{"id":45437,"date":"2023-09-28T18:11:30","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T10:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45437"},"modified":"2023-09-28T18:11:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T10:11:30","slug":"%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e5%92%8c%e6%b2%bb%e7%90%8621%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e7%9a%84%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%80%a7%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45437","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6cbb\u740621\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Didier Wernli, Lucas B\u00f6ttcher, Flore Vanackere, Yuliya Kaspiarovich, Maria Masood, Nicolas Levrat<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/1758-5899.13192<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4e00\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5371\u673a\u5c55\u5f00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u652f\u6491\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u5168\u7403\u673a\u6784\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u201c\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u5b9e\u4f53\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/span>\uff08Ladyman & Wiesner, 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5708<\/span>\uff08Mitchell, 2009; Ruhl, 1996\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08Artime et al., 2022; Kivel\u00e4 et al., 2014; Thurner et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08Parisi, 1999\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u201c\u5371\u673a\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u6025\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u5371\u673a\u6587\u732e\u7ecf\u5178\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u201c\u5916\u751f\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u707e\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>\uff08Comfort et al, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5371\u673a\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u4ee5\u53ca\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1962\u5e74\u7684\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u6027\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u201c\u5371\u673a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u6027\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/span>\uff08Gill, 2015; Held & Young, 2013; Pierre & Peters, 2019; Rosenau, 1995\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u53cd\u800c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Frank et al., 2014; Galaz et al., 2017; Goldin & Mariathasan, 2014; Helbing, 2012; Kaufman & Scott, 2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u5177\u6709\u5168\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6e90\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u4e0e\u5371\u673a\u8d77\u6e90\u5730\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u53d1\u5b8f\u89c2\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\u8bb8\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5178\u578b\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u6025\u6027\u7684\u4e14\u8fdb\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u59822008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u6240\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08Folke et al., 2005; Herrfahrdt-P\u00e4hle et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u662f\u7531\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5171\u5b58\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u5851\u9020\u7684<\/span>\uff08Artime & De Domenico\uff0c2022; Kivel\u00e4 et al., 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u538b\u529b\u91ca\u653e\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Turner 2nd et al., 2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u5371\u9669\u3001\u66b4\u9732\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684<\/span>\uff08Simpson et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5371\u9669\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6216\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u662f\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5371\u9669\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5371\u9669\u3001\u66b4\u9732\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8c03\u8282<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\uff09\uff08Duan et al., 2022; Valdez et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Bodin et al., 2019; Stavroglou et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Sugihara et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f83\u5f31\u6216\u8f83\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c24\u5176\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/span>\uff08Granovetter, 1973\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5e94\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f4e\u4fe1\u4efb<\/span>\uff08Dryzek et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span>\uff08Wiesner et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5265\u524a\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236<\/span>\uff08Acemoglu & Robinson, 2012\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u673a\u6784\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/span>\uff08Clemens, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span>\uff08Vespignani, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Biggs et al., 2015; Levin et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5171\u62c5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08Schweitzer et al., 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5197\u4f59\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Goldin & Vogel, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u5f31\u548c\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u548c\u6682\u65f6\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u5f3a\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u4f1a\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u94fe\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u6270\u52a8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u707e\u96be\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5730\u9707\u6216\u6d77\u5578\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08Young, 2017b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6270\u52a8\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u97e7\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u663e\u8457\u635f\u5bb3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u53ca\u5176\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8f7b\u5fae\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Young, 2017b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6545\u969c<\/span>\uff08Homer-Dixon et al., 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCOVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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2008\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\uff08Goldin & Vogel, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5<\/span>\uff08\u5982SARS-CoV-2\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u8d38\u6613\uff09\uff08Farzanegan et al., 2021; Shrestha et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316\u4e0e\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff08Jones et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8be5\u56e0\u7d20\u9996\u5148\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c40\u90e8\u53d1\u9175\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u8fdd\u7ea6\u98ce\u9669\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u6ce1\u6cab\u7834\u88c2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5173\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7206\u53d1\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bf9SARS-CoV-2\u7684\u5148\u524d\u514d\u75ab\u7f3a\u5931\u662fCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8fd1\u7aef\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u80a5\u80d6\u548c\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u7684\u9ad8\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267<\/span>\uff08Booth et al., 2021; Dessie & Zewotir, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b21\u7ea7\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u7f3a\u5931\u662f\u8fd1\u7aef\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u91d1\u878d\u5de5\u5177<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u884d\u751f\u54c1\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0d\u826f\u8d44\u4ea7\u98ce\u9669\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/span>\uff08Battiston\uff0cCaldarelli et al.\uff0c2016\uff1bHaldane & May\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u56e0\u67a2\u7ebd\u94f6\u884c\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Battiston, Farmer, et al., 2016c; Goldin & Vogel, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u672a\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5265\u593a<\/span>\uff08Upshaw et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u5ea6\/\u677e\u6563\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Gelfand et al., 2021; Lenton et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u77ed\u671f\u548c\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u5230\u957f\u671f\u548c\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6ce2\u52a8\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u632f\u8361\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\uff09<\/span>\u7ecf\u5e38\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08Turchin, 2003; Wangersky, 1978\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u8106\u5f31\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u4ece\u6548\u7387\u635f\u5931\u4e2d\u6062\u590d<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u7387\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6545\u969c\u662f\u7531\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6216\u6545\u969c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684<\/span>\uff08Albert et al., 2000; Cohen et al., 2001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u4e27\u5931<\/span>\uff08Abel et al., 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6269\u6563\u3001\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u7ea7\u8054\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6269\u6563\u5f0f\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\uff08B\u00f6ttcher, Nagler, & Herrmann, 2017; Gai & Kapadia, 2010; Haldane & May, 2011; Valdez et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f20\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u611f\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u201d\u56e0\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08Centola, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u75c5\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u75be\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff08\u5982\u56fe1a\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u53c9\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c16\u70b9\u707e\u53d8<\/span>\uff08cusp catastrophe\uff09\uff08\u5982\u56fe1b\u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u53c9\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08Zeeman, 1979\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u968f\u673a\u8df3\u8dc3\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8282\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe1 \u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u5206\u53c9\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ed3\u6784\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7ea7\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5f3a\u70c8\u653e\u5927\u3002\u7ea7\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea7\u8054\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63a7\u5236<\/span>\uff08Bak et al., 1987; Watts, 2002\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ea7\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u7f51\u6545\u969c<\/span>\uff08Buldyrev et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f<\/span>\uff08Kinzig et al., 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u95ea\u5d29\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5f62\u6210<\/span>\uff08Hale, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7ea7\u8054\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e16\u5b50\u548c\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6ee5\u7528\u5728\u7ebf\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u4f20\u64ad\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u64cd\u7eb5\u9009\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u516c\u5171\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span>\uff08Aral & Eckles, 2019; Morgan, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Barrat et al., 2008; Vespignani, 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6545\u969c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u74e6\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Buldyrev et al., 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u7535\u7f51\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51<\/span>\uff08Tu, 2000\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8d38\u6613<\/span>\uff08Wang et al., 2016\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4ea4\u901a<\/span>\uff08Barrett et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u653f\u6743\u66f4\u8fed\u4e0e\u5d29\u6e83<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u6270\u52a8\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08Gunderson & Holling, 2001; Holling, 1973\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6c34\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u4e0b\u51b7\u5374\u5230\u96f6\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u51b7\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76f8\u2014\u2014\u51b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f15\u53d1\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u201d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ece\u6c11\u4e3b\u5230\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u53cd\u4e4b\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Hale, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6ede\u540e\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765<\/span>\uff08Centola et al., 2018; Scheffer, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a<\/span>\uff08Centola, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5d29\u6e83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5f81\u4e27\u5931<\/span>\uff08Abel et al., 2006; Sato & Lindenmayer, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u826f\u6216\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08Cumming & Peterson, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u5927\u5916\u90e8\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u739b\u96c5\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff09\uff08Toynbee & Somervell, 1987a, 1987b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u6216\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u5165\u4fb5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u6311\u6218\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Harper, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5d29\u6e83\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Tainter, 1988\uff09<\/span>\u30021929\u5e74\u7684\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u5d29\u76d8\u548c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5927\u8427\u6761<\/span>\uff08Young, 2017b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9c9c\u660e\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5d29\u6e83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u57281972\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6781\u9650\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u8d85\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672a\u6765100\u5e74\u5185\u9677\u5165\u5371\u9669\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a<\/span>\uff08Meadows et al., 1972\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8d85\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u6781\u9650<\/span>\uff08Rockstr\u00f6m et al., 2009; Steffen et al., 2015\uff09<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Rocha et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5168\u7403\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u661f\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8fc5\u901f\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u70ed\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u6c14\u5019\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Armstrong McKay et al., 2022; Kemp et al., 2022; Steffen et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCOVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong>
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2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5747\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\u4e86COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6269\u6563<\/span>\uff08Nielsen et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u75ab\u60c5\u548c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Cinelli et al., 2020\uff1bFu et al., 2017\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u75ab\u60c5\u662f\u5426\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u72b9\u8c6b\uff0c\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae<\/span>\uff08Loomba et al., 2021\uff1bValensise et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u96f7\u66fc\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u8d1f\u503a\u800c\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/span>\uff08Schweitzer et al., 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u94f6\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u7684\u6709\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u501f\u8d37\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u8054\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u6545\u969c<\/span>\uff08Elliott et al., 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u8fdd\u7ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u673a\u6784\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u201d<\/span>\uff08Sieczka et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ea7\u8054\u5f0f\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u80a1\u5e02\u7684\u6050\u614c\u6027\u629b\u552e<\/span>\uff08Jackson & Pernoud, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u6fc0\u589e<\/span>\uff08Romer & Romer, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8eCOVID-19\uff0c\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u622a\u81f32023\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u7684COVID-19\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u63a5\u8fd1700\u4e07\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u5386\u77ed\u671f\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u957f\u671f\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Michelen et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u548c\u62a4\u7406\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Arsenault et al., 2022; Pai et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57282020\u5e74\u521d\u7684\u6025\u6027\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6162\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u6ce2\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Peleg et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53COVID-19\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u75ab\u60c5\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u7403\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u53d8\u6210\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5173\u95ed\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/span>\uff08Lee et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u5411\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9650\u5236\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Wernli\uff0cTediosi et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\uff08\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Hamilton, 2016\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>\uff08Hubrich & Tetlow, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5173\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u52302022\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08The British Academy, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u5e76\u672a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u5371\u673a\u524d\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>\uff08Fat\u00e1s & Summers, 2016; Furlanetto et al., 2021; Romer & Romer, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7d27\u7f29\u653f\u7b56\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Mckee & Stuckler, 2016; Stuckler et al., 2017; Suhrcke et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5d29\u6e83<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u56db-\u516d\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u548c\u516c\u53f8<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96f7\u66fc\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u96c6\u56e2\uff09<\/span>\u5012\u95ed\u4e86<\/span>\uff08Johnson & Mamun, 2012\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027<\/span>\uff08Battiston\uff0cDelli Gatti et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ca\u65f6\u6551\u52a9\u4e86\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5012\u201d\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5d29\u6e83<\/span>\uff08Battiston, Puliga et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9762\u4e34\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3COVID-19\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\uff08Arsenault et al., 2022; Silva & Pena, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u9762\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9650\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u97e7\u6027<\/span>\uff08Resilience\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6db5\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5438\u6536\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08Fraccascia et al., 2018; Quinlan et al., 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u6270\u52a8\u800c\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u529b\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u589e\u5f3a\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08Alderson & Doyle, 2010; Levin et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ece\u97e7\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7efc\u8ff0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u654f\u6377\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u97e7\u6027\u3001\u6297\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u9762\u4e34\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08Galaitsi et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u597d\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u6270\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08Grafton et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6270\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u201d<\/span>\uff08 resistance\uff09<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6270\u52a8\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9ad8\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u662f\u6062\u590d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de8\u5927\u597d\u5904\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08Alderson & Doyle, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7ea7\u8054\u6545\u969c\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08B\u00f6ttcher, Nagler, & Herrmann, 2017; Centola, 2010; Centola et al., 2018; Gao et al., 2016; Lorenz et al., 2009; Valdez et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u8f7d\u6210\u4e3a\u7ea7\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u89c1<\/span>\uff08Motter & Lai, 2002; Ronellenfitsch & Katifori, 2016; Valdez et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Levin, 1999\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u7a33\u5065\u800c\u8106\u5f31\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u98ce\u9669\u5171\u4eab\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u9762\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u4ecd\u7136\u8106\u5f31<\/span>\uff08Gai & Kapadia, 2010; Jackson & Pernoud, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d1e\u89c1\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u5438\u6536\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08B\u00f6ttcher, Lukovi\u0107, et al., 2017; Di Muro et al., 2016; Gai & Kapadia, 2010; Korkali et al., 2017; Naqvi & Monasterolo, 2021; Smolyak et al., 2020; Yuan et al., 2017; Zhong et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282\u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u62c6\u89e3\u97e7\u6027\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u97e7\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u97e7\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u9677\u9631<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5438\u6536\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u9003\u8131\u56f0\u96be<\/span>\uff08Young\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u50f5\u5c40<\/span>\uff08Hale et al., 2013; Hale & Held, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u97e7\u6027\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08B\u00e9n\u00e9 et al., 2014; Joseph, 2013; Mikulewicz, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8c01\/\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u6216\u73b0\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u62b5\u5fa1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6270\u52a8\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff083\uff09\u4e3a\u8c01\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u8c01\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u548c\u635f\u5931\uff09\uff08Carpenter et al., 2001; Topp, 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u793e\u4f1a\u97e7\u6027\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u6062\u590d\u51b2\u51fb\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Hynes et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u884c\u52a8\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u7279\u522b\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8282\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u5e94\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Ungar, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8c01\u5e94\u5bf9\u97e7\u6027\u8d1f\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\uff08Welsh, 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e94\u5bf9\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u529b<\/span>\uff08Joseph, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08Fraccascia et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5438\u6536\u51b2\u51fb\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8861\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u662fGDP\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u51b2\u51fb\u540e\u4fdd\u6301\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8f6c\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u6539\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Herrfahrdt-P\u00e4hle et al., 2020; Westley et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u8f6c\u53d8\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5267\u70c8\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u610f\u5916\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u4ece\u51b2\u51fb\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5ffd\u89c6\u9884\u9632\u548c\u9884\u89c1\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u6062\u590d\u7684\u72ed\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u56de\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Martin & Sunley, 2014\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9002\u5e94\u6216\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53e3\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6b21\u4f18\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCOVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e94\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u30022008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u762b\u75ea\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u6062\u590d\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u5438\u6536\u5bf9\u91cd\u75c7\u76d1\u62a4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Haldane et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u80fd\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u53ca\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65e8\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u97e7\u6027\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4f7f\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u96f6COVID-19\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff09<\/span>\u57282020-2021\u5e74\u75ab\u82d7\u5c1a\u672a\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0eCOVID-19\u5171\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u6291\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7834\u88c2\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u6709\u9650\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08Wernli, Tediosi, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u8d38\u6613\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Wernli, Clausin, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u660e\u786e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u97e7\u6027\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4f7f\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6e05\u96f6\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff09<\/span>\u57282020-2021\u5e74\u75ab\u82d7\u5c1a\u672a\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb9\u6613\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5171\u5b58\u201d\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u7b56\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u7834\u88c2\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u6709\u9650\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u9650\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08Wernli, Tediosi, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u8d38\u6613\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Wernli, Clausin, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u660e\u786e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u97e7\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf92008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u51b3\u7b56\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u672a\u80fd\u5185\u5316\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u201c\u5173\u8054\u592a\u591a\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5012\u201d\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6551\u52a9<\/span>\uff08Goldin & Vogel, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Battiston, Farmer, et al., 2016c; Battiston, Puliga, et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5ba1\u614e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u9769<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u94f6\u884c\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u67b6\u6784\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/span>\uff08Schwarcz, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span>\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5982\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u7eff\u8272\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6539\u9769<\/span>\uff08Bali et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u201c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u73af\u5883\u98ce\u9669\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Singh et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547c\u5401\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u8f6c\u578b\u5173\u952e\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Sachs et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u788d<\/span>\uff08Jones & Hameiri, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9884\u9632\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u96be\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u522b\u63d0\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u6291\u5236\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ee5\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/span>\uff08Peters et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5168\u7403\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Biggs et al., 2012; Galaz, 2019; Linkov & Trump, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\/\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4ece\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u5230\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u9884\u9632\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6574\u5408\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u548c\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08Frank et al., 2014; Linkov & Trump, 2019; Schweitzer et al., 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e94\u4e0e\u97e7\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span>\uff08Linkov et al., 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\u6574\u5408\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9884\u9632\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u201c\u521d\u7ea7\u9884\u9632\u201d\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u5174\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u627f\u8ba4\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u66f4\u5177\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u56db\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8282\uff09\uff08Guill\u00e9n, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u50a8\u5907\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u7f13\u51b2\u3001\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u77ed\u671f\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u50a8\u5907\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u6210\u672c\/\u6548\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u65ad\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\uff08Ruhl, 2019\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u89c1\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u9884\u9632\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4e14\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u7a97\u53e3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d1\u9175\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7834\u574f\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65f6\u95f4\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u9996\u5148\u80fd\u5426\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u3002\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65e9\u671f\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u53ca\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Battiston, Caldarelli, et al., 2016; Dakos et al., 2015; Scheffer et al., 2009, 2012\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ca\u65f6\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d<\/span>\uff08Battiston, Farmer, et al., 2016b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u62a5\u544a\u5065\u5eb7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u6d88\u6781\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7206\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\u5f97\u5230\u89c2\u5bdf<\/span>\uff08Gostin et al., 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u5e94\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u53cd\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u707e\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u901f\u8c03\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5e94\u6025\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u5e94\u6025\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5178\u8303<\/span>\uff08Mosam et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u201c\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c01\u9501\u4ee5\u5728\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6682\u505c\u4ea4\u6613\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6050\u614c\u6027\u629b\u552e\uff09\uff08Ren et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u915d\u917f\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u4f4f\u5c40\u52bf<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e2d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5927\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Merton, 1936\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u653f\u7b56\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u5176\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\uff09<\/span>\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u9879\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u6539\u53d8\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5f97\u6602\u8d35<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e4b\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u53e3\u7f69\u653f\u7b56\uff09\uff08Bardosh et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u6269\u6563\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6062\u590d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6062\u590d\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u6216\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6062\u590d\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u91cd\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6062\u590d\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u7ea7\u8054\u6545\u969c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5bf9\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u652f\u6301\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49<\/span>\uff08Sachs et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u9650\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u7d27\u6025\u52aa\u529b\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f15\u7206\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Otto et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4ee5COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u9884\u9632\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u653e\u677e\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u5e76\u672a\u505a\u597d\u5e94\u5bf92008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51c6\u5907<\/span>\uff08Claessens & Kodres, 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6846\u67b6\u672a\u80fd\u9884\u89c1\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8bc4\u7ea7\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f62\u52bf\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u76d1\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5ba1\u614e\u76d1\u7ba1\u5747\u663e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u81f3\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u536b\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f2005\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9769<\/span>\uff08Davies et al., 2015; Fidler & Gostin, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5e94\u5bf9\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u5404\u56fd\u53d7COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Abbey et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9884\u9632\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u91cd\u89c6<\/span>\uff08Sands et al., 2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u548c\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u9884\u9632\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u5168\u7403\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u7b56\u7565\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e0e1920-30\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u9632\u6b62\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6cd5\u6848\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a7000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8d44\u4ea7\u6551\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u94f6\u884c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e0d\u826f\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u523a\u6fc0\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d2d\u4e70\u6709\u6bd2\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u5411\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ce8\u5165\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u8fbe\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u4e0eGDP\u6bd4\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u8fb9\u5883\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5bf9\u7b56<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u201d\u5982\u5c01\u9501\u63aa\u65bd\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>\uff08Lewis, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u652f\u6301\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u521d\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u8c03\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20<\/span>\uff08Jones & Hameiri, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u4e24\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5347\u7ea7\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf92008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u52a9\u957f\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Hendriks et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5404\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6062\u590d\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6b27\u5143\u5371\u673a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6062\u590d\u5f97\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5982\u8d1f\u5229\u7387\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u523a\u6fc0\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\uff08Haynes, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5f20\u6027\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u901a\u80c0\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u66f4\u96be\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u7d27\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\uff08Beckmann et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc5\u901f\u514d\u75ab\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u75ab\u82d7\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u201d\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u53e3\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u75ab\u82d7\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6062\u590d<\/span>\uff08Hunter et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u521d\u671f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u201c\u6e05\u96f6\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6ce2\u6298\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u91c7\u7eb3\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Cosens et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7406\u6027\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>\uff08Geyer & Rihani, 2010; Harrison & Geyer, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08Galaz, 2019; Oberth\u00fcr & Stokke, 2011; Pegram & Kreienkamp, 2019; Young, 2017a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9884\u9632\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765<\/span>\uff08lark & Harley, 2020; Young, 2017a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u97e7\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e90\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08Hynes et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6cbb\u7406\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u6307\u6325\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u9884\u63d0\u9ad8\u97e7\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u6d88\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5931\u63a7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba3\u5e03\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6682\u505c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u804c\u80fd\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6697\u793a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u957f\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Ungar, 2021; Wernli, Clausin, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5177\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5177\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u9ad8\u97e7\u6027\uff09\uff08Biggs et al., 2012; Cox, 2016; Helbing, 2021; Page, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6062\u590d\u548c\u9884\u9632\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u7d27\u6025\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\u66f4\u5177\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08Young, 2017a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4e0e\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u5206\u5e03\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/span>\uff08Biggs, Clements, et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u5206\u6b67\u4f7f\u5f97\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/span>\uff08Rittel & Webber, 1973\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u652f\u6491\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u534f\u5546\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8d64\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/span>\uff08Parry et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u53ef\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5230\u8de8\u754c\u6cbb\u7406
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\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a<\/span>\uff08Ruhl, 2019\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ecd\u7136\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u653e\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u804c\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u5c42\u9762\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7406\u6027\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e3b\u5f20\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7126\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Guill\u00e9n, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5206\u9694\u884c\u52a8\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u975e\u4e00\u81f4\/\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5168\u7403\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Peters et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8de8\u8fb9\u754c\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u201c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u548c\u7ea7\u8054\u51b2\u51fb\u671f\u95f4\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fc5\u901f\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u6784\u201d<\/span>\uff08Galaz et al., 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027<\/span>\uff08Alter, 2022; G\u00f3mez-Mera, 2021; Oberth\u00fcr & Stokke, 2011; Ostrom, 2010; Thiel et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5168\u7403\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u5411\u5185\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u501f\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u529b\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u805a\u5408\u5668\u6280\u672f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5236\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08Barrett, 2010; Buchholz & Sandler, 2021; Sandler, 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7fa4\u4f53\u514d\u75ab\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6700\u5f31\u73af\u8282\u805a\u5408\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09<\/span>\uff08\u591a\u8fb9\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5e94\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6700\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5e94\u5b9e\u65bd\u534f\u8c03\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u6574\u5408\u5230\u6709\u6548\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08Cosens et al., 2021; Ruhl, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c06\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u671f\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5e38\u5e38\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u9996\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u51b3\u7b56\u6240\u9700\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u6e90<\/span>\uff08Shea et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66-\u653f\u7b56-\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u65e9\u671f\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u6574\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u5176\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u6548\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/span>\uff08Sterman, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Chandler, 2014; Chapman, 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5931\u8d25\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6e90\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u9650\u5236\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u521d\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u89c4\u907f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6700\u7ec8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u88ab\u8c03\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Ruhl, 2016; S\u00f8gaard J\u00f8rgensen et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7406\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79ef\u6781\u53d8\u9769<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f80\u5f80\u5f15\u53d1\u57fa\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u6587\u7b2c\u516d\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8282\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u673a\u5236\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e5f\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9996\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b63\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8fc5\u901f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u7f13\u6162<\/span>\uff08Gostin & Katz, 2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u98ce\u9669\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u8f6f\u6027\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08Young, 2017b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u9650\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5a01\u80c1\u5904\u7f5a\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5df2\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u9075\u5b88\u9650\u5236\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u65f6\u8fd9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u6050\u60e7\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u4e14\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u6b66\u65ad\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/span>\uff08Kooiman, 2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u53e3\u7406\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0e\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u79f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fe1\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548<\/span>\uff08Lenton et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08Peters et al., 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u4f20\u8fbe\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6c9f\u901a<\/span>\uff08Ruhl, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u4f4e\u548c\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08OECD, 2022; Turchin, 2016a; Vallier, 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u590d\u6742\u5316\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e5f\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08Lenton, 2020; Nyborg et al., 2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u51fb\u65f6\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4ee5COVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u548c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4f8b\uff082005\uff09\u300b\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6548\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5168\u7403\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u673a\u6784\u6765\u76d1\u7763\u5168\u7403\u79c1\u4eba\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Goldin & Vogel\uff0c2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7406\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u52bf\u5931\u63a7\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u8d77\u6e90\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u652f\u6301\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5bf9COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u201c\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u97e7\u6027<\/span>\uff08Guasti, 2020; Youngs, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5371\u673a\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6cbb\u7406\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6301\u7eed\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u5371\u673a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u53e3\u7f69\u5f3a\u5236\u4ee4\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCOVID-19\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u95ee\u9898\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57282008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\uff0cG7\/G8\u5411G20\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u95ee\u9898\u8bba\u575b\u3002\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6539\u9769\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u5df4\u585e\u5c14III\u534f\u5b9a\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>\uff08Allen et al., 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8eCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c31\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6761\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224<\/span>\uff08Phelan & Carlson, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u62ec\u9884\u9632\u52a8\u7269\u6e90\u6027\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u201d<\/span>\uff08One Health\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08Bernstein et al., 2022; Ruckert et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e24\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u77ed\u671f\u548c\u957f\u671f\u51b3\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7a81\u663e\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6f14\u53d8\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u8fc5\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u8bc1\u636e\u7efc\u5408\u7ed9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u4efb\u52a1\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08Yin et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\uff08<\/span>Rajan et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u53d9\u8ff0\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5931\u8d25\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f00\u53d1\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08Bisias et al., 2012; Hartwig et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u8981\u94f6\u884c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7efc\u8ff0\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5355\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08Ellis et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u57282008\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u8fd8\u662fCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u90fd\u52a8\u5458\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a<\/span>\uff08Claessens & Kodres\uff0c2014\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u5ba1\u614e\u76d1\u7ba1\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5355\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Ellis et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u7834\u4ea7\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u8d64\u5b57\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Osborne & Pimentel, 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u975e\uff09<\/span>\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7387<\/span>\uff08Campos-Mercade et al., 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u4e5f\u5728\u51cf\u7f13\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u9632\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u6846\u67b6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u770b\u4f3c\u6b63\u5e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5f15\u53d1\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7834\u574f\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u6545\u969c\u7ea7\u8054\u65e2\u56f0\u96be\u53c8\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5e94\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd8\u662f\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u9884\u9632\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4f9d\u8d56\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u6765\u6062\u590d\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5feb\u901f\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u9769\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u5c55\u4f1a\u66f4\u6162\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u52a8\u6240\u9a7e\u9a6d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u63ed\u793a\uff0c2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548cCOVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u73af\u5883\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u66f4\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6572\u54cd\u8b66\u949f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5927\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u524d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u65e9\u671f\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4<\/span>\uff08Galaitsi et al., 2022; Scheffer et al., 2009\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u97e7\u6027<\/span>\uff08Yabe et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ece\u591a\u8fb9\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5c06\u5e94\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u7403\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u300a\u4ed9\u53f0\u51cf\u707e\u6846\u67b6\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u65e8\u5728\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u597d\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7684\u51c6\u5907<\/span>\uff08\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u51cf\u707e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u6548\u7387\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u3001\u798f\u7949\u548c\u97e7\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/span>\uff08Chaigneau et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u884c\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u884c\u52a8\u4ec5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u9012\u51cf\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6743\u8861\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c1a\u672a\u6d88\u6563\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08Centeno et al., 2015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6301\u7eed\u5371\u673a\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762<\/span>\uff08The Collins et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08Turchin et al., 2022\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u56fd\u9645\u5236\u5ea6\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u5f3a\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e14\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6e10\u9002\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u5177\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u9053\u8def<\/span>\uff08Josepha Debre & Dijkstra, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea2008\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9COVID-19\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u91cd\u5927\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u9769\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Turchin, 2016b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u9884\u9632\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u660e\u667a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5411\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>\uff08Folke et al., 2021; Lenton, 2020; Young, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u5177\u6709\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08Arthur, 2021; Folke et al., 2021; Wernli, 2021; Young, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u51c6\u5907\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5f3a\u70c8\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u672a\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u601d\u8003<\/span>\uff08Weiss & Wilkinson, 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u5916\u4ea4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u591a\u8fb9\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5411\u66f4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u843d\u5730\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b55\u80b2\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u7406\u8bba\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u5408\u8058\u6559\u6388\u7f57\u5bb6\u5fb7\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\u5f20\u52c9\uff0cSIMOE \u548c\u5947\u5f26\u667a\u80fd\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3001\u540c\u6d4e\u5927\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eff\u771f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u9646\u4e91\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5415\u9e3f\u6c5f\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u5b63\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u3002\u805a\u7126\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001DAO\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u79d1\u666e\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u4eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u4e0a\u548c\u7ebf\u4e0b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c2023\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u4e0b\u5348 14:00-17:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba18-10\u5468\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u6001\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u5316\uff1a\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff5c\u590d\u6742\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.  <\/strong>\u8d85\u8d8a\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.<\/strong>  \u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff1a\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u6697\u85cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u624d\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e4b\u9053<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.  <\/strong><\/strong>\u5168\u7403\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a78\u4ebf\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong>\u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u6027\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc5\u901f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8513\u5ef6\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u91cd\u5927\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5371\u673a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u745e\u58eb\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\u64b0\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u5168\u7403\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u3001…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":45432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45437"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45437"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45437\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45437"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=45437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}