{"id":45629,"date":"2023-10-09T14:18:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T06:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45629"},"modified":"2023-10-09T14:18:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T06:18:54","slug":"%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%88%e4%b8%80%e6%9d%a1%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45629","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u672c\u5468\u4e00\uff0810\u67089\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u6768\u660e\u54f2\u5206\u4eab\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u8bfb James Crutchfield \u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u201cThe Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u68b3\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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James Crutchfield 1983\u5e74\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u514b\u9c81\u5179\u5206\u6821\uff0c1990-2004\u5e74\u5728\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5206\u6821\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u6591\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5b66\u8005\u4e3b\u9875\uff1ahttps:\/\/csc.ucdavis.edu\/~chaos\/<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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James Crutchfield \u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6df7\u6c8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6df7\u6c8c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u795e\u5947\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6df7\u6c8c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u505a\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u89e3\u5f00\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u662f James Crutchfield \u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u81f4\u529b\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u300aThe Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Crutchfield, James P. “The calculi of emergence: computation, dynamics and induction.” Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 75.1-3 (1994): 11-54. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0167278994902739<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u03f5-\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Hierarchical \u03f5-machine reconstruction\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u800c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6d8c\u73b0\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Emergence\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f<\/a><\/span>\u300b\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u6709\u72ec\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u6d8c\u73b0\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u9636\u68af\u6709\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u9636\u68af\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\uff08Newness\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u968f\u9644\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u56ca\u62ec\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u4e49\u548c\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2.\u6591\u56fe\u5f62\u6210\uff08Pattern formation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u968f\u9644\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u654f\u611f\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u603b\u6709\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e91\u6735\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u8138\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u4e91\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u201c\u6ed1\u7fd4\u673a\u201d\u201c\u4fe1\u53f7\u706f\u201d\u7b49\u6591\u56fe\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u540e\u8005\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u504f\u89c1\u4f1a\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.\u5185\u5728\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08Intrinsic emergence\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u9636\u68af\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8682\u8681\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8681\u7fa4\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u8c08\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/span>\uff08Downward causation\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5185\u5728\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6c64\u91cc\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u5316\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\uff08Universe\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Deterministic dynamical system\uff0cDS\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5996\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u73af\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Stochastic dynamical system\uff0c SDS\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u53d7\u5668<\/span>\uff08Sensors\uff09<\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5668<\/span>\uff08Effectors\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u3001\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff08\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861<\/strong>\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u4e3b\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u968f\u673a\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5177\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u968f\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5408\u9002\u5212\u5206\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity\uff0cK(x)\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/span>\uff08UTM\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u516c\u5141\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u60dc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u9664\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u4fa5\u5e78\u201d\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7528\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53bb\u751f\u6210\u5b83\uff1b\u53ef\u5f53\u5e8f\u5217\u53d8\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e8f\u5217\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5355\u8c03\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4f1a\u88ab\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u53ef\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u590d\u6742<\/strong>\u3002\u6bd4\u59820\u548c1\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u672c\u7bc7\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Statistical complexity\uff0cC\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/span>(x)\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u5f0f\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u662f\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2dPr(sL<\/sup>)\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s<\/span>L<\/sup>\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0cH()\u662f\u6c42\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u516c\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6C<\/span>\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/span>(x)<\/span>\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5h\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u4ee5\u6c34\u5e73\u72af\u9519\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u5e8f\u5217\u6700\u4f73\u9884\u6d4b\u6240\u9700\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002<\/span>\uff08One interpretation of the statistical complexity is that it is the minimum amount of historical information required to make optimal forecasts of bits in at the error rate <\/span>h<\/span>\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span>.\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u5fae\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7387\u4e3a0\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u5e8f\u5217<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u598200000…000\uff09<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f0\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9999\u519c\u71b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8eh<\/span>\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/span>L\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f0\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u50cf\u67ef\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u786e\u5b9a\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Deterministic complexity\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u6807\u53ea\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u968f\u673a\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5355\u8c03\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u566a\u97f3\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u8fc7\u5c0f\u6216\u8fc7\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u884c\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u50cf\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u795e\u5947\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u8db3\u591f\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6b63\u4f4d\u4e8e\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5 \u03f5-\u673a\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u03f5-machine\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u6784\u9020\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9762\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5730\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3b\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u90a3\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5b83\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56de\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u8981\u5bf9\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u505a\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u505a\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9690\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9690\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9690\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u4f5c\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6001<\/strong><\/span>\uff08casual state\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3. \u56e0\u679c\u6001\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u5c55\u793a\uff0ct<\/span>9<\/sub><\/span>\u548ct13<\/sub><\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5f62\u6001<\/span>\uff08future morph\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u8bb0\u53f7\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5168\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5c5e\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001t, t’\u8bb0\u4e3a\uff1at\uff5et’\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e<\/span><\/sub> <\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ed9\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u7684\u96c6\u5408S<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u72b6\u6001S\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5c31\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08past morph\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u03f5-<\/span>\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u03f5<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7531\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5f97\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\u3002\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6620\u5c04\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u91cc\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u90e8\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u6709\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u03f5-\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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M=(S<\/strong>, T)
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\u5176\u4e2d\u6620\u5c04T: S<\/strong>\u2192S<\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373St+1<\/sub><\/span>=TSt<\/sub><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u03f5-machine reconstruction\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cf\uff0c\u71b5\u7387\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u71b5\u7387\u548c\u73af\u5883\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u71b5\u7387\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e3b\u4f53\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u51e0\u7387\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4ee5\u6295\u5165\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u5173\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u65b0<\/span>\uff08Innovation\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u03f5-\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u9996\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u8fbe\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u578b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u7ebf\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0b\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4. 0\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u672c\u8eab\uff1b1\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5e8f\u5217\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u5468\u671f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3aD\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u957f\u5ea6\u7684D\u6b21\u65b9\uff1b2\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5e8f\u5217\u5173\u8054\u6027\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff08\u8fd1\u4f3c\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u9650\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff08FA\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u72b6\u6001V\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u6784E\u30023\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff08PM\uff09\uff0c \u5177\u6709\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219P\u3002\u5404\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u5347\u7ea7\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u539f\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6253\u5305\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u9636\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

1.\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a0\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5373M0<\/sub><\/span>=s<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u4ece\u66f4\u4f4e\u6a21\u578b\u91cd\u6784\u6a21\u578bMl<\/sub><\/span>=Ml-1<\/sub><\/span>\/\uff5e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff5e\u8868\u793al\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u5728l-1\u7ea7\u4e0a\u88ab\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5728l\u7ea7\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u65f6S\u548cT\u90fd\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u6536\u96c6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u5e8f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6L\uff0c \u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6a21\u578bMl<\/sub><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u5982\u679c\u968f\u7740L\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d1\u6563\uff0c\u5373||Ml<\/sub><\/span>||\u2192\u221e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u56de\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6a21\u578bMl+1<\/sub><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u91cd\u5efa\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u03f5-\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u505a\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u9002\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u538b\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u6709\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u597d\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5efa\u7acb\u5982\u6b64\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u660e\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u591a\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81f3\u6b64\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u4e86\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u3002James Crutchfield \u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u6df1\u8015\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5173\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

James Crutchfield \u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n