{"id":46108,"date":"2023-10-28T10:03:13","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T02:03:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46108"},"modified":"2023-10-28T10:03:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-28T02:03:13","slug":"%e7%bb%b4%e7%ba%b3%ef%bc%8c%e6%98%94%e6%97%a5%e7%a5%9e%e7%ab%a5%e5%92%8c%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46108","title":{"rendered":"\u7ef4\u7eb3\uff0c\u6614\u65e5\u795e\u7ae5\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201cI want to be the master of nobody\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u2014\u2014Norbert Wiener<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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1894\u5e7411\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u82cf\u91cc\u5dde\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6210\u540d\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u4e24\u90e8\u81ea\u4f20\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u662f1953\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6614\u65e5\u795e\u7ae5\u300b\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ae5\u5e74\u5f80\u4e8b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u662f1956\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u540e\u534a\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2Bertha Kahn\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5bc6\u82cf\u91cc\u5dde\uff0c\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2Leo Wiener\u5219\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u5b66\u6210\u624d\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66Slavic\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u7531\u7236\u4eb2\u4e00\u624b\u5305\u529e\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\uff0c9\u5c81\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165Ayer\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c12\u5c81\u6210\u4e3aTufts\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u751f\uff0c15\u5c81\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5174\u8da3\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u56e0\u5929\u751f\u773c\u75be\u505a\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u9519\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u3002\u968f\u540e\u8f6c\u5230\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Cornell\uff09<\/span>\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u4fee\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u653b\u8bfb\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c18\u5c81\u83b7\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8ddf\u968f\u7f57\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Bertrand Russell\uff09<\/span>\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u826f\u5e08\u76ca\u53cb\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u6700\u597d\u80fd\u591a\u61c2\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u79c9\u627f\u5e08\u8bad\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u9009\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u54c8\u4ee3<\/span>\uff08G.H. Hardy\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u674e\u7279\u5c14\u4f0d\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08John E. Littlewood\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e25\u683c\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u968f\u673a\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u8bba\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u662f\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e0a\u628a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u51fd\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6d4b\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d4b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u7eb3\u79ef\u5206\u3002\u540e\u6765\u65e5\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u85e4\u6e05<\/span>\uff08Kiyosi It\u00f4\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u79ef\u5206\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1923-1925\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u52bf\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8fde\u7eed\u8fb9\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u7684Dirichlet\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u7cbe\u786e\u5e7f\u4e49\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7d27\u96c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bb9\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u6027\u5224\u636e\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5927\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f4d\u52bf\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1926\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ee5Guggenheim\u5b66\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u518d\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u3002\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u501f\u6765\u5404\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5199\u6210Fourier\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u901a\u8baf\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u679c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u62ff\u8d6b\u4ee3\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u8bbaTauber\u5b9a\u7406\u7b49\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u88ab\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u4e0e\u6ce2\u6069<\/span>\uff08Max Born\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1926\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u64cd\u529e\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u59d1\u5a18Marguerite Engelmann\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1929\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u56de\u5230MIT\u540e\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d17\u5e74\u5e76\u5728MIT\u4efb\u804c\u8bb2\u5e0810\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5b66\u9662\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5929\u624d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5173\u7167\u2014\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u7ef4\u7eb3\u56e0\u9752\u5e74\u5f97\u5fd7\u800c\u56fa\u6b65\u81ea\u5c01\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1929\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8fd8\u6307\u5bfc\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u7535\u8bdd\u516c\u53f8\u5b9e\u4e60\u7684MIT\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u674e\u90c1\u8363<\/span>\uff08Yuk-Wing Lee\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u201cLee\u2014Wiener\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u9879\u4e13\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1932\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u666e\u592b<\/span>\uff08Eberhard Hopf\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u970d\u666e\u592b\u5173\u4e8e\u8f90\u5c04\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u4e00\u7c7b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5728\u534a\u65e0\u7a77\u533a\u95f4\u4e0a\u5e26\u5dee\u6838\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u79ef\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u65b9\u7a0b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u7eb3\u2014\u970d\u666e\u592b\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1932\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u5173Tauber\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u6f02\u4eae\u6210\u679c\u4e0e\u6469\u5c14\u65af<\/span>\uff08Samuel F. B. Morse\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e94\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684B\u00f4cher\u5956\uff0c\u5e76\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1935-1936\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5df2\u5b66\u6210\u56de\u56fd\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7535\u673a\u7cfb\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u6885\u8d3b\u7426\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u718a\u5e86\u6765\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u4efb\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u548c\u7535\u673a\u7cfb\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u548c\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76Fourier\u53d8\u6362\u6570\u5b66\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4e86\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u8ba9\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7ebf\u6027\u6ee4\u6ce2\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u901a\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u548c\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u4e00\u9053\u4e0e\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u540dMIT\u535a\u58eb\u6d77\u5f52\u987e\u6bd3\u7407<\/span>\uff08Yu-Hsiu Ku\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u62df\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u7ef4<\/span>\u7eb3\u975e\u5e38\u73cd\u60dc\u4ed6\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u57281954\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b81\u613f\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u76841935\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u521b\u7acb\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u2014\u770b\u6765\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u601d\u2014\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8c08\u53ca\u3002<\/span>\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u548c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u7ed3\u4e3a\u597d\u53cb\u3002<\/span>1936\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e741200\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e59\u7c7b\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u53bb\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u4fee\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4fbf\u4eb2\u81ea\u5199\u4fe1\u628a\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u4e86\u54c8\u4ee3\u3002<\/span>\u7ef4\u7eb3\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u9f13\u52a8\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u53bb\u6e05\u534e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u65f6\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u592b\u5987\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u6885\u8d3b\u7426\u3001\u718a\u5e86\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u5206\u522b\u5199\u4e86\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002<\/span>\u53ef\u60dc\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5168\u76d8\u8ba1\u5212\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1936\u5e74\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0e\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7535\u673a\u7cfb\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u5f71\uff1a\u524d\u6392\u5de6\u4e8c\u674e\u90c1\u8363\uff0c\u5de6\u4e09\u987e\u6bd3\u79c0\uff0c\u5de6\u56db\u7ef4\u7eb3<\/span><\/section>\n

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1938\u5e74\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5e7f\u4e49\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u9f50\u6027\u6df7\u6c8c<\/span>\uff08homogeneous chaos\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u610f\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u8005\u8d70\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1940\u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u4e0e\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u548c\u987e\u6bd3\u7407\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7ed9\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u8303\u5185\u74e6\u00b7\u5e03\u4ec0<\/span>\uff08Vannevar Bush\uff09<\/span>\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u957f\u4fe1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51e0\u6761\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u7a0b\u5f0f\u800c\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u800c\u975e\u673a\u68b0\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1b\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1b\u5728\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5e03\u4ec0\u5f53\u5e74\u5728MIT\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u662f\u674e\u90c1\u8363\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u63a8\u624b\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u5f53\u7136\u5341\u5206\u660e\u767d\u5e76\u8d5e\u540c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5e03\u4ec0\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u7ef4\u7eb3\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5e03\u4ec0\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u9519\u4e86\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u9ad8\u901f\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201c\u7231\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b\u201d<\/span>\uff08ENIAC\uff1aElectronic Numerical Integrator And Computer\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1942\u5e74\u5728\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08U Penn\uff09<\/span>\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u67ef\u5c14\u83ab\u54e5\u6d1b\u592b<\/span>\uff08A. N. Kolmogorov\uff09<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5e73\u7a33\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4f30\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5173\u4e8e\u901a\u8baf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u671f\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u73ed\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u540e\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u5362\u65af<\/span>\uff08Arturo Rosenblueth\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u65e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u522b\u683c\u52b3<\/span>\uff08Julian H. Bigelow\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u9ea6\u514b\u5361\u6d1b<\/span>\uff08WarrenS. McCulloch\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5339\u8328<\/span>\uff08Walter Pitts\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u6279\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u5728\u201c\u5404\u79cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u65e0\u4eba\u533a\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8bed\uff09<\/span>\u91cc\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u5c55\u2014\u5176\u65f6\u4ed6\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5229\u514b\u83b1\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08C. J. R. Licklider\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728MIT\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u4f59\u751f\u30021953-1964\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u65f6\u6709\u51fa\u8bbf\uff0c\u5230\u8fc7\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u8377\u5170\u548c\u745e\u5178\u8bb2\u5b66\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u91cd\u8bbf\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1959\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u4e0bMIT\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c65\u5c81\u7684\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4eceMIT\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1960\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5e94\u9080\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86IFAC<\/span>\uff08International Federation of Automatic Control\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u4e0a\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6d3b\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u4ed6\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u3002\u201d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328<\/span>\uff08Gottfried W. Leibniz\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5f53\u5e74\u80fd\u4ee5\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u5b66\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u53bb\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u51fa\u5e2dIFAC\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd8\u6709\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5de5\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u901a\u4fe1\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u8bd1\u6210\u4fc4\u6587\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u548c\u4e1c\u6b27\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8ba9\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u88ab\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1963\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u4e0e\u9b54\u201d<\/span>\uff08God and Golem\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u8c08\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5c06\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u51b2\u51fb\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1964\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8363\u83b7\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u52cb\u7ae0\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u201c\u5728\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u5e76\u4e14\u52c7\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u53bb\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5f02\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5e743\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u745e\u5178\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e78\u75c5\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7470\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53731967\u5e74\uff0cMIT\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u5171\u540c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e09\u5e74\u9881\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u30021987\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e13\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\u53c8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86Norbert Wiener Award for Social and Professional Responsibility\u5e74\u5ea6\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684Cybernetics<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e00\u751f\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587240\u591a\u7bc7\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c14\u672c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u662f Cybernetics \u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Cybernetics \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7684 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span>\uff08kybern\u0113t\u0113s\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u201c\u9886\u822a\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u57f9<\/span>\uff08Andr\u00e9-Marie Ampere\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Essai sur la philosophie des sciences\uff0cv1, 1834; v2, 1843\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u9999\u519c<\/span>\uff08Claude Shannon\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ece\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u8def\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8be0\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0c\u628a\u6d88\u606f\u770b\u4f5c\u53ef\u6d4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u5e73\u7a33\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u6362\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u9999\u519c\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea6\u65f6\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u71b5\u201d\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fde\u7eed\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u7684\u9999\u519c\u2014\u7ef4\u7eb3\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u611f\u6982\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5149\u8363\u5e94\u5f52\u4e8e\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6559\u6388\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u8c03\u8282\u539f\u7406\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u706b\u70ae\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86Cybernetics\u7406\u8bba\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0e\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u5362\u65af\u548c\u522b\u683c\u52b3\u5408\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201cBehavior, purpose and teleology\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u539f\u56e0\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bd5\u63a2\u548c\u53cd\u590d\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u54f2\u5b66\u6587\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u9988\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5f00\u521b\u4e86Cybernetics\u5373\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff0c\u52301945\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u653e\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u5bf9\u5229\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5236\u4f5c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u6df1\u8868\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1947\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728The Atlantic Monthly\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u7f72\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\u201cA scientist rebels\u201d\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ce8\u91cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9053\u5fb7\u5e76\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u57281948\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u2014\u6216\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5,\u5982\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9547\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u5021\u5bfc\u4e86\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u6108\u6765\u6108\u72ed\u7a84\u9886\u57df\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u65af\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5b9a\u5730\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u7532\u866b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6ee1\u5634\u8bb2\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u884c\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u672c\u8eab\u90a3\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u628a\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5df1\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u5bb6\u5730\u76d8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u7ef4\u7eb3\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u63c9\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u95e8\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff1aCybernetics\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1954\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u53c8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u4e66The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u4eba\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7528\u5904\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u523b\u5212\u662f\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u611f\u89c9\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6216\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u90fd\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u5b58\u8d2e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u4f5c\u88c5\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7531\u611f\u89c9\u88c5\u7f6e\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u53bb\u4e0e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5219\u504f\u5dee\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u52a8\u4f5c\u88c5\u7f6e\u4f5c\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u504f\u5dee\u4fe1\u53f7\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u7ef4\u7eb3\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6b63\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u50cf\u5927\u8111\u4e00\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8c\u8005\u6781\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u636e,\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5080\u5121\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u4f46\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u63a8\u800c\u5e7f\u4e4b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8fc7\u4efd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8d22\u5bcc\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u632f\u52a8\u6ce2\u76f8\u4f4d\u540c\u6b65\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8270\u6df1\u7684Fourier\u79ef\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u56e0\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ef4\u7eb3\u548c\u9999\u519c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u65e2\u5408\u4f5c\u53c8\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u9999\u519c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7ef4\u7eb3\u575a\u6301\u8d70\u6a21\u62df\u800c\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u800c\u975e\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u7ef4\u7eb3\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u75af\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u795e\u7ae5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u5fc3\u7075\u9634\u5f71\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u795e\u7ae5\u7684\u8d85\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u8ba9\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fd1\u89c6\uff0c\u5728MIT\u4efb\u6559\u671f\u95f4\u4e25\u91cd\u5230\u8981\u6478\u7740\u5899\u58c1\u624d\u80fd\u8d70\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u66f4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u72c2\u8e81\u75c7\u72b6\u5e76\u5bf9\u540c\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bf4\u8fc7\u6709\u81ea\u6740\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u3002Flo Conway\u548cJim Siegelman\u5199\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u300aDark Hero of the Information Age\u300b\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u751f\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u59bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u70ed\u5fc3\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u592b\u4eba\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4e08\u592b\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u5916\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5973\u513f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7eef\u95fb\u3002\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7ef4\u7eb3\u540e\u6765\u6e10\u6e10\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u670b\u53cb\u751a\u81f3\u5916\u754c\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u7edd\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e5\u72ec\u5904\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u62d2\u7edd\u5404\u79cd\u8363\u8a89\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u6d3b\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u30021953\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u521b\u7684Cybernetics\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u76f4\u52301960\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Rudolf E. Kalman\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u4ee3\u624d\u53c8\u91cd\u83b7\u751f\u673a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f97\u5230\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 <\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u9648\u5173\u8363\uff1aMIT Museum, 2016<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u82f1\u6587\u79d1\u6280\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u6f2b\u8c08 <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u62a5\u544a\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u82f1\u6587\u79d1\u6280\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u6f2b\u8c08<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>11\u67082\u65e519:00<\/span><\/section>\n
\u817e\u8bafID\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>818-139-846<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>199671<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u6211\u7684\u96c6\u667a\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u6b27\u59c6\u548c\u4ed6\u4e24\u6761\u51e0\u4e4e\u592d\u6298\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
7. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u201cI want to be the master of nobody\u201d \u2014\u2014Norbert Wiener \u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005 \u534e\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97 | \u6765\u6e90 \u5b66\u672f\u62a5\u544a\u9884\u544a 11\u67082\u65e5\u665a19:00\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u9648\u5173\u8363\u6559\u6388\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u201c\u82f1\u6587\u79d1\u6280\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u6f2b\u8c08\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u901a\u8fc7\u817e\u8baf\u4f1a\u8bae\u516c\u5f00\u4e3e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":46099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46108"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46108\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46108"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=46108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}