{"id":45573,"date":"2023-10-07T18:49:51","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T10:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45573"},"modified":"2023-10-07T18:49:51","modified_gmt":"2023-10-07T10:49:51","slug":"%e5%ba%93%e4%bb%91%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%96%e8%ae%a9%e7%94%b5%e5%ad%a6%e6%88%90%e4%b8%ba%e4%b8%80%e9%97%a8%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45573","title":{"rendered":"\u5e93\u4ed1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\u5728\u9759\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u4ed1\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\uff0c\u4ed61785\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u9648\u5173\u8363 <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u201c\u7535\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53e4\u6765\u6709\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7535\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5230\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u7aef\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e00<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6709\u5173\u7535\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af<\/span>\uff08Thales of Miletus\uff0c\u524d624~620\u5e74\u2014\u524d548~545\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u7559\u4e0b\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u8bf4\u7528\u6728\u5757\u6469\u64e6\u8fc7\u7684\u7425\u73c0\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u5f15\u788e\u8349\u7b49\u8f7b\u5c0f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u897f\u6c49<\/span>\uff08\u524d202\u5e74\uff0d9\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u7447\u7441\u5438\u82e5\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u73b3\u7441\u7684\u80cc\u7532\u7247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u664b\u671d\uff0c\u5f20\u534e<\/span>\uff08232\u5e74\uff0d300\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u535a\u7269\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u4eca\u4eba\u68b3\u5934\uff0c\u8131\u8457\u8863\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u968f\u68b3\u89e3\u7ed3\u6709\u5149\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u54a4\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1600\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\uff08William Gilbert\uff0c1540\u20131605\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u78c1\u300b<\/span>\uff08De Magnete<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u78e8\u64e6\u7425\u73c0\u3001\u94bb\u77f3\u3001\u5b9d\u77f3\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7269\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e14\u78e8\u64e6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u706b\u82b1\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u675c\u64b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u5355\u8bcdelectricus\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u201c\u50cf\u7425\u73c0\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u201d\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u30021646\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u535a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u7235\u58eb<\/span>\uff08Sir Thomas Browne\uff0c1605\u20131682\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u4f2a\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u300b<\/span>\uff08Pseudodoxia Epidemica<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcdelectric\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u8d77\uff0c\u7535\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u529b\u5df2\u66d9\u5149\u6e10\u89c1\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u9759\u7535\u7684\u5668\u68b0\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u671b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ca\u63a5\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1660\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u514b<\/span>\uff08Otto von Guericke\uff0c1602\u20131686\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6469\u64e6\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u3002\u540e\u6765\u725b\u987f\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786b\u78fa\u7403\u6539\u6210\u73bb\u7483\u7403\u3002\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5728\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9759\u7535\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8d77\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1706\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u8c6a\u514b\u65af\u6bd4<\/span>\uff08Francis Hauksbee\uff0c1660\u20131713\uff09<\/span>\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u514b\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1730\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u683c\u00b7\u535a\u65af<\/span>\uff08Georg Matthias Bose\uff0c1710\u20131761\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u96c6\u7535\u5bfc\u4f53\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u826f\u4e86\u6469\u64e6\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1745\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6208\u767b<\/span>\uff08Andreas Gordon\uff0c1712\u20131751\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u51af\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u514b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e86\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u628a\u725b\u987f\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7403\u6362\u6210\u73bb\u7483\u5706\u7b52\uff0c\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1762\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5eb7\u987f<\/span>\uff08John Canton\uff0c1718\u20131772\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6469\u64e6\u5668\u8868\u9762\u55b7\u6d12\u9521\u6c5e\u5408\u91d1\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1775\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u00b7\u4f0f\u7279<\/span>\uff08Alessandro Volta\uff0c1745\u20131827\uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d77\u7535\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u5757\u7edd\u7f18\u5e73\u677f\u548c\u4e00\u5757\u5bfc\u7535\u5e73\u677f\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6469\u64e6\u4f7f\u7edd\u7f18\u677f\u5e26\u7535\u30021799\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4f0f\u6253\u7535\u6c60\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1784\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u8377\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u9a6c\u9c81\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Martin van Marum\uff0c1750\u20131837\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4eea\u5668\u5236\u9020\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5e93\u65af\u4f2f\u68ee<\/span>\uff08John Cuthbertson\uff0c1743\u20131821\uff09<\/span>\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u8054\u624b\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5927\u578b\u5b9e\u7528\u9759\u7535\u8d77\u7535\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u5170Haarlem\u5e02\u7684Teylers\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1787\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eea\u5668\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5948\u6069<\/span>\uff08Edward Nairne\uff0c1726\u20131806\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u7535\u53d1\u751f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u5706\u7b52\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u7535\u6216\u8d1f\u7535\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u533b\u7597\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1831\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6731\u585e\u4f69\u00b7\u8d1d\u5229<\/span>\uff08Giuseppe Belli\uff0c1791\u20131860\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u9759\u7535\u500d\u589e\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u673a\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u7ed9\u96c6\u7535\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1840\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717<\/span>\uff08William G. Armstrong\uff0c1810\u20131900\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u9505\u7089\u55b7\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u5728\u51b7\u51dd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u5f27\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u6548\u5e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08Armstrong effect\uff09<\/span>\u30021843\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8be5\u6548\u5e94\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u5927\u578b\u9759\u7535\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1860\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u00b7\u74e6\u5229<\/span>\uff08Cromwell F. Varley\uff0c1828\u20131883\uff09<\/span>\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u9759\u7535\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u30021865\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u6258\u666e\u52d2<\/span>\uff08August J. I. Toepler\uff0c1836\u20131912\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1865\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u5c14\u8328<\/span>\uff08Wilhelm Holtz\uff0c1836\u20131913\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u7535\u8d77\u7535\u673a\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u7535\u8377\u6536\u96c6\u5728\u83b1\u987f\u74f6\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1867\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235<\/span>\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff0cWilliam Thomson\uff0c1824\u20131907\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u6ef4\u6c34\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u201d<\/span>\uff08Kelvin Water Drop\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9759\u7535\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u6ef4\u5728\u6ef4\u843d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u4e2d\u6b63\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u5728\u7535\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9759\u7535\u573a\u7684\u9759\u7535\u611f\u5e94\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u79ef\u84c4\u9759\u7535\u8377\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1882\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5a01\u59c6\u65af\u8d6b\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08James Wimshurst\uff0c1832\u20131903\uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5706\u76d8\u5f0f\u9759\u7535\u611f\u5e94\u8d77\u7535\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u8f74\u73bb\u7483\u5706\u677f\u53ef\u53cd\u5411\u9ad8\u901f\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u8d77\u7535\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u538b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u628a\u74e6\u5229\u548c\u970d\u5c14\u8328\u7684\u9759\u7535\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u5408\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00\u800c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9759\u7535\u8d77\u7535\u673a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u6539\u826f\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7535\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6f14\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe1  \u5706\u76d8\u5f0f\u9759\u7535\u611f\u5e94\u8d77\u7535\u673a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e8c<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u8377\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1747\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797<\/span>\uff08Benjamin Franklin\uff0c1706\u20131790\uff09<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7535\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u6469\u64e6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b64\u7acb\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7535\u603b\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7535\u8377\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u6469\u64e6\u65f6\u7269\u4f53\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7535\u7684\u591a\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u201d\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u800c\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u5c16\u7aef\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u653e\u7535\u30021752\u5e74\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5728\u96f7\u96e8\u5929\u6c14\u65f6\u5c06\u98ce\u7b5d\u653e\u5165\u4e91\u5c42\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u96f7\u51fb\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u96f7\u95ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u7535\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u907f\u96f7\u9488\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u514d\u906d\u96f7\u51fb\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u57281754\u5e74\u7531\u6377\u514b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u8fea\u7ef4\u65af<\/span>\uff08Vaclav P. Divis\uff0c1698\u20131765\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u30021755\u5e74\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u8fd8\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7a7a\u7f50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e26\u7535\u94f6\u7f50\u5185\u90e8\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7535\u8377\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1759\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u88d4\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u57c3\u76ae\u52aa\u65af<\/span>\uff08Franz U. T. Aepinus\uff0c1724\u20131802\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u7535\u5b66\u548c\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6f2b\u8c08\u300b<\/span>\uff08An Essay on the Theory of Electricity and Magnetism<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63a8\u6d4b\uff1a\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65a5\u529b\u548c\u5438\u529b\u968f\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e26\u7535\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u51cf\u5c11\u800c\u589e\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1776\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229<\/span>\uff08Joseph Priestley\uff0c1733\u20131804\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u5e26\u7535\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5185\u8868\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u731c\u6d4b\u7535\u8377\u529b\u4e0e\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1769\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a<\/span>\uff08John Robinson\uff0c1739\u20131805\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7403\u4e0a\u7535\u529b\u548c\u91cd\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u8377\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e0e\u8ddd\u79bb\u76842.06\u6b21\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1773\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8<\/span>\uff08Henry Cavendish\uff0c1731\u20131810\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u5fc3\u91d1\u5c5e\u58f3\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u4e24\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u8ddd\u79bb\u76842\u00b10.02\u6b21\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08James C. Maxwell\uff0c1831\u20131879\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1871\u5e74\u4e3b\u6301\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u624d\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u52a8\u624b\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u540e\u6765\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u9879\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u4e16\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1785\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u590f\u5c14-\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e93\u4ed1<\/span>\uff08Charles-Augustin de Coulomb\uff0c1736\u20131806\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u7535\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d<\/span>\uff08loi de l’electricite\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5de7\u626d\u79e4\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u9759\u6b62\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u76842\u00b10.04<\/span>\u6b21\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u91cf\u4e58\u79ef\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u5e93\u4ed1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u5e74\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u516c\u8ba4\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u4ece\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u8bdd\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u4e8610-9<\/sup><\/span>\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c1811\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u6cca\u677e<\/span>\uff08Simeon D. Poisson\uff0c1781\u20131840\uff09<\/span>\u628a\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u52bf\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u9759\u7535\u52bf\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u9759\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u5305\u62ec\u9759\u7535\u573a\u7684\u683c\u6797\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff081828\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9ad8\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff081839\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe2  \u590f\u5c14-\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e93\u4ed1\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u753b\u5bb6 Louis Hierle 1894\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u9759\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u4ed1\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\uff0c\u4ed61785\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e93\u4ed1\u4e8e1736\u5e746\u670814\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fdAngoumois\u90e1\u7684Angouleme\u9547\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5e93\u4ed1<\/span>\uff08Henry L. Coulomb\uff0c1706\u2013\uff1f\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7687\u5bb6Languedoc\u9886\u5730\u7684\u5de1\u89c6\u5458\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u5df4\u6770\u7279<\/span>\uff08Catherine Bajet\uff0c1711\u2013\uff1f\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5e93\u4ed1\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5f1f\u59b9\uff1aCharlotte, Colombe, Catherine\u548c Marie\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5e7c\u968f\u7236\u6bcd\u79fb\u5c45\u5df4\u9ece\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86College Mazarin\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7236\u4eb2\u9047\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u968f\u7236\u4eb2\u79fb\u5c45Montpellier\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5f1f\u59b9\u5219\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8eCollege des Quatre-Nations\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1758\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86 Mezieres\u7687\u5bb6\u519b\u4e8b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u6821\u5168\u90e8\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c1761\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u5e93\u4ed1\u968f\u5373\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5175\u56e2<\/span>\uff08Corps du Genie\uff09<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u5c09\u519b\u8854\u30021764 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684Martinique\u5c9b\u53bb\u4fee\u5efa\u70ae\u5821\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u6240\u60a3\u75be\u75c5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4f59\u751f\u30021772\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u8fd4\u56de\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u53c8\u88ab\u9001\u5f80Bouchain\u53c2\u5efa\u519b\u4e8b\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u7a0b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u30021773\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u53d8\u5206\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5de5\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u6587<\/span>\uff08Statistical problems applied to architecture\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1777 \u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u60ac\u8d4f\u8981\u6539\u826f\u822a\u6d77\u7f57\u76d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5bfc\u822a\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7ed3\u6784\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5e93\u4ed1\u81ea\u4fe1\u4ed6\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4fbf\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u79d1\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\u3002\u5e93\u4ed1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f57\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u9488\u67b6\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u8f74\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5bfc\u822a\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u6539\u7528\u7ec6\u4e1d\u60ac\u540a\u78c1\u9488\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u7ec6\u4e1d\u626d\u8f6c\u65f6\u7684\u626d\u529b\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u8f6c\u52a8\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u626d\u529b\u8ba1\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u51fa\u6781\u4e3a\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u78c1\u529b\u3002\u5e93\u4f26\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5927\u5956\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u626d\u529b\u8ba1\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u8377\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1779\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80Rochefort\uff0c\u53bb\u90a3\u91cc\u5efa\u9020\u5168\u6728\u5934\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u9020\u8239\u5382\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6469\u64e6\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u673a\u5668\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u548c\u7ef3\u7d22\u7684\u521a\u5ea6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Theorie des machines simples, en ayant regard au frottement de leurs parties et a laroideur des cordages\uff09<\/span>\u30021781 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u9759\u6469\u64e6\u4e0e\u52a8\u6469\u64e6\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u5b66<\/span>\uff08tribology\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5e93\u4f26\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5927\u5956\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u5e76\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe3  \u5e93\u4ed1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u673a\u5668\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff08\u91cd\u5370\u672c\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u65f6\u5e93\u4ed1\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53c2\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u91cc\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u30021783\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6307\u5bfcBrittany\u8fd0\u6cb3\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u662f\u8fdd\u5fc3\u53bb\u627f\u62c5\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u65b9\u731b\u70c8\u8bc4\u51fb\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u9884\u671f\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8e1783\u5e7411 \u6708\u4efd\u5728\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u8e72\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e13\u5fc3\u81f4\u5fd7\u4e8e\u9759\u7535\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1784\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ebf\u626d\u8f6c\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d<\/span>\uff08Recherches theoriques et experimentales sur la force de torsion et sur l’elasticitedes fils de metal\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u201c\u626d\u79e4\u201d<\/span>\uff08torsion balance\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ebf\u626d\u8f6c\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u30021785\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u626d\u79e4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u626d\u79e4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u548c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5206\u522b\u72ec\u7acb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u8bb8\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5219\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7535\u8377\u5f15\u529b\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u626d\u79e4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u6839\u7ec6\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e1d\u4e0b\u60ac\u6302\u4e00\u6839\u79e4\u6746\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u6709\u4e00\u5e26\u7535\u5c0f\u7403A\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u6709\u4e00\u5e73\u8861\u5c0f\u7403\u3002\u5728A\u7684\u65c1\u8fb9\u56fa\u5b9a\u653e\u7f6e\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5b83\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5e26\u7535\u5c0f\u7403B\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba9A\u548cB\u5404\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7535\u8377\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u79e4\u6746\u4fbf\u4f1a\u56e0A\u7aef\u53d7\u529b\u800c\u504f\u8f6c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u624b\u8f6c\u52a8\u60ac\u5782\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e1d\u4e0a\u7aef\u7684\u65cb\u94ae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u7403\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u60ac\u4e1d\u7684\u626d\u529b\u77e9\u7b49\u4e8e\u65bd\u4e8e\u5c0f\u7403A\u4e0a\u7535\u529b\u7684\u529b\u77e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60ac\u4e1d\u7684\u626d\u529b\u77e9\u4e0e\u626d\u8f6c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u4e8b\u5148\u6821\u51c6\u5e76\u6807\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u65cb\u94ae\u4e0a\u6307\u9488\u8f6c\u8fc7\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bfb\u6570\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u79e4\u6746\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa\u5728\u6b64\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0bA\u548cB\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u60ac\u4e1d\u626d\u8f6c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4  \u5e93\u4ed1\u626d\u79e4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7528\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6807\u91cf\u7684\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dF\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e93\u4ed1\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u4e3a\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u8d1f\u503c\u4e3a\u6392\u65a5\uff09<\/span>\uff0cQ\u548cQ’\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u91cf\uff0cr\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0cC<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e93\u4ed1\u5e38\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u70b9\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4efb\u4e00\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u603b\u9759\u7535\u529b\u7b49\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u5355\u72ec\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b\u4e4b\u5411\u91cf\u548c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u53e0\u52a0\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08superposition principle\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0e\u53e0\u52a0\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u610f\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7edd\u7f18\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e93\u4ed1\u8fd8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u78c1\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u529b\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u529b\u4e0e\u4e24\u78c1\u6781\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e58\u79ef\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3001\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u548c\u78c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u56db<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

1789\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u53d8\u8fc1\u6216\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u4ed1\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5175\u56e2\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u804c\u52a1\u30021791 \u5e74\uff0c55\u5c81\u7684\u5e93\u4ed1\u6b63\u5f0f\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8eBlois\u7684\u5c0f\u5e84\u56ed\u91cc\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u67a2\u8f74\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u7b49\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e74\u6df1\u6708\u4e45\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5e93\u4ed1\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u8be6\u89c1\u7ecf\u4f20\u3002\u5e93\u4ed1\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e8c\u5a5a\uff0c\u548c\u524d\u59bb\u80b2\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0cHenry \u548c Charlles \uff0c\u540e\u59bb\u53c8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0cAlexandrine \u548c Leclerc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e93\u4ed1\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u5728\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u670d\u5f79\u67d3\u4e0a\u4e86\u9057\u6068\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u30021796 \u5e74\u590f\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u60a3\u4e0a\u6162\u70ed<\/span>\uff08slow fever\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e8e 1806 \u5e74 8 \u6708 23 \u65e5\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7470\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe5 \u6cd5\u56fd\u5e93\u4ed1\u7eaa\u5ff5\u90ae\u7968<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1880\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5b89\u57f9\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u4e00\u79d2\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u7ebf\u622a\u9762\u7684\u7535\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u57281889\u5e74\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u57c3\u83f2\u5c14\u94c1\u5854\u4e0a\u954c\u523b\u7740\u7684 72 \u4f4d\u8d24\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u6211\u7684\u96c6\u667a\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u5e03\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bd7\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u4f0f\u7279\u662f\u7535\u538b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong> \u4e2d\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u57f9\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u6b27\u59c6\u548c\u4ed6\u4e24\u6761\u51e0\u4e4e\u592d\u6298\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
7. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u5728\u9759\u7535\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u4ed1\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\uff0c\u4ed61785\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5e93\u4ed1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002 \u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005 \u201c\u7535\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53e4\u6765\u6709\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7535\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5230\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u7aef\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u4e00 \u6709\u5173\u7535\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af\uff08Thales of Milet…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":45564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45573"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45573"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=45573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}