{"id":45660,"date":"2023-10-10T22:30:47","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T14:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45660"},"modified":"2023-10-10T22:30:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T14:30:47","slug":"nature-%e8%af%84%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%9a%e6%97%a0%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%e5%87%ba%e6%9c%89%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45660","title":{"rendered":"Nature \u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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George F. R. Ellis<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Assembly theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution<\/span>
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-023-06600-9<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e8eNature<\/em>\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cSharma\u7b49[4]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08assembly theory\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u586b\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u6a2a\u8de8\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec4\u88c5\u5b87\u5b99<\/strong><\/span>\uff08the assembly universe\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u4ece\u76f8\u540c\u7ec4\u88c5\u57fa\u5143\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff1a\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e7\u4e8b\u7269\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u88c5\u201d\u7684\u91cf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7ec4\u88c5\u7d22\u5f15\u503c<\/span>\uff08assembly index\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4\u6570\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u96c6\u5408\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u91cf\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u53d8\u4e3a\u6709\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7ec4\u88c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7ec4\u88c5\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u548c\u9ad8\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ec4\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u540e\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u7684\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4f7f\u7ec4\u88c5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9645<\/strong>\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u878d\u5165\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5f25\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u201c\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08theory of the adjacent possible\uff09<\/span>[8]\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd1\u672a\u6765\u7ed3\u679c\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u201cconstructor\u7406\u8bba\u201d[9]\uff0c\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u8c13\u7684constructors<\/span>\uff08\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u5f81\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u91cf\u5316\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u517c\u5bb9\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u9002\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7ec4\u88c5\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u5165\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8be5\u9879\u76ee[10]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b[11]\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u5426\u91cf\u5316\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8868\u5f81\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5373\u751f\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6280\u672f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u7c7b\u578b\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u4ec5\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6df1\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5668\u5b98\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6c34\u5e73[12]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u8eab\u4f53\u5e76\u751f\u957f\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u7406\u73af\u5883\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u5fc3\u810f\u5c06\u6c27\u6c14\u6cf5\u9001\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u7740<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6e90\u4e8e\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u53bb\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u7b49\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u76f8\u5173\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u5fc3\u810f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5fc3\u810f\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee5\u5fc3\u810f\u6cf5\u8840\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ece\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1.  \u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5728\u773c\u775b\u7684\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u5141\u8bb8\u5fc3\u810f\u5c06\u6c27\u6c14\u6cf5\u9001\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fSharma\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u586b\u8865\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u4f46\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5411\u4e0b\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6839\u636e\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u63a7\u5236\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6839\u636e\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u786e\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56e0\u679c\u5c01\u95ed\u6027<\/span>\uff08causal closure\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5b8c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u6574\u4f53\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5927\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8f74\u7a81\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4e8e\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u3001\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u548c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e5f\u8bb8\u7ebf\u866b<\/span>\uff08\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4f9b\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5df2\u77e5\u7684[13]\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\u90fd\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u6027\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1. Hartwell, L. H., Hopfield, J. J., Leibler, S. & Murray, A. W. Nature 402, C47\u2013C52 (1999).<\/span><\/section>\n
2. Wagner, A. Arrival of the Fittest: Solving Evolution\u2019s Greatest Puzzle (Penguin, 2014).<\/span><\/section>\n
3. Bringas, M., Petruk, A. A., Estrin, D. A., Capece, L. & Mart\u00ed, M. A. Sci. Rep. 7, 10926 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
4. Sharma, A. et al. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06600-9 (2023).<\/span><\/section>\n
5. Gardner, A. Biol. Lett. 5, 861\u2013864 (2009).<\/span><\/section>\n
6. Birch, J. & Okasha, S. BioScience 65, 22\u201332 (2014).<\/span><\/section>\n
7. Frank, S. A. & Slatkin, M. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7, 92\u201395 (1992).<\/span><\/section>\n
8. Cort\u00eas, M. et al. Preprint at arxiv.org\/abs\/2204.14115 (2023).<\/span><\/section>\n
9. Marletto, C. J. R. Soc. Interface 12, 20141226 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
10. Marshall, S. M. et al. Nature Commun. 12, 3033 (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
11. Arthur, W. B. The Nature of Technology: What it is and how it evolves (Free Press, 2009).<\/span><\/section>\n
12. Noble, D. Interface Focus 2, 55\u201364 (2011).<\/span><\/section>\n
13. Cook, S. J. et al. Nature 571, 63\u201371 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
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\u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81ea Nature \u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-023-03061-y<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6d8c\u73b0\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bf8\u591a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u83ab\u6d4b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4ece\u9e1f\u7fa4\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u8424\u706b\u866b\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u871c\u8702\u821e\u8e48\uff0c\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f52\u7ea6\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6216\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u671b\u4e3a\u91cf\u5316\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u8bdd\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u68b3\u7406\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u6398\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u63a2\u6d4b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u81ea7\u670811\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e8c\u665a19:00-21:00\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f48\uff5e10\u5468\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u7528<\/a><\/span>
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\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u590d\u6742\u6d3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u6728\u7403(\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e)\u8054\u5408\u5468\u7406\u4e7e\u3001\u738b\u4e1c\u3001\u8463\u8fbe\u3001\u5218\u5b87\u3001\u82d1\u660e\u7406\u3001\u5085\u6e25\u6210\u3001\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u300b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u300b<\/a><\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7855\u535a\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u5165\u7fa4\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u5256\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/span>
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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u601d\u8003\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u4ece\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>George Ellis \u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong> <\/span>\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


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\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u7ecf\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0cNature \u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u91cf\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Sara Walker \u548c\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6 Leroy Cro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":45656,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45660"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45660"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45660\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45660"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=45660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}