{"id":45950,"date":"2023-10-23T23:18:31","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T15:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45950"},"modified":"2023-10-23T23:18:31","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T15:18:31","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%83%bd%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e6%84%8f%e5%bf%97%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=45950","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u8881\u51b0\uff0c\u6768\u660e\u54f2\uff0c\u725f\u7267\u4e91<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u6881\u91d1 <\/span>| \u7f16\u8f91<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aCan there be a synergistic core emerging in the brain hierarchy to control neural activity by downward causation?<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.authorea.com\/users\/655476\/articles\/661267-can-there-be-a-synergistic-core-emerging-in-the-brain-hierarchy-to-control-neural-activity-by-downward-causation<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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    1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
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    \u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u201c\u8eab\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff08Sperry, 1985\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u5426\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u65bd\u52a0\u56e0\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5982\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6027\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Corning, 2012; Spasi\u0107 and Kesi\u0107, 2019; Turkheimer et al., 2022\uff09\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u534f\u540c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u79f0\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u53d8\u5f97\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u9e1f\u7fa4\u3001\u871c\u8702\u7fa4\u6216\u8682\u8681\u7fa4\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u534f\u540c\u201d\uff08Haken, 1983; Kauffman, 1993\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6574\u4f53\uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u90e8\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7acb\u4f53\u89c6\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u3002Williams \u548c Beer\uff082010\u5e74\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u603b\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u7279\u6709\uff08Unique\uff09\u3001\u5197\u4f59\uff08Redundant\uff09\u548c\u534f\u540c\uff08Synergistic\uff09\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u201d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\uff08O\u2019Connor, 1994; Bedau, 1997; Kim, 1998\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Turkheimer et al., 2019; Vohryzek et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\uff08homunculus\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08Nizami, 2019\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u201c\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08Luppi et al., 2020; Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
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    \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff08Cartesian dualism\uff09\u662f\u753117\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\uff08Ren\u00e9 Descartes\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\uff08\u6216\u5fc3\u7075\u3001\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6d4b\u91cf\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\uff09\u5219\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u3002<\/span>
    <\/section>\n
    \u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    1. \u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u51b2\u52a8\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    2. \u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    3. \u610f\u8bc6\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\uff08incompatibilist\uff09\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u5982\u4e0b\u7591\u95ee\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u8fc7\u53bb\u9884\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u584c\u7f29\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\uff08\u548c\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Jedlicka, 2017; Hunt and Schooler, 2019\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u5411\u4e0b\u9a71\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\uff08Hameroff and Penrose, 2014; Fisher, 2017\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e8b\u540e\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u610f\u8bc6\uff08Beck and Eccles, 1998; Yurchenko, 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5176\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\uff08compatibilist\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53caLibet\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u8bae\u53bb\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e76\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u522b\u53cd\u6620\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8f85\u52a9\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\u51c6\u5907\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u81ea\u4eceLibet\u7b49\u4eba\uff081983\uff09\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u795e\u7ecf\u8fd0\u52a8\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u610f\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\uff1aSoon et al., 2008; Bode and Haynes, 2009; Fried et al., 2011; Schurger et al., 2012; Guggisberg and Mottaz, 2013; Salvaris and Haggard, 2014; Perez et al., 2015; Schultze-Kraft et al., 2016\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4f53\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \n
    \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5229\u8d1d\u7279\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Benjamin Libet\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002Libet\u4f7f\u7528\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u8bb0\u5f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cLibet\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\uff08motor cortex\uff09\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u7535\u4f4d\uff08readiness potential\uff09\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\u7ea6400\u6beb\u79d2\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4e89\u8bae\u662f\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u610f\u56fe\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u4f4d\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff08Triggiani et al., 2023\uff09\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u9886\u57df\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u89c2\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5fc3\u667a\u5c42\u9762\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u548c\u5927\u8111\u5728\u8865\u5145\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff09\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u5148\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4t\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9690\u79d8\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0cLibet\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff08Mudrik et al., 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5047\u8bbe\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u667a\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84<\/strong>\uff08Ellis, 2012; Juarrero, 2009\uff09\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\uff08Auletta et al., 2008; Davies, 2012\uff09\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\uff08\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u9a73\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u672c\u4f53\u4e0a\u771f\u5b9e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u672f\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u70b9\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0e\u62d2\u7edd\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u201d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff08Bedau, 2010; Kim, 1998\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fe1\u606f\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u521a\u521a\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7531\u672a\u77e5\u795e\u79d8\u5b58\u5728\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff1f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba<\/a>\uff0c\u5982\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff08GWT\uff09\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\uff08PPT\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08IIT\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u975e\u5927\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u610f\u8bc6<\/a>\uff08Dehaene et al., 2017\uff09\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba\uff08Panpsychism\uff09\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\uff08Tononi and Koch, 2015\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u8111\u53c2\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u5173\u8054\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9644\u5e26\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff08\u5728\u5176\u76f8\u5bb9\u8bba\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u9690\u542b\u5730\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cGWT\u3001PPT\u3001IIT\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff08Turkheimer et al., 2019\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u81eaRoger Sperry\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u5176\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u5206\u79bb\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u5927\u8111\u5174\u594b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff08Sperry 1980\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08IIT\uff09\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7531Tononi\u3001Koch\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u201c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff1a\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5907\u9009\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u6211\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u540e\u679c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u201d\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5f15\u53d1\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u6211\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u201d\uff08Tononi et al., 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span>
    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9690\u542b\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6807\u8bb0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\uff08Davies, 2012\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u751f\u547d\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e5f\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff08Walker and Davies, 2016\uff09\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u660e\u786e\u5730\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u5f81\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u9009\u62e9\uff08Rolls, 2020\uff09\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\uff08Hoel et al., 2013\uff09\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u672c\u6587\u4ece\u6f84\u6e05\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u548c\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\uff1a\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u6765\u5047\u8bbe\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u88ab\u6b67\u4e49\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6307\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u865a\u5047\u8f74\u7ebf\u3002\u8bba\u8bc1\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\uff08\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u534f\u540c\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9690\u542b\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u7eb5\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    2. \u56e0\u679c<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\uff08Causation\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u7406\u7531\uff08Reason\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\uff08Cause\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u679c\uff08Effect\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u56e0\u679c\uff08Causation\uff09\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Cause-effect relationships\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7406\u7531\uff08Reason\uff09\u662f\u5bf9\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u56e0\u201d\uff08cause-like\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b83\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    2.1 \u56e0\u548c\u7406\u7531<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u56e0\u548c\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u56db\u7c7b\u56e0\uff08aitia\uff09\uff1a\u6750\u6599\u56e0\u3001\u6548\u679c\u56e0\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u800c\u975e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09X\uff08Hofmeyr 2017\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. X\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff1f\uff08\u5176\u6750\u6599\u56e0\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u9020\u6210\u4e86X\uff1f\uff08\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. X\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\uff08\u5176\u6548\u679c\u56e0\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. X\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u800c\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff1f\uff08\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5982\u679cX\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u56e0\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u4e8b\u4ef6X\u662f\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\uff08\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u56e0\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\uff08\u6750\u6599\uff09\u56e0\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6548\u679c\u56e0\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6728\u5934\u662f\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u6750\u6599\u56e0\uff0c\u6728\u5320\u662f\u5176\u6548\u679c\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5c06\u56e0\u4e0e\u7406\u7531\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u6267\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u5426\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u8c1c<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8868\u8ff0\u662fX\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5438\u70df\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4Y\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u80ba\u764c\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7406\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u56e0\u201d\u3002\u5438\u70df\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u826f\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u6dc6\u56e0\u4e0e\u7406\u7531\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u9e21\u548c\u86cb\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u4ec5\u4e0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u51fa\uff0c\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8f66\u7978\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    2.2 \u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5f53\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8868\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94fe\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5feb\u4e8e\u5149\u901f\uff08Sorkin, 1991\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e8e\u679c\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u96c6\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6 <\/span>\u2112 = (\ud835\udc41, \u227a ) <\/span>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u227a <\/span>\uff08\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u6d41\u5f62\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7c7b\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u7269\u7406\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Bombelli et al., 1987\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    (a) \u4f20\u9012\u6027\uff1a (\u2200\ud835\udc65, \ud835\udc66, \ud835\udc67 \u2208 \ud835\udc41) \u5982\u679c\ud835\udc65 \u227a \ud835\udc66 \u4e14 \ud835\udc66 \u227a \ud835\udc67 <\/span>\uff0c\u5219  \ud835\udc65 \u227a \ud835\udc67<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
    (b) \u975e\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\uff1a (\u2200\ud835\udc65 \u2208 \ud835\udc41)(\ud835\udc65\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\ud835\udc65 \u227a \ud835\udc65<\/span><\/span>).<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6761\u4ef6(a)\u548c(b)\u90fd\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u6697\u793a\u5728<\/span>\u2112<\/span>\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u73af\u3002\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6e90\u4e8e\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u5929\u53c8\u4e00<\/span>\u5929\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b<\/span>\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6x\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u4e14\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff09\u4e8b\u4ef6y\u548cz\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5305\u542bx\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u5c06\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542by\u548cz\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u3002<\/span>\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6z\u7531x\u548cy\u540c\u65f6\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5305\u542b\u4e8b\u4ef6x\u548cy\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u5c06\u6c47\u805a\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6z\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u6446\uff09\u548c\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6446\uff09\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u77ac\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u662f\u56e0\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u662f\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u548c\u591a\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u6c47\u805a\u548c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8d2f\u7a7f\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u56e0\u679c\u96c6\u2112<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u2112<\/span>\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u8d2f\u7a7f\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u690b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u98de\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u534f\u540c\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08Barnet and Seth, 2021\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7fa4\u9e1f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5b83\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u201d\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u9e1f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6570\u503c3D\u6a21\u62df\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u516d\u5230\u4e03\u53ea\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u9e1f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff08Ballerini et al., 2008\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523bt\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b83\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53cd\u590d\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u865a\u5047\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u73af\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u2112<\/span>\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u591a\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u96ea\u5d29\uff08Cavagna et al., 2010\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08Bak et al., 1987; Kauffman, 1993; Adami, 1995; Chialvo, 2004; Aguilera and Di Paolo, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u63cf\u8ff0\u690b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9065\u8fdc\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u73af\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5355\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u201c\u4f53\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u6446\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    2.3 \u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u96c6\u5408\u2112<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u5411\u65e0\u73af\u56feG=(N,E)\u8fdb\u884c\u5c40\u90e8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dN\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\uff08\u6709\u9650\uff09\u96c6\u5408\uff0c<\/span>\ud835\udc38 \u2286 \ud835\udc41 \u00d7 \ud835\udc41 <\/span>\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679cG\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7981\u6b62\u95ed\u73af\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u7ed9\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6982\u7387\uff08Pearl, 2000\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u5faa\u73af\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u622a\u53d6\u56e0\u679c\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u5411\u65e0\u73af\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cPearl\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7406\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u81ea\u884c\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/span>\uff1a\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u901d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u5316\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9645\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u83b7\u53d6\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u5bf9\u590d\u4ec7\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9c8d\u52c3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6548\u56e0\u201d\uff08Woodward\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5979\u5bf9\u590d\u4ec7\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u94fe\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u6263\u52a8\u67aa\u7684\u6273\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5f39\u7c27\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u649e\u9488\u51fb\u53d1\u4e86\u5b50\u5f39\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5f39\u5934\u6cbf\u7740\u67aa\u7ba1\u8f68\u8ff9\u98de\u51fa\uff0c\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e86\u9c8d\u52c3\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9c8d\u52c3\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e19\u6cca\u915a\u7684\u6ce8\u5c04\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u8bc6\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7ba1\u7406\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u56e0\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7406\u7531\u201d\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u7fa4\u9e1f\u8bf4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff08Rosas et al., 2020; Luppi et al., 2021; Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u5bf9\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff08Noble et al., 2019; Ellis and Kopel, 2019\uff09\u3002\u6709\u70b9\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5411\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u8111\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    2.4 \u56e0\u679c\u548c\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5411\u7c7b\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\uff08Granger causality\uff09\u6216\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\uff08Transfer Entropy, TE\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\uff08Granger, 1969; Schreiber, 2000\uff09\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6X\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u603b\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u4ef6Y\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u7406\u7531\u201d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6df7\u6dc6\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ea6\u91cf\u5c0a\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u6b63\u786e\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u6df7\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u518d\u6b21\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e0e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff08Jaeger and Calkins, 2011; Hoel, 2017; Flack, 2017; Grasso et al., 2021\uff09\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    3. \u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u56e0\u679c<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u662f\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4ea4\u4e92\uff08Wibral et al., 2015; Timme and Lapish, 2018; Piasini and Panzeri, 2019\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u9999\u519c\uff08Shannon 1948\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5608\u6742\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u4e0a\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4ece\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f93\u5165X\u548c\u8f93\u51faY\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u65e0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u901a\u9053\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cfC\u7531\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    C=I(X;Y)=H(X)-H(X|Y)\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u662f\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u901a\u9053\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u71b5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u542b\u4e49\uff1aH\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u9999\u519c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a5\u8fde\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684H\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684H\u4e4b\u548c\u201d\uff08Shannon, 1948\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u52a0\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1a \ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c) = \ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4b) + \ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4c).<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    3.1 \u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5ea6\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u901a\u9053\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u65e0\u566a\u58f0\u7684\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u201d\u6210\u4e00\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u91cfX\u662f\u56e0\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cfY\u662f\u679c\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u65e2\u5145\u5f53\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u53c8\u5145\u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u4e24\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u8f93\u5165X\u548c\u8f93\u51faY\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5f52\u4e8e\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62c9\u4f4e\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4c)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u8d1f\uff0c\u4e0a\u754c\u4e3a\ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4b)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u79f0\uff08\u56fe1A\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe1. (A) \u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u9053\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u9053\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8840\u7ba1\u6216\u767d\u8d28\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3002\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002(B) \u4e24\u4f53\uff08\u9876\u90e8\uff09\u6216\u5355\u4f53\uff08\u5e95\u90e8\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d4b\u91cf\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002(C) \u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff08PID\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u591a\uff09\u6e90\u5173\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5c5e\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\uff09\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u63a5\u6536\u5668\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e90\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u81ea\u7136\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f46\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u56de\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ef\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff08Vicente et al., 2011; Ursino et al., 2020\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0bX\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0bY\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aY\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u77e5\u9053X\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u503c\uff0cY\u672a\u6765\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7A\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7B\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ed9\u5b9aB\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u5b9aA\u548cB\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0cB\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff08Barnett et al., 2009\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u591a\uff09\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5982\u679c\u5c06Xt-1<\/sub>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u77e5\u8bc6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Yt-1<\/sub>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0cY\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9884\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc47\ud835\udc38(\ud835\udc4b \u2192 \ud835\udc4c) = \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61; \ud835\udc4b\ud835\udc61\u22121|\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61\u22121) = \ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61|\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61\u22121) \u2212 \ud835\udc3b(\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61|\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc61\u22121, \ud835\udc4b\ud835\udc61\u22121).<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u56fe1B\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ece\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u5927\u8111\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u63a8\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\uff08Wibral et al., 2014\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u53bb\u6355\u83b7\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u672c\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u65f6\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Lizier and Prokopenko, 2010; James et al., 2016; Tehrani-Saleh and Adami, 2018\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6e90\u81ea\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u957f\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe1B\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    3.2 \u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a<\/span>\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u201d<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/span>
    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7531\u4e8e\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u662f\u53ef\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u540c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e24\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u63d0\u4f9b\u76843D\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u89c6\u89c9\u3002\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5173\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cfZ\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u591a\uff09\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8054\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfX\u6216Y\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u534f\u540c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Williams\u548cBeer\uff082010\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/a>\uff08PID\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u201d\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) = \ud835\udc45\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) + \ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4d) + \ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) + \ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d), <\/span>(4)<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\ud835\udc45\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) <\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5305\u542b\u5728X\u548cY\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u4e8eZ\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4d) <\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) <\/span>\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eX\u548cY\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceX\u548cY\u4e00\u8d77\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5355\u72ec\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u534f\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\uff0cX\u548cY\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e8c\u503c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800cZ\u7531XOR\u51fd\u6570\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c<\/span>\ud835\udc4d = \ud835\udc4b \u2295 \ud835\udc4c<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u2295 <\/span>\u662fXOR\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5373 \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4d) = \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) = 0\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8eZ\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u628a\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5374\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9aZ\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002Z\u4e0eX\u548cY\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u534f\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53X\u548cY\u90fd\u5df2\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u51faZ\u7684\u503c\uff08\u56fe1C\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6355\u6349\u5230\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u8d85\u51fa\u5355\u72ec\u7531\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u975e\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\u7684\uff09\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0cXOR\u5f02\u6216\u95e8\u4e0e\u50cf\u9e1f\u7fa4\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u534f\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08Haken and Portugali, 2016; Rosas et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u663e\u793aXOR\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u8fde\u8fb9\u5bf9\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5X\u548cY\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\ud835\udc47\ud835\udc38(\ud835\udc4b \u2192 \ud835\udc4d) = \ud835\udc47\ud835\udc38(\ud835\udc4c \u2192 \ud835\udc4d) =0 \uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cX\u548cY\u5171\u540c\u5bf9Z\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u201c\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u6301\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\u7684\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6301\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u540c\uff08\u975e\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\u7684\uff09\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u5355\u72ec\u4fe1\u606f\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff08Gutknecht et al., 2021\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d) \u2265 \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4d) + \ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d). (5)<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u53ef\u52a0\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7531Williams\u548cBeer\uff082010\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u6c0f\u56fe\u8868\u793aPID\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a\u6574\u4f53\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u90e8\u5206\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4b; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u5c31\u50cf\u53d8\u9b54\u672f\u4e00\u6837\u65e0\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\uff08\u56fe1C\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u534f\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u4e0e\u7b49\u5f0f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u539f\u5b50\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u5355\u4e2a\u6e90\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5b8c\u5168\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7531\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6e90\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6e90\u7684\u8054\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6e90\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u7f3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u7834\u574f\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf<\/sub>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f411<\/sub>\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u5728\u65f6\u95f4t\u5904\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<\/sub>\u5185\u5173\u4e8eZ\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u548c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u6700\u521d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6e90Xi<\/sup><\/span>\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6e90\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u624d\u4f1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u9664\u975e\u660e\u786e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u5728\u5982\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u52a0\u5165\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u7acb\u4f53\u89c6\u89c9\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u95ed\u4e0a\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u6e90\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u775b\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u7b49\u5f0f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PID\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4t\u7741\u5f00\u4e24\u53ea\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\uff08\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff09\u662f\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u534f\u540c\u548c\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u534f\u540c\uff08\u7acb\u4f53\uff09\u6548\u679c\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u91ca\u7b49\u5f0f4\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe1C\u4e2d\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u4e0e\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1f\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    4. \u534f\u540c\u4e0e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u521d\u7531Williams\u548cBeer\uff082010\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684PID\u5e76\u975e\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u5206\u91cf\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc4b, \ud835\udc4c; \ud835\udc4d)<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5f31\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5f97\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\uff08Rosas et al., 2020, Mediano et al., 2022; Varley and Hoel, 2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc1\u660e\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u65f6\u6ede\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8eIIT\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002IIT\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\ud835\udef7<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff08Tononi et al., 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>; \ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>|\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>) > 0. (7)<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u7528\ud835\udef7ID\u6846\u67b6\u53d6\u4ee3PID\u6846\u67b6\uff0cRosas\u7b49\u4eba\uff082020\uff09\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u968f\u9644\uff08supervenient\uff09\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001Xt<\/sub><\/span>\u548cXt+1<\/sub><\/span>\u5206\u522b\u626e\u6f14\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5b(\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>; \ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>) > 0\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\ud835\udc49<\/span>t<\/sub><\/span>\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4ece\ud835\udef7<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u534f\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\uff08synergistic core\uff09\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Luppi et al., 2020\uff09\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9<\/sub><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\uff09\u56e0\u679c \uff08Rosas et al., 2020\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>; \ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>}|\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>) > 0.\uff087\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81\ud835\udc49<\/span>t<\/sub><\/span>\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\ud835\udc49<\/span>t<\/sub><\/span>\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\uff08Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5e(\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>; \ud835\udc49<\/span>t+1<\/sub><\/span>|\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>, \ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>) > 0.\uff088\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\ud835\udef7\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u8fde\u540c\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\uff09<\/span>\u6e90\u4e8e\u5c06\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9999\u519c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u8d28\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5728\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\uff08Flack, 2017; Ellis and Kopel, 2019; Noble et al., 2019\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u547d=\u7269\u8d28+\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff08Walker and Davies, 2016\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7406\u7531\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u56e0\uff08\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edf<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u8d28\u5fc3\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u8d28\u5fc3\u662f\u7269\u4f53\u8d28\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u591a\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8d28\u5fc3\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u865a\u6784\u6027\u662f\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u8d28\u5fc3\u521a\u597d\u843d\u5728\u8f6e\u5ed3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8d28\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8d28\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7b49\u5f0f9\u548c10\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u9644\u53d8\u91cf\ud835\udc49<\/span>t<\/sub><\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cRosas\u7b49\u4eba\uff082020\u5e74\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u4fe1\u606fI(Vt<\/sub><\/span>; Vt+1<\/sub><\/span>)\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u6620\u4e2a\u4f53\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684<\/sub><\/span>\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8d28\u5fc3\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5f15\u529b\u6781\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u72b6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u636e\u79f0\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u9a71\u52a8\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5374\u7a7a\u65e0\u4e00\u7269\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u52a8\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff08\u968f\u9644\uff09\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u80fd\u6bd4\u6d4b\u91cf\u5355\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u968f\u9644\uff09\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u8111\uff08\u5e95\u5c42\uff09\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e2a\u53eb\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a59\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u201c\u82f9\u679c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6a59\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u76f8\u7b49p(x)=0.5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u51c6\u786e\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5979\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7279\u522b\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u89d2\u8272\u8d4b\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u534f\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u7075\u901a\u4e14\u529b\u91cf\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0eTononi\u7b49\u4eba\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u56fe2. \u8d28\u5fc3\u548c\u534f\u540c\u7684\u5c0f\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5728\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u52a8\u6001\u5b66\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u76d2\u201d\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    5. \u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u94fe<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff08Anderson, 1972; Bar-Yam, 2004\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff09\u4ec5\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u7ed9\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u90fd\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5236\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u4fdd\u7559\u7ec6\u8282\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u5982\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u662f\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982\u970d\u5947\u91d1-\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u6a21\u578b\u3001Wilson-Cowan\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u91cf\u65b9\u7a0b\u6216Kuramoto\u8026\u5408\u632f\u8361\u5668\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u73bb\u7483\u5728\u4e0e\u5730\u677f\u78b0\u649e\u65f6\u7834\u788e\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u7531\u6392\u5217\u5728\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u53ea\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u610f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f34\u968f\u53d1\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    5.1 \u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60ef\u6027\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u652f\u914d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08CEP\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u548c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\/\u6216\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u7ec6\u8282\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    CEP\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u6d41\u5f62\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u96c6\u5408<\/span>\u2112 = (\ud835\udc41, \u227a )<\/span>\u4e25\u683c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765<\/span>\uff08Yurchenko, 2023a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u5bfc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0cCEP\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f52\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u662f\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u540c\u6837\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u51fa\u3001\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8f66\u7978\u6216\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u653e\u7535\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u7a7a\u65f7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u7a7a\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u518d\u5230\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u201c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u7740\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u6709\u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    CEP\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u63a8\u8bba1\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u9009\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCEP\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\uff08i\uff09\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5305\u548c\uff08ii\uff09\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u9664\uff08Kim\uff0c1998\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cCEP\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u91d1\u5b97\u9521\uff08Jaegwon Kim\uff09\u76841998\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5305\uff08micro-causal closure\uff09\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u9664\uff08macro-causal exclusion\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    1. \u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5305\uff08Micro-Causal Closure\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u518d\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    2. \u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u9664\uff08Macro-Causal Exclusion\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5fc3\u7075\u56e0\u679c\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0cCEP\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u539f\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u201c\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u77ac\u65f6\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7c7b\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u9988\uff09\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u5411\u4e0a\/\u5411\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u5411\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u8868\u5f81\uff08Noble et al.\uff0c2019\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cCEP\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
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    \n
    \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u539f\u7406\uff08Principle of Biological Relativity\uff09\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Denis Noble\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u679c\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u800c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u66f4\u9ad8\u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1aNoble, Denis. Dance to the Tune of Life\u202f: Biological Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Print.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u63a8\u8bba2\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6df7\u6dc6\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe1B\uff09\u3002\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u2112 <\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u78b0\u649e\uff08\u548c\u5206\u53c9\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u63a8\u8bba2\u5141\u8bb8\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5185\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u4ea4\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u548c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u56fe3A\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
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    \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\uff08overdetermination\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe3. (A) \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u805a\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u94fe\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5e76\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4ece\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u964d\u7ef4\u5230\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u7387\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u201d\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\/\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\uff09\u94fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7eff\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6f14\u5316\u3002CEP\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u4ea4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u94fe\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u94fe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53cc\u91cd\uff08\u5411\u4e0a\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002(B) \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u968f\u9644\u53d8\u91cf\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u904d\u5e03\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5219\u7531\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001<\/sub><\/span>\u8868\u793a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u795e\u7ecf\u56e0\u679c\u94fe<\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08Kim, 2006\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6001M\u548cM*\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u968f\u9644\u5728\u7cfb\u7edfS\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001Q\u548cQ*<\/span>\u4e0a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610fQ\u5bfc\u81f4M*\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u610fQ\u4e5f\u5bf9M*\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679cM\u548cQ\u90fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86M*<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u8eab\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u5982\u5176\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8eab\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u968f\u9644\u53d8\u91cf\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc49t+1<\/sub><\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5927\u8111\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001M\u548cM*<\/span>\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206<\/sub><\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/sub><\/span>\u7531\u5176\u5148\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/sub><\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecb\u5165\u94fe\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u5f53<\/sub><\/span>\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\ud835\udc49<\/span>t<\/sub><\/span>\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u56fe3B\uff09\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u7ec8\uff0cCEP\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5f3a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08\u8fde\u540c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u5f31\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5668\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u673a\u5668\u3002CEP\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0cLibet\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5a01\u80c1\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u5927\u8111\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u7ecf\u5386\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff08Mudrik\uff0c2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c2\u3002\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6d89\u53ca\u91cf\u5b50\u5fae\u89c2\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u70ed\u566a\u58f0\u62b9\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u88ab\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\uff08Brookes, 2017; Jedlicka, 2017\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f71\u54cd\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>\u662f\u7531\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u4f20\u9012\u6027\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\uff09\u96c6\u5408<\/span>\u2112 = (\ud835\udc41, \u227a )<\/span>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u8bba\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u65e0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u56e0\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5168\u77e5\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5996\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\ud835\udc36\u548c\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\ud835\udc5d(\ud835\udc65|\ud835\udc36) =1\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff08\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u867d\u7136\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u5b9a\u7406\u8868\u660e\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5996\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u6211\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u6d41\uff08Tononi et al., 2022\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u6839\u636eCEP\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u5230\ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff08\u56fe3B\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>\u5373\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u7269\u7406\u7684\uff09\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc7ft+1<\/sub><\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\ud835\udc49t<\/sub><\/span>\u548c\ud835\udc49t+1<\/sub><\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u524d\u8005\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u540e\u8005\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6620\u5c04\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u8c1c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u6216\uff08\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff09\u610f\u8bc6\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cCEP\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff08\u56fe4B\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u56fe4. (A) CEP\u901a\u8fc7\u5047\u8bbe\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3002(B) \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7269\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u76f8\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u63a8\u8bba3: \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u6216\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u964d\u7ef4\u6280\u672f\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5e76\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u7ec7\u6210\u7f51\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u65f6\u7a7a\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u7fa4\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5730\u56fe\u6bd4\u9886\u571f\u66f4\u597d\u201d\uff08Hoel, 2017\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u80dc\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\uff08Hoel et al., 2013\uff09\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u300a\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6218\u80dc\u5fae\u89c2<\/a>\u300b\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    5.3 \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    Flack\uff082017\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5bf9\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u7d27\u51d1\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5185\u751f\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u3002\u5185\u751f\uff08\u6216\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff09\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u884c\u661f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u6db5\u76d6\u57fa\u56e0\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u3002CEP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u518d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u90a3\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u672c\u5c42\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff08Bedau, 2006\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u9002\u5408\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\uff09\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\uff08elementary basis\uff09\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e0b\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u6216\u9690\u542b\u5730\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c06\u59cb\u7ec8\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e0a\u754c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u751f\u6001\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8de8\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ecb\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u56fe\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u5408\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u5e76\u672a\u533a\u5206\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c40\u90e8\u805a\u5408\u4e3a\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u56fe\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u6839\u636eCEP\uff0c\u56fe\u8bba\u8868\u793a\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u5e94\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u767d\u8d28\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u89e3\u5256\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8111\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u865a\u5047\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u6709\u5173\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Reid et al., 2019; Weichwald and Peters, 2021; Barack et al., 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cCEP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143B\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5ea61\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684n\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u96c6\u5408\ud835\udc46<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\ud835\udc46 \u2286 \ud835\udc35<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5c3a\u5ea6n\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6n+1\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u53ef\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u66ff\u4ee3\uff08Bar-Yam, 2004\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e25\u683c\u754c\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u5212\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\uff1f\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56f0\u5883\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5806\u6096\u8bba\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5806\u6096\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u7c92\u6c99\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u5806\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u4e00\u7c92\u6c99\u5b50\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u5806\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5806\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5806\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6c99\u5806\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u5806\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u201d\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6570\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u62d3\u6251\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u90bb\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u6781\u9650\uff09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u96c6\uff08\u95ed\u96c6\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ea6\u91cf\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6l\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u6570\u4e3a|n|<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u90bb\u57dfO<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f971 \u2264 \ud835\udc42 \u2264 k\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0cCEP\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4n\u4e2a\u540e\u7eed\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7b49\u4ef7\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u88abn\u4e2a\u5148\u524d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\uff08n\u22651\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7981\u6b62n\u5927\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u90bb\u57df \ud835\udc42<\/span>\uff08n\u2264\ud835\udc42<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4ee5\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u6c99\u5806\u3001\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u690b\u9e1f\u6216\u5927\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u96ea\u5d29\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u96ea\u5d29\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u7c92\u6c99\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u53ea\u690b\u9e1f\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u5f15\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5143\u7d201\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5143\u7d202\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5206\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u7d203\u548c\u5143\u7d204\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u96ea\u5d29\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5411\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u8de8\u8d8a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u5b9e\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523bt\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u90bb\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\ud835\udc42<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u5f71\u54cdn\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08n\u2265<\/span>1<\/span>)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\ud835\udc42<\/span>\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08n<\/span>\u2264<\/span>\ud835\udc42<\/span>\uff09\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u9e1f\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c<\/sub><\/span>\uff08Ballerini et al., 2008\uff09\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e CEP \u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u5174\u594b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7 \ud835\udc42 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u5e76\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4e0e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u652f\u94fe\uff0c\u5176\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u5728\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f15\u53d1\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5171\u540c\u56e0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u56e0\uff0c\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\uff08\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5c06\u662f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7531\u767d\u8d28\u7ea4\u7ef4\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u96ea\u5d29\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u65e0\u9650\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5143\u7d201\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u7d202\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u7d203\u548c\u5143\u7d204\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u540c\u6837\u7684\u96ea\u5d29\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u540c\u65f6\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6574\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u8111\u88ab\u767d\u8d28\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u6240\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    5.4 \u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u975e\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cCEP\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ece\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u6216\u91cf\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\uff1f\uff09\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0cTononi\u7b49\u4eba\uff082022\uff09\u7684\u201c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8bba\u8bc1\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u3002CEP\u539f\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e76\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCEP\u539f\u5219\u5047\u8bbe\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u5927\u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u8111\u533a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6700\u9002\u5f53\uff08\u4f18\u9009\uff09\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08Branchi\uff0c2022\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    6. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Hierarchy\uff09\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff08Mihm et al., 2010; West et al., 1997; Kaiser et al., 2010; Deco and Kringelbach, 2017; Hilgetag and Goulas, 2020\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    6.1 \u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u6309\u7167\u7b49\u7ea7\uff08ranks\uff09\u6216\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08layers\uff09\u6392\u5217\u3002\u5728\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c42\u7ea7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5411\u65e0\u73af\u56fe \ud835\udc3a = (\ud835\udc41, \ud835\udc38\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u534a\u683c<\/span>\u210b = (\ud835\udc41, \u2264)<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u2264<\/span>\u7b26\u53f7\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u5e8f\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5c42\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u5c42\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9N\uff0c\u5c42\u6570\uff08\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff09\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5206\u652f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u5747\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2264<\/span>\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5728\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7531\u6240\u6709\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u590d\u6742\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7ea7\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c8\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u201d\uff08Simon, 1962\uff09\u3002Simon\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u6027\uff08\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u53bb\u9002\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5192\u7740\u635f\u5931\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff08Meunier et al., 2009\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u5e73\u5766\uff09\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e95\u7aef\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5219\u6b21\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff1b\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u7edf\u4e00\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    6.2 \u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u534a\u683c\u210b = (\ud835\udc41, \u2264)<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5e42\u96c6<\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06N\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5143\u7d20\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u5408 {\ud835\udc34} \uff08\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8651{A}\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u6620\u5c04\u5230<\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u53d6\u5e76\u96c6\u548c\u53d6\u4e0b\u754c\u8fd0\u7b97\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u7406\u60f3\u201d\uff08Yurchenko, 2023a\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u5143N\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u679cN\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u0394 <\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    (a) \ud835\udc34, \ud835\udc35 \u2208 \u2206 \u21d2 \ud835\udc34 \u222a \ud835\udc35 \u2208 \u2206;<\/span><\/section>\n
    (b) \ud835\udc34 \u2208 \u2206 & \ud835\udc35 \u2286 \ud835\udc34 \u21d2 \ud835\udc35 \u2208 \u2206. (9)<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6761\u4ef6\uff089a\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u5bf9\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u0394 <\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u5305\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95ed\u5305\u662f\u0394 <\/span>\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u65e0\u5173\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u548c\u5c0f\u9f20\u5927\u8111\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u7269\u79cd\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff08\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u4f53\u5916\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u76ae\u5c42\u5207\u7247\u5219\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002\u0394 <\/span>\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u5206\u5f62\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u65e0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u6a21\u5757\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u0394<\/span>\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\uff09\u7684\u4f2a\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u771f\u6b63\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08Rubinov and Sporns, 2010; Lynn and Bassett, 2019\uff09\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd\u201c\u7ea7\u522b\uff08level\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08layer\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09\u201d\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u8be6\u89c1Kivel\u00e4 et al., 2014\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5c06\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u867d\u7136\u201c\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09\u201d\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08layer\uff09\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e13\u6307\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u76ae\u8d28\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d\uff08multilayer\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5448\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u56fe5A\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u518d\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u56fe5B\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5c06\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u201d\uff08multiscale\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe5. \u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u6570\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002(A) \u9876\u90e8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff08\u6d45\u5c42\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u5708\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u84dd\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff08\u6df1\u5c42\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u9752\u8272\u5706\u5708\uff09\u3002\u5e95\u90e8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u503c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff08\u9752\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09\u751f\u6210\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u8868\u793a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\uff08Carhart-Harris\u548cFriston\uff0c2019\uff09\u3002(B) \u9876\u90e8\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\uff08Lynn\u548cBassett\uff0c2019\uff09\u3002\u5e95\u90e8\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\u94fe\uff08\u84dd\u8272\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684<\/span>\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\uff08\u7c97\u7ea2\u8272\u7ebf\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u201c\u7ea7\u522b\u201d\uff08level\uff09\u603b\u662f\u6697\u793a\u76f8\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6216\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff08multilevel hierarchy\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8fde\u8fb9\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u56fe\uff08edge-labeled multigraph \uff09\uff08Kivel\u00e4 et al., 2014; Boccaletti et al., 2014\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7ea7\u522b\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u989c\u8272\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u7c7b\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4e0a\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u55c5\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u6216\u4f53\u611f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ea7\u3002\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u89e3\u5256\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5206\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff08Signorelli et al., 2022\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u5c5e\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u7f51\u7edc\uff08multilevel networks\uff09\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5957\u5f0f\u65e0\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u5185\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8fde\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u4ece\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08multilayer structure\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u94fe\u6761\u5206\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c24\u5176\u663e\u7740\u3002\u5728\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u210b<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5c3a\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff1b\u800c\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u0394<\/span>\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201c\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u4ece\u5c5e\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684<\/span>\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u6761\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5957\u5a03\u4e00\u6837\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u5185\u90e8\uff08\u56fe5B\uff09\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec5\u6cbf\u7740\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u6761\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u6241\u5e73\uff08\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\uff09\u548c\u5d4c\u5957\uff08\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\uff09\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

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    <\/section>\n

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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    7. \u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d<\/span>\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6709\u5173\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Doerig et al., 2020; Del Pin et al., 2021; Francken et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u666f\u89c2\uff08Markov and Kennedy, 2013; Mesulam, 2012\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4f7f\u7528\u5c42\u6b21\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u76ae\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u89e3\u5256\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff08Rao and Ballard, 1999\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\uff08\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\uff09\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\uff08Clark, 2013; Howl, 2013; Friston et al., 2013\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u6d45\u5c42\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u6df1\u5c42\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\uff08Badcock et al., 2019\uff09\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8be5\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5728\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u5256\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c06\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u9a8c\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6241\u5e73\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\uff08\u56fe5A\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6241\u5e73\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff08Hohwy and Seth, 2020\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5927\u8111\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Baars, 1998; Dehaene and Naccache, 2001; Mashour et al., 2020\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u534f\u540c\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4ee5\u5411\u5c40\u90e8\u6a21\u5757\u5e7f\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff08Safron, 2020; VanRullen and Kanai, 2021\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6216\u8c03\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Northoff and Lamme, 2020; Signorelli et al., 2021; Seth and Bayne, 2022\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ec4\u7ec7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u80fd\u5426\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u65bd\u52a0\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\uff08\u548c\u6d88\u9664\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ea7\u751f\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u5411\u4e0b\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u975e\u6d89\u53ca\u9690\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u8003\u6846\u67b6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u800c\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u88ab\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u9009\u8f74\u6765\u8d4b\u4e88\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e0e\u8c08\u8bba\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u534a\u7403\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8c08\u8bba\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e0a\u90e8\u548c\u4e0b\u90e8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u9009\u7684\u8f74\u7ebf\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u8fdb\u5316\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f74\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7531\u8111\u5e72\u5230\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8f74\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u5982\u8111\u5e72-\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u5524\u9192\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f74\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0e\u2282<\/span>-\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u94fe\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u210b<\/span>\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u0394<\/span>\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u534a\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08semilattice\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u5c06\u662f\u2018\u6b63\u4ea4\u2019\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5bf9\u5076\u6027\u6765\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u4f53\uff08connectome\uff09\uff08Sporns et al., 2005; Bennett et al., 2018\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94fe\u63a5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff08Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; Damoiseaux and Greicius, 2009; Mess\u00e9 et al., 2014; Fukushima et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u53cd\u6620\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u201c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6240\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u0394<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u5728\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8de8\u8d8a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u56fe5B\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u662f\u5728\u4ecb\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u4ec5\u6307\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8111\u767d\u8d28\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u662f\u7531\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4ecb\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Baars, 1998; Dehaene and Naccache, 2001\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53d8\u5f97\u6574\u5408\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u56fe6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe6. \u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u548c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3002\uff08A\uff09\u5728\u6241\u5e73\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6743\u529b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5728\u4e0b\u6e38\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7981\u6b62\u4ee5\u5927\u8111\u7684\u534f\u540c\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ea7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u4f53\uff08connectome\uff09\uff08\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5143\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u786c-\u8f6f-\u5fc3\u7406\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u795e\u7ecf\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u6839\u636eCEP\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6240\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001Vt<\/sub><\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\ud835\udc7ft<\/sub><\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    8. \u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u8eab\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c<\/span>\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u4e30\u5bcc\uff08Newsome, 2008\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u89e3\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08Davies, 2012; Ellis, 2012\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff08synergistic effects\uff09\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u4e8ePID\u6846\u67b6\uff08Williams and Beer, 2010\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\ud835\udef7-\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff08Rosas et al., 2020, Luppi et al., 2021; Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7531\u5fae\u89c2\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u201c\u534f\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\uff08Luppi et al., 2020\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u5411\u5927\u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6a21\u5757\u5e7f\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7684\uff08Landauer, 1961\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4f53\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u534f\u540c\u4e2d\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4fe1\u606f\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5176\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u56e0\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4ece\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u53ea\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7a81\u7136\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u95ea\u70c1\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08flickering emergence\uff09\uff08Varley, 2023\uff09\u3002Varley \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u95ea\u70c1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5ea6\u91cf\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u7fa4\u690b\u9e1f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9e1f\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9e1f\u7a81\u7136\u5206\u6563\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u9e70\u7a81\u7136\u730e\u98df\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u5728\u66f4\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6bcf\u4e00\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\uff08\u5bf9\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff08Rosas et al., 2020; Luppi et al. 2021; Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff08\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f 7\uff09\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u968f\u9644\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6709\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff08Fig. 3B\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f 8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8054\u5408z\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f7\u548c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f8\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\uff08Mediano et al., 2022\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0=\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026+\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\uff1f\uff09CEP\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\uff08\u63a8\u8bba1\uff09\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u63a8\u8bba2\uff09\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0cCEP\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u534f\u540c\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\uff08synergistic homunculus\uff09\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u56fe6\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53d7\u5230\u4e86Hoel\u7b49\u4eba\uff082013\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\uff08Oizumi et al., 2013\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u3002\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u964d\u7ef4\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u8a00\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u7b49\u6982\u7387\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u591a\u5c11\u5bf9\u5176\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5197\u4f59\u6216\u566a\u58f0\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b8f\u89c2\u80dc\u8fc7\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u201d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5728\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c31\u50cf\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8d77\u7740\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\u8981\u6709\u5e8f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u964d\u4f4e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span>
    <\/section>\n

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    Hoel\u7b49\u4eba\uff082013\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u9e1f\u6216\u4eba\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u7ea0\u7f20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\uff08\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff09\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5177\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c34\u5e73\u6027\u201d\uff08horizontality\uff09\uff08Rosas et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u5730\u56fe\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u65e0\u6cd5\u9886\u7565\u9ad8\u9636\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u9886\u571f\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u679c\uff09\uff08Hoel 2017\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u5177\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u529b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\u6bd4\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\u66f4\u6709\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\u4f7f\u5f97\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\uff08\u63a8\u8bba3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0eBarnett\u548cSeth\uff082021\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/a>\uff08dynamical independence\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u662f\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u968f\u9644\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u5fae\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\uff08Barnett and Seth, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\u6240\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u63a8\u8bba1\u30012\u548c3\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u800c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\uff08Rosas et al., 2018\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6e90\u6027\uff08\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff09\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff08Flack, 2017\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5c3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5185\u6e90\u6027\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u65f6\u7a7a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u4e00\uff08\u7269\u7406\u538b\u7f29\u7684\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08Bedau, 2010\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0eHoel\u7b49\u4eba\uff082013\uff09\u548cRosas\u7b49\u4eba\uff082020\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8eab\u5fc3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4e3b\u4f53\u8c2c\u8bef\uff08Maoz et al., 2019\uff09\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u4e3b\u4f53\u8c2c\u8bef\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Libet\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u8fdd\u80cc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff09\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5982\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\uff0c\u5f53\u60a3\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u611f\u88ab\u75db\u82e6\u5730\u626d\u66f2\u65f6(Oudheusden et al., 2018; Malik et al., 2022)\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b?\u5982\u679c\u75f4\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u7531\u89c9\u9192\u6807\u51c6\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f46\u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5462?<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8bf8\u5982\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08IIT\uff09\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\uff08PPT\uff09\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff08GWT\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u7535\u5f71\u7406\u8bba\uff08Cinematic Theory\uff09\uff08Freeman, 2008; Kozma and Freeman, 2017\uff09\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff08Cognitive Evolution Theory\uff09\uff08Yurchenko 2022, 2023b\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u8003\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u2282<\/span>-\u94fe\u5411\u4e0a\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5143\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5168\u8111\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff08mean field approximations\uff09\u6216\u8026\u5408\u632f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff08coupled oscillators models\uff09\uff08\u76f8\u5173\u7efc\u8ff0\u89c1Cocchi et al., 2017; Cofr\u00e9 et al., 2020; Vohryzek et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\uff08self-organized criticality\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u884c\u4e8e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u6027\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u6fc0\u53d1\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u632f\u8361\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\uff08Plenz et al., 2021\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u8212\u9002\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba\u8005\uff08panpsychist\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u514d\u75ab\uff0c\u6cdb\u7075\u8bba\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\uff08Hunt and Schooler, 2019\uff09\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\uff08Tononi and <\/span>Koch, 2015\uff09\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08Zeki, 2003\uff09\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u62c5\u5fc3\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u57f9\u517b\u76bf\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff08Lamme, 2018\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u517c\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u5927\u8111\u56e0\u679c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u517c\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u5730\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3b\u4f53\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fc7\u53bb\u9884\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff08\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\uff09\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08Rolls, 2020\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa<\/span>\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    9. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u904d\u5e03\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u5728\u56f4\u7ed5\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cd\u71c3\u4e86\u201c\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u65e7\u706b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u663e\u793a\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u70b9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u975e\u6697\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u540d\u8bcd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bf9\u7167\u8868\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Double causation fallacy: \u53cc\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u8c2c\u8bef<\/span><\/p>\n

    Cartesian dualism: \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Privileged scale: \u4f18\u9009\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n

    Emergence, emergent: \u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mind-brain: \u5fc3\u667a-\u5927\u8111<\/span><\/p>\n

    Coarse-graining: \u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n

    Causal power: \u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mental causation: \u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mind-body: \u8eab\u5fc3<\/span><\/p>\n

    Homunculus: \u5c0f\u4eba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Panpsychism: \u6cdb\u7075\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Predictive Processing Theory (PPT): \u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Global Workspace Theory (GWT): \u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Information Integrated Theory (IIT): \u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

    Partial Information Decomposition (PID): \u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/p>\n

    Causal Equivalence Principle (CEP): \u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n

    Supervenient: \u968f\u9644<\/span><\/p>\n

    Transfer entropy (TE): \u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mesoscale: \u4ecb\u89c2\uff08\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

    Overdetermination\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

    Elementary basis: \u57fa\u7840\u5143<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hierarchy: \u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n

    Synergistic Core: \u534f\u540c\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n


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    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    \n
    Adami, C. 1995. Self-organized criticality in living systems. Phys. Lett. A 203(1), 29-32.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Aguilera, M., Di Paolo, E.A. 2021. Critical integration in neural and cognitive systems Beyond power-law <\/span>scaling as the hallmark of soft assembly. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 123, 230\u2013237.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Anderson, P.W. 1972. More is different. Science 177, 393\u2013396.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Auletta, G., Ellis, G.F.R., Jaeger, L. 2008. Top-down causation by information control: from a philosophical <\/span>problem to a scientific research programme. J. R. Soc. Interface. 51159\u20131172.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Baars, B.A. 1988. Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Badcock, P.B., Friston, K.J., Ramstead, M.J.D. 2019. The hierarchically mechanistic mind: a free-energy <\/span>formulation of the human psyche. Phys. Life Rev. 31, 104-121.<\/span><\/section>\n
    Bak, P., Tang, C., Wiesenfeld, K. 1987. Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1\/f noise. Phys. Rev. <\/span>Lett. 59, 381\u2013384.<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u6b64\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u56f4\u7ed5\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fa8\u8bc6\u300d\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9 Erik Hoel \u63d0\u51fa\u7684 Causal Emergence\uff0cCausal Geometry \u7b49\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u548c\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u68b3\u7406\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7ea6\u7b80\u3001\u9690\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u501f\u9274\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u8005\u6d8c\u73b0\u63a2\u6d4b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63<\/strong>\u6b63\u5728\u7b79\u5907\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u68b3\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u793e\u533a\u805a\u96c6\u4e86500+\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8bba\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u9501\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f55\u64ad\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u672c\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8be6\u60c5\u4e0e\u62a5\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    1. <\/strong>\u8111\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u534f\u540c\u6838\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2. <\/strong>\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\u201d\u521d\u63a2\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    3.<\/strong>  George Ellis \u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong> 124\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6279\u8bc4\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u662f\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u8bc6\u96be\u9898\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    5. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    6. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    7. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5bfc\u8bed \u5927\u8111\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1f\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u5fc3\u7075\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u610f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":45929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45950"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45950"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=45950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}