<\/sub><\/span>\u4e3a\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u71b5\uff0cf2<\/sub><\/span>\u4e3a\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u71b5\u3002f=f<\/span>2<\/sub><\/span>–f<\/span>1<\/sub><\/span>\u4e3a\u51c0\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u6b63\u53ef\u8d1f\u3002\u0394S<\/span>\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u51c0\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u6b63\u53ef\u8d1f\u3002\u5f53\u03c3<\/span>\uff1ef\u65f6\uff0c\u0394S\uff1e<\/span>0<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5\u589e\uff1b\u5f53\u03c3\uff1c<\/span>f<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u0394S\uff1c<\/span>0<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5\u51cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u6f14\u5316\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6709\u5e8f<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u55bb\u4f5c\u4e00\u5ea7\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u71b5\u6bd4\u55bb\u6210\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u6bd4\u55bb\u6210\u6e05\u9664\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u8ff0\u71b5\u51cf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u5783\u573e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e\u623f\u5b50\u4e2d\u5783\u573e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u623f\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u5e72\u51c0\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5f53\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u5927\u4e86\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u83b7\u53d6\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6444\u53d6\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5403\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u8fdb\u98df\u8fc7\u91cf\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u635f\u4f24\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u8981\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\u6784\u6210\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5176\u5b9e\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u7684<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5339\u914d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u4ece\u71b5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u8001\u5316\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6795\u65e0\u5fe7\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8001\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u71b5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u663e\u7136\u662f\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\u5b83\u6444\u5165\u7684\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u71b5\u589e\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u4e0e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u5927\u4e8e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6709\u5e8f\u548c\u6210\u719f\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u4e8e\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8001\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u548c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u5c1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u51fa\u5176\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u548c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6444\u5165\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec6\u80de\u78e8\u635f\u548c\u51cb\u4ea1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f53\u578b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u78e8\u635f\u548c\u51cb\u4ea1\u7684\u5468\u671f\u5c31\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8001\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6162\uff0c\u5bff\u547d\u8d8a\u957f\u3002\u7c7b\u6bd4\u71b5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u78e8\u635f\u4e0e\u51cb\u4ea1\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u7279<\/span>\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u3002\u8d1f\u71b5\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u548c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u5e94\u8be5\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6210\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u548c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u800c\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u8005\u8d85\u8d8a\u524d\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8870\u8001\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u7ed9\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u603b\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u901f\u7387\u4e0e\u4f53\u91cd\u5448\u73b0\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5927\u4e8e1\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u71b5\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u5355\u5143<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u989d\u5916\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u603b\u6570\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u7684\u589e\u591a\u800c\u589e\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u82e5\u5168\u90e8\u7ec6\u80de\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f53\u91cd\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u5448\u73b0\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe5 \u7b14\u8005\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u3001\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u4f53\u91cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u4e0e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f53\u91cd\u5448\u73b03\/4\u5e42\u5f8b\u7684\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u4f53\u91cd\u5448\u73b0\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5728\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u6444\u5165\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5e94\u5927\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6574\u4f53\u624d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u719f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u548c\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span>\u968f\u7740\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4f1a\u6bd4\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u4e0e\u6444\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u521a\u597d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6210\u719f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u548c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f53\u91cd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8981\u8fdc\u5feb\u4e8e\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e9\u671f\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u5927\u4e8e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53cd\u8f6c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9010\u6e10\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u76db\u8f6c\u8870\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u548c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u91cd\u5408\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u65e9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u665a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7387\u6052\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u71b5\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u5b83\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u83b7\u53d6\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u8001\u5148\u8870\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65f6\u71b5\u79ef\u7d2f\u5f97\u8fd8\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8870\u8001\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u80fd\u5426\u9003\u8131\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u4e0e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u521a\u597d\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9003\u8131\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9759\u606f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6444\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u521a\u597d\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u7ec6\u80de\u51cb\u4ea1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u8001\u5316\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u5f88\u96be\u957f\u4e45\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u6b7b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u89c5\u98df\u3001\u6c42\u5076\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u4e2a\u5668\u5b98\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u989d\u5916\u78e8\u635f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u6da8\u843d\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fd8\u7531\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u6ce2\u52a8\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u989d\u5916\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5927\u4e8e\u9759\u606f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u539f\u672c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5927\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u83b7\u5f97\u8d1f\u71b5\u6d41\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u79ef\u7d2f\u71b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u8001\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8870\u8001\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u989d\u5916\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6253\u5750\u5ef6\u957f\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u957f\u751f\u4e0d\u8001\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7387\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2\u3000\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>
<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08scale invariance\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u8fd8\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u968f\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u603b\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u968f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6f6e\u6c5b\u7684\u5468\u671f\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8be5\u603b\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u751f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c31\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8109\u51b2\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4e3aR\u7b56\u7565\u548cK\u7b56\u7565\u3002R\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u957f\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u578b\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u4e86R\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002K\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5ef6\u957f\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u7269\u5c31\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86K\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002R\u7b56\u7565\u548cK\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5229\u5f0a\u3002R\u7b56\u7565\u548cK\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u5236\u7ea6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u603b\u91cf\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92<\/span>\uff08\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u6743\u8861\u5b58\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0a\u9650<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c6\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9650\u4e0d\u968f\u793e\u533a\u89c4\u6a21\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u8574\u542b\u7740\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u6240\u5904\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6280\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u5907\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u5907\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u800c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5219\u6070\u6070\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u5f8b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfa\u7279\u5b9a\u7406<\/span>\uff08Noether Theorem\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u8c13\u201c\u6700\u7f8e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u5b9a\u7406\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e0e\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5076\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65b9\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u800c\u8bfa\u7279\u5b9a\u7406\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u8574\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u91cf\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a8\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5e76\u975e\u7a7a\u7a74\u6765\u98ce\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4eca\u5929\u548c\u660e\u5929\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5c5e\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5462\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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3. \u8fc8\u5411\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u57fa\u5730\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u592b\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u201d<\/span>\uff08psychohistory\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u8c22\u987f\u5c06\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5305\u542b2000\u4e07\u9897\u661f\u7403\u7684\u94f6\u6cb3\u5e1d\u56fd\u957f\u8fbe3\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7cbe\u51c6\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u751a\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u68a6\u60f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u523b\u753b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u2014\u2014\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f00\u542f\u795e\u79d8\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u6597\u80c6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08physics of complex systems\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u8c37\u2192\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u2192\u725b\u987f\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u666e\u9002\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u201d\u90a3\u6837\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u201d\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5957\u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u4e07\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u666e\u9002\u539f\u7406\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1\u3000\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u65e9\u671f\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6a2a\u65ad\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u65bd\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u201c\u8001\u4e09\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u9886\u7565\u5230\u4e86\u6a2a\u65ad\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u666e\u904d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6a2a\u65ad\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6218\u679c\u3002\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5206\u5f62\u51e0\u4f55\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u201c\u65b0\u4e09\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u8bba\u3001\u534f\u540c\u5b66\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\u8bba\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u591a\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u81ea\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u4f53\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5229\u5668\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u3001\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u76f8\u5e94\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c06\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u518d\u73b0\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6ca1\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u5c06\u4e00\u6761\u6761\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u4e0e\u666e\u53ca\u53c8\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5df4\u62c9\u5df4\u897f<\/span>\uff08Albert Barabasi\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9093\u80af\u00b7\u74e6\u8328<\/span>\uff08Ducan Watts\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u5934\u624e\u8fdb\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e8e\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u6570\u636e\u663e\u7136\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u201c\u53ea\u89c1\u6811\u6728\u4e0d\u89c1\u68ee\u6797\u201d\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u9886\u57df\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u56f4\u7ed5\u6570\u636e\u6253\u8f6c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6765\u65f6\u7684\u8def\u2014\u2014\u5bfb\u627e\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u6162\u6162\u6de1\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u803b\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5171\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u8bde\u751f\u9065\u9065\u65e0\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u5408\u4e45\u5fc5\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u523021\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u5206\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u5b83\u671d\u201c\u5408\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2017\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9006\u52bf\u800c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u56f4\u7ed5\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u751f\u957f\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8ff7\u5931\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5f53\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/strong>\u5b83\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u8c37\u2192\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u2192\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u5c31\u57282021\u5e74\u768410\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956<\/a>\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u5927\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08complex physical systems\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65f6\u969444\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f<\/span>\uff08Giorgio Parisi\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u9e1f\u7fa4\u3001\u5927\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5171\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fce\u6765\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u8fc8\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u53f0\u9636\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2\u3000\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5417<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u6027\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u7136\u5177\u5907\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u591c\u665a\u7684\u9ad8\u7a7a\u4fef\u89c6\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u591c\u5149\u7167\u4eae\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u6839\u6839\u8840\u7ba1\uff0c\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f88\u50cf\u8840\u6db2\u91cc\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u867d\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u663e\u7136\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u9002\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u666e\u9002\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u8001\u4e09\u8bba\u201d\u201c\u65b0\u4e09\u8bba\u201d\u3001\u6df7\u6c8c\u3001\u5206\u5f62\u3001\u5e42\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6446\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u79bb\u666e\u9002\u539f\u7406\u8fd8\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u666e\u9002\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u4e0e\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u591a\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u758f\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u6df1\u5165\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63cf\u7ed8\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u4ece\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b\u5b83\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3\u3000\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u56de\u7b54\u5fae\u89c2\u3001\u7ec6\u8282\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u54ea\u53ea\u80a1\u7968\u4f1a\u66b4\u6da8\uff1f\u5f20\u4e09\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u6280\u624b\u6bb5\u5ef6\u957f\u5bff\u547d\uff1f\u54ea\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u6700\u5148\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u5947\u70b9\uff1f\u52302050\u5e74\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u591a\u5c11\u4ea7\u503c\uff1f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u7b2c\u8c37\u2192\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u2192\u725b\u987f\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u2192\u552f\u8c61\u89c4\u5f8b\u2192\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u6307\u7684\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u67d0\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u548c\u6a2a\u65ad\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u67d0\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u53c8\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5305\u542b\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u90fd\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u666e\u9002\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5e76\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5c1a\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u663e\u7136\u662f\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5e42\u5f8b\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7cbe\u786e\u3001\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5173\u5fc3\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u7efd\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u751f\u547d\u706b\u82b1\u2014\u2014\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.4\u3000\u547c\u5524\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u5728\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u5206\u5f62\u3001\u5e42\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u800c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8026\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6162\u6162\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6570\u9636\u5fae\u79ef\u5206<\/strong><\/a><\/span>\uff08fractional calculus\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u8fd0\u7b97\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5206\u6570\u7ef4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5927\u53a6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5206\u5f62\u3001\u5e42\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u76f8\u53d8\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08theory of criticality and phase transition\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5206\u6790\u4e34\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7fa4<\/span>\uff08renormalization group\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7fa4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u6362\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7f29\u653e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u9020\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b49\u5230\u4e00\u5957\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e34\u754c\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. \u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u524d\u666f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u6f6e\u6f8e\u6e43\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u840c\u82bd\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u3001\u66f4\u65e0\u504f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u95e8\u5bf9\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.1\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u4e4b\u5904<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5e42\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5c31\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662fWBE\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u4ec5\u7528\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5dee\u8ddd\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5947\u70b9\u4e34\u8fd1\u7b49\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u957f\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u9002\u7528\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u8fd9\u5bf9\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2\u3000\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5417<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672a\u6765\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5236\u7ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u672c\u4e66\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u786e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5e0c\u671b\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e42\u5f8b\u65b9\u7a0b\u51fa\u53d1\u63a2\u5bfb\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u4e86WBE\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4e9a\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u4e86\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5236\u7ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c1a\u672a\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7981\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5728\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80cc\u540e\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6cb3\u6d41\u7cfb\u7edf\u751a\u81f3\u5404\u7c7b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u7684\u201c\u6316\u96f7\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u7edf\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u751f\u957f\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9053\u8def\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3\u3000\u5bfb\u627e\u53cd\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u7eb5\u89c2\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u53cc\u5bf9\u6570\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u7528\u5e42\u5f8b\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u5f88\u662f\u65b0\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u600e\u4e48\u53c8\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u3001\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b63\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u670d\u4ece\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u53cd\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53cd\u4f8b\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u67d0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u603b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6570\u4e0e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7528\u6237\u6570\u753b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5bf9\u6570\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e24\u6761\u6216\u8005\u591a\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u659c\u7387\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e1000\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u76f4\u7ebf\u659c\u7387\u8f83\u5c0f\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u5927\u4e8e1000\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u76f4\u7ebf\u659c\u7387\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee51000\u7528\u6237\u6570\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728\u53cc\u5bf9\u6570\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u66f4\u52a0\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u4f8b\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u53ca\u5176\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.4\u3000\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u5417<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u5426\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u53bb\u6389\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u751f\u957f\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e7f\u4e49\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u5473\u7a7a\u6d1e\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8870\u8001\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7531\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u7279\u6027\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u94fe\u63a5\u5ea6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.5\u3000\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ecWBE\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528WBE\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1d\u5f53\u53e4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d[3]\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u5462\uff1f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u5965\u5361\u59c6\u5243\u5200\u539f\u7406\u201d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u81f4\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9664\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u591a\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cWBE\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u80fd\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5176\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0cWBE\u6a21\u578b\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5bf9\u6cb3\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6c34\u69fd\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u820d\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.6\u3000\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u4f55\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u591a\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u9014\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u7528\u6237\u9ecf\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5ea6\u91cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4f01\u4e1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u957f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d45\u663e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u56fe\u666f\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u8c13\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u8941\u8913\u4e2d\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u8fc7\u65e9\u5f00\u53d1\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u8301\u58ee\u6210\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b83\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.7 \u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7136\u8fc7\u65f6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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5. \u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u89c4\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u8c37\u2192\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u2192\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span>
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\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/section>\n
[1] \u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1aBarabasi A, Stanley G. Fractal Concepts in Surface Growth[M]. Cambridge University Press, 1995.\u4ee5\u53ca\uff1aVicsek T. Fractal Growth Phenomena[M]. World Scientific,1992.<\/span><\/section>\n
[2] 1977\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u56e0\u5176\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
[3] Ribeiro F L, Rybski D. Mathematical models to explain the origin of urban scaling laws: a synthetic review [J], arXiv:2111.08365, 2021. <\/span><\/section>\n
[4] Wei J, Tay Y, Bommasani R, et al. Emergent abilities of large language models[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2206.07682, 2022. <\/span><\/section>\n
[5] Kaplan J, McCandlish S, Henighan T, et al. Scaling laws for neural language models[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2001.08361, 2020.  <\/span><\/section>\n
[6] WBE\u6a21\u578b <\/span>Geoffrey B. West et al.<\/span> ,A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology.Science276,122-126(1997).D<\/span>OI:10.1126\/science.276.5309.122. \u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u63a8\u5bfc\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u300b3.4\u8282\u548c\u9644\u5f55A\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
[7] \u5df4\u62ff\u74e6\u6700\u4f18\u8f93\u8fd0<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b Banavar, J., Maritan, A. & Rinaldo, A. Size and form in efficient transportation networks. Nature 399, 130\u2013132 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/20144. \u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb<\/span>\u7ecd\u548c\u63a8\u5bfc\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u300b4.1<\/span>\u8282\u548c\u9644\u5f55B\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
[8] \u201c\u6316\u96f7\u201d\u6a21\u578b Zeng F, Gong L, Liu J, et al. Human mobility in interest space and interactive random walk[J]. Journal of Physics: Complexity, 2020, 1(2): 025004. <\/span><\/section>\n
[9] \u5339\u914d\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b Zhang J, Li X, Wang X, et al. Scaling behaviours in the growth of networked systems and their geometric origins[J]. Scientific reports, 2015, 5(1): 9767.<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76f8\u5173\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n