{"id":46355,"date":"2023-11-07T20:08:17","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T12:08:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46355"},"modified":"2023-11-07T20:08:17","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T12:08:17","slug":"%e5%9b%be%e7%81%b5%e5%92%8c%e5%86%af%c2%b7%e8%af%ba%e4%be%9d%e6%9b%bc%e7%9a%84%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%9a%84%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46355","title":{"rendered":"\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u67b6\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hashim M. Al-Hashimi<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u6c6a\u663e\u610f<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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1. \u56fe\u7075\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08Universal Computing Machine\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u673a\uff08Universal Constructor\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08Molecular Computation\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08Biological Computation\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. \u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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Turing, von Neumann, and the computational architecture of biological machines<\/span><\/section>\n
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https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2220022120<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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1. \u56fe\u7075\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff08Universal Computing Machine\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5de8\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5148\u9a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u56e0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7834\u89e3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bc6\u7801<\/span>\uff08\u6069\u5c3c\u683c\u739b\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4ece\u56fe\u7075\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u66fe\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u201c\u901a\u7528\u201d\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f[5]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u53d1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08decision problem\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\uff08David Hilbert\uff09<\/span>\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u89c4\u5219\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u7406\u4e2d\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u516c\u7406\u662f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u771f\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08algorithm\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9075\u5faa\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u201calgorithmi\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201cAl-Khwarizmi\u201d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5316\u7248\u672c\uff0cAl-Khwarizmi \u662f9\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u5f15\u5165\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee3\u6570\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u4ee3\u6570 algebra \u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u201cal-jabr\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7834\u788e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4ee5\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u30021926\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u731c\u60f3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u7684\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u7ea7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5999\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u673a\u5668\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u30021936\u5e74\uff0c24\u5c81\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587[5]\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u548c\u901a\u7528\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7531\u4e00\u6761\u65e0\u9650\u957f\u7684\u78c1\u5e26\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u5934\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u78c1\u5e26\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u6bb5\uff0c\u78c1\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u626b\u63cf\u78c1\u5e26\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u6cbf\u7740\u78c1\u5e26\u5411\u53f3\u6216\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201d\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5141\u8bb8\u673a\u5668\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8be5\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u626b\u63cf\u5230\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u78c1\u5934\u5411\u5de6\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5199\u5165\u201c0\u201d\u6216\u201c1\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u78c1\u5e26\u78c1\u5934\u5904\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001A\u5e76\u626b\u63cf0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u78c1\u5934\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e76\u952e\u51651\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001B\u201d\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u6839\u636e\u626b\u63cf\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u5199\u5728\u78c1\u5e26\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u5219\u662f\u5f53\u673a\u5668\u6700\u7ec8\u505c\u6b62\u65f6\u5199\u5728\u78c1\u5e26\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u56fe\u7075\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u6240\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u78c1\u5e26\u4e0a\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u6765\u5bf9\u5e94\u65e0\u9650\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u4e49\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08Universal Turing machine\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u7528\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08Universal Turing machine\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u673a\u5668\u6765\u679a\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[5]\u3002\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53f0\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f\u8f93\u5165\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u9677\u5165\u6076\u6027\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f52\u8c2c\u6cd5\u6216\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08reductio ad absurdum\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ed6\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53f0\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bc1\u660e\u5c06\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5582\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u628a\u673a\u5668\u5582\u7ed9\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u6307<\/strong><\/span>\uff08self-\u00adreference\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5de7\u5408\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u70ed\u60c5\u62e5\u62a4\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u516c\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u7075\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Kurt G\u00f6del\uff09<\/span>\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5e76\u975e\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u9648\u8ff0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u7406\u4e2d\u8bc1\u660e[6]\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5904\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u673a<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff08Universal Constructor\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u53f0\u80fd\u591f\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u673a\u5668\u7684\u901a\u7528\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e321\u548c0\u7684\u78c1\u5e26[1]\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u201c\u84dd\u56fe<\/strong><\/span>\uff08blueprint\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u78c1\u5e26\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u201c\u6784\u9020\u673a<\/strong><\/span>\uff08constructor\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u7801\u6784\u9020\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u201c\u590d\u5236\u673a<\/strong><\/span>\uff08copying machine\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4[3, 4]\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u300240\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u96e8\u679c\u00b7\u5fb7\u5f17\u91cc\u65af<\/span>\uff08Hugo de Vries\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65b0\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6708\u89c1\u8349\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u81ea\u53d1\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u7e41\u6b96\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201c\u7a81\u53d8<\/span>\uff08mutation\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u5141\u8bb8\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5728\u590d\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\u6709<\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u5668<\/strong>\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong>\u53ef<\/strong>\u6267<\/strong>\u884c<\/strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5668<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u643a\u5e26\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u78c1\u5e26\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u8f6c\u5f55\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\u78c1\u5e26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6784\u9020\u673a\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5c06RNA\u4fe1\u606f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78c1\u5e26\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78c1\u5e26\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u6298\u53e0\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u65f6\uff0cDNA\u78c1\u5e26\u88ab\u805a\u5408\u9176\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u4f20\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u590d\u5236DNA\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u7e41\u6b96\u5e76\u5360\u636e\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Darwinian evolution\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4eceDNA\u5230RNA\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b<\/span>\uff08Francis Crick\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Central Dogma of Molecular Biology\uff09<\/span>\u201d[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1948\u5e749\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8111\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5e0c\u514b\u68ee\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668[1,3]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u76845\u5e74\u524d[8]\uff0c\u5728\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u768412\u5e74\u524d[7]\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0cDNA\u8fd8\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe2.\uff08\u5de6\uff091948\u5e74\u5ba3\u4f20\u5e0c\u514b\u68ee\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u5355\u3002\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u5408\u5f71\u3002\u540e\u6392\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u662f Henry W. Brosin\uff0cJeffress\uff0cPaul Weiss\uff0cDonald B Lindsley\uff0cJohn von Neumann\uff0cJ. M. Nielsen\uff0cR. W. Gerard\uff0cH. S. Liddell\u3002\u524d\u6392\u5206\u522b\u662fWard C Halstead,\uff0cK. S. Lashley\uff0cHeinrich Kl\u00fcver\uff0cWolfgang K\u00f6hler \u548c R. Lorente de No\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6863\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u5458Loma Karklins\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5305\u62ec\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e8e1951\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e0a[3]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6307\u4ee4ID\u5927\u81f4\u5f71\u54cd\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u673aB\u6267\u884c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u6b96\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edfE\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fID\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6027\u72b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u72b6\u4e0e\u7a81\u53d8\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u7e41\u6b96\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u5957\u5efa\u9020\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u662f\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u662f\u201c\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\uff08varying and<\/strong> <\/strong>reactive\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u5e26\u662f\u201c\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u89c2\u5bdf\u800c\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u643a\u5e26\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6bd4\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6765\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u6307\u5bfc\u673a\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u6307\u4ee4\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6307\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6307\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6307\u4ee4<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aA\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aA\u662f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u9020A\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6307\u4ee4B\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9700\u8981C\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0B\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u5e45\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u526f\u672c\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u6c38\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5c06\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u590d\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u590d\u5236\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5177\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u94f8\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u96d5\u5851\u800c\u975e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002DNA\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u4ee5\u9057\u4f20\u5206\u5b50<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5982\u590d\u5236\u7684DNA<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u643a\u5e26\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u7269\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765<\/strong>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u7269\u624d\u80fd\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08self-\u00addescription\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u673a\u5668\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u7a81\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002DNA\u7684\u590d\u5236\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u81ea\u6307\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u7406\u800c\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6784\u9020\u94fe\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u987e\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e0c\u514b\u68ee\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u9c8d\u6797<\/span>\uff08Linus Pauling\uff09<\/span>\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u89e3\u51b3DNA\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a[9]\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Sydney Brenner\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u65e9\u57281952\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6211\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fDNA\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u57281953\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b83\u4e0e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8054\u7cfb[10]\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8fc7\u89c1\u8bc1\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u548c\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[11]\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08Molecular Computation\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u628a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u591a\u8fdc\u5462\uff1f\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u6210\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\u5462<\/strong>\uff1f<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\u7b80\u53f2\u3002<\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Francois Jacob\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u8bfa<\/span>\uff08Jacques Monod\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e2d\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5185\u7279<\/span>\uff08Charles Bennett\uff09<\/span> \u5c06RNA\u805a\u5408\u9176<\/span>\uff08\u5c06DNA\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u66f4\u8282\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668[13]\u3002\u4f46\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u5fb7\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Leonard Adleman\uff09<\/span>\u53c8\u82b1\u4e8620\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Adleman\u5229\u7528DNA\u5355\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210DNA\u53cc\u94fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898[14]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u822a\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u6070\u597d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u9020\u4ee3\u8868\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u822a\u73ed\u7684DNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7ec4\u5408\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Adleman\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Hamiltonian path problem\uff09<\/span>[14]\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Boolean satisfiability problem\uff09<\/span>[15]\u548c\u9a91\u58eb\u653e\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08knight placement problem\uff09<\/span>[16]\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7816<\/span>\uff08biological building blocks\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u836f\u7269\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u8bca\u65ad[17]\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5929\u7136\u5206\u5b50\uff08biomolecules\uff09<\/strong>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u5417<\/strong>\uff1f<\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u76843D\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c1a\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Francois Jacob\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u8bfa<\/span>\uff08Jacques Monod\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e73\u7cd6\u64cd\u7eb5\u5b50<\/span>\uff08lac operon\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7ec6\u83cc\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u7cd6\u6d53\u5ea6\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cd6\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u9176\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u7cd6\u9176\u7279\u5f02\u7684\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u57fa\u56e0\u7684DNA\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u963b\u6b62RNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4ea7\u751f\u7cd6\u9176\u7684mRNA\u3002\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4eceDNA\u4e0a\u8131\u843d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751fmRNA\u548c\u9176\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u5230DNA\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u963b\u65ad\u7cd6\u9176\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5173\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u5b9a\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d\u5206\u5b50\u505c\u7559\u5728DNA\u4e0a\u6216\u79bb\u5f00DNA\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u7cd6\u6d53\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u9176\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u8c03\u6574\u5230\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u89c6\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[18-20]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u632f\u8361\u6216\u6ce2\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u540c\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u201c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7d20\u201d<\/span>\uff08morphogens\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u6269\u6563\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u95f4\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8c79\u5b50\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0a\u7684\u6591\u70b9\u4ece\u5747\u5300\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6240\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u6392\u5217\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6210\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5fae\u89c2\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u539f\u5b50\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5929\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u201c\u626b\u63cf\u201d<\/span>\uff08scan\uff09<\/span>\u5e95\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6784\u8c61<\/span>\uff08conformational\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d<\/span>\uff08states\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6bcf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u50ac\u5316\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5e95\u7269<\/strong>\u626b\u63cf\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5c06\u5199\u57282D\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a1D\u78c1\u5e26\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u82e5\u5e720\u62161\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u7136\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u626b\u63cf\u78c1\u5e26\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5197\u957f\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5f88\u96be\u201c\u4e00\u773c\u201d\u770b\u5230\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u8bc6\u522b\u201d<\/span>\uff08molecular recognition\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u626b\u63cf\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u6b21\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2<\/span>\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/span>\uff080\u62161\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee51D\u5f62\u5f0f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u57283D\u573a\u666f\u5c06\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u56e2\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6570\u5343\u79cd\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u4e0e\u5e95\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u5730\u89e3\u7801\u8be53D\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f73\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5e95\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u56e2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u89e6\u53ca\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u94a5\u5319\u63d2\u5165\u9501\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7c98\u7740\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f39\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u6269\u6563\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u7a7f\u8d8a\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u626b\u63cf\u7ec6\u80de\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u88ab\u6765\u81ea\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f70\u51fb\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e95\u7269\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e95\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u78c1\u5e26\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u8df3\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u8d4b\u4e88\u673a\u5668\u591a\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5c06DNA\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u5185\uff0cDNA\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u6570\u5343\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6784\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u201d<\/span>\uff08conformational states\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5b83\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u4fee\u9970<\/span>\uff08epigenetic modifications\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00\u680b\u5efa\u7b51\u7ed8\u5236\u5efa\u7b51\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u6784\u8c61\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0822\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u666f\u89c2\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6b65\u9aa4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6b65\u9aa4\u65f6\u201c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0cn\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u67092n<\/sup><\/span>\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5177\u6709n\u4e2a\u6784\u8c61\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u7801log2<\/sub><\/span>(n)<\/span>\u6bd4\u7279\u6216log256<\/sub><\/span>(n)\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff081\u5b57\u8282\u670928<\/sup><\/span>=256\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0clog(n)<\/span>\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u71b5\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6784\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u5e93\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u589e\u52a0\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u6982\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDNA\u7684\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u5236DNA\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5355\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6784\u8c61\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u652f\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f55\u89c1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u590d\u5236DNA\u65f6\u7684\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6982\u7387\u5f52\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08Biological Computation\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u7684<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u628a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u78c1\u5e26\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u2014\u2014DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9176\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u590d\u5236DNA\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0cDNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u626b\u63cfDNA\u6a21\u677f\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u5c06\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u653e\u5165\u5176\u7ed3\u5408\u53e3\u888b<\/span>\uff08binding pocket\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u5355\u4f53\u5206\u5b50G\u3001C\u3001A\u548cT\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u888b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5408\u5e76\uff08\u201c\u5199\u5165\u201d\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u6765\u5408\u6210\u4e92\u8865\u7684DNA\u94fe\u526f\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u590d\u5236DNA\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5fc5\u987b\u53ea\u5408\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u914d\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5355\u4f53\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u662f\u201cG\u201d\u5219\u7ed3\u5408\u201cC\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u201cC\u201d\u5219\u7ed3\u5408\u201cG\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u201cA\u201d\u5219\u7ed3\u5408\u201cT\u201d\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u8be5\u5355\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4e0d\u80fd\u201c\u770b\u5230\u201d\u5355\u4f53\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe3.\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u51e0\u4f55\u201d\uff08Watson\u2013Crick geometry\uff09\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u9519\u914d\uff0c\u5982G-T\u548cA-C\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6446\u52a8\u201d\uff08wobble\uff09\u6784\u8c61\u7684\u975e\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u9519\u914d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u4e92\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u5316\uff08tautomerization of the bases\uff09\uff08\u7528\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u914d\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982G-T\u548cA-C\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51e0\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u786e<\/span>\uff08\u77e9\u5f62\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6784\u8c61\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u201c\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u5f62\u6210\u77e9\u5f62\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe4. \u9ad8\u4fdd\u771fDNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5408\u5e76\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u805a\u5408\u9176\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u805a\u5408\u9176\u03b2\u548c\u03b5\u7684\u673a\u5236[23-25]\u3002\uff08A\uff09\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5408\u5e76\u3002\uff08B\uff09\u8bf1\u5bfc\u62df\u5408\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5408\u5e76\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\uff08C\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u78b1\u57fa\u4e92\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u914d\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u805a\u5408\u9176\u6784\u8c61\u666f\u89c2\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u6253\u5f00\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76d6\u5b50<\/span>\uff08lid\uff09<\/span>\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5355\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\uff1b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u5173\u95ed\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76d6\u5b50\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u5355\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u6b63\u786e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u8fdb\u5165\u7ed3\u5408\u53e3\u888b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u6a21\u677f\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u77e9\u5f62\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u3002\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u76d6\u5b50\u4e0e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u95ed\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6784\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u77e9\u5f62\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50\u201d\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u5141\u8bb8\u805a\u5408\u9176\u201c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201d\uff1a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u3002\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5728\u5176\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u6784\u8c61\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u9519\u914d\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5f62\u6210\u50ac\u5316\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u5904\u4e8e\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5355\u4f53\u5c31\u88ab\u5316\u5b66\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u5408\u5e76\u5230DNA\u94fe\u589e\u957f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u5e76\u4e14\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u71b5\u51cf\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u7531\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u5355\u4f53\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5f53\u5355\u4f53\u5408\u5e76\u65f6\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f15\u5bfc\u805a\u5408\u9176\u6cbf\u7740DNA\u78c1\u5e26\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u9762\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u672a\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u805a\u5408\u9176\u64a4\u9500\u50ac\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u56de\u5230\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>:<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6062\u590d\u5173\u95ed<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u533a\u5206\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u548c\u672a\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5c06\u505c\u7559\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5f15\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u672a\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5c06\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u5faa\u73af\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50ac\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u54cd\u5e94\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
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\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6253\u5f00\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u8fd8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f00\u653e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u6cbf\u7740DNA\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4A\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
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\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6539\u53d8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u805a\u5408\u9176\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5f53DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662fDNA\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u526f\u672c\u94fe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bf1\u5bfc<\/strong>\u914d\u5bf9\u7684<\/strong>\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong>\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u9176\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u590d\u523610\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u53ea\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6821\u5bf9\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u805a\u5408\u9176\u91c7\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u6784\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u4e3b\u52a8\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u9176\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u914d\u5bf9\u201d<\/span>\uff08induced- fit\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u805a\u5408\u9176\u53e3\u888b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u6a21\u677f\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u914d\u5bf9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u975e\u77e9\u5f62\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u914d\u4f7f\u76d6\u5b50\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u95ed\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4B\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u95ed\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u534a\u5f00\u201d<\/span>\uff08ajar\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
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\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u5f62\u72b6<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u534a\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u8c61\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u534a\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u65e0\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5408\u5e76\u5355\u4f53\uff08\u56fe4B\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u53e3\u888b\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f15\u8bf1\u6784\u8c61\u8fdc\u79bb\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u95ed\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u540e\u534a\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u53c8\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6253\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u534a\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6253\u5f00\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u95ed\u7136\u540e\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u6700\u7ec8\u4ece\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\u6389\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u88681. \u9ad8\u4fdd\u771fDNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5408\u5e76\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9<\/span>\uff08kinetic proofreading\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u521d\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u8f93\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7ec8\u6001<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u534a\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u7a7a\u767d<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u505c\u6b62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u505c\u6b62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f62\u6210\u50ac\u5316\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6253\u5f00\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5355\u4f53<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6062\u590d\u5173\u95ed<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u534a\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u6253\u5f00\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u534a\u5f00<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u77e9\u5f62<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173\u95ed\u76d6\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/section>\n
\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5728\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6784\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cG\u5355\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5386\u6d89\u53ca\u5355\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u70ef\u9187\u5f62\u5f0f Genol \u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eA\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eT\u914d\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4C\uff09<\/span>[27]\u3002\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u77e9\u5f62\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0cGenol-T\u9519\u914d\u6b3a\u9a97\u805a\u5408\u9176\u6253\u51fa\u9519\u522b\u5b57\uff0c\u6253\u51fa\u201cG\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201cA\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9519\u522b\u5b57\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a81\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e92\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u201d\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u6982\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a1\/100000\uff09<\/span>[28]\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a81\u53d8\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u968f\u673a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a81\u53d8\u662f\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u76843D\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6982\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u8c61\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6267\u884c\u201c\u590d\u5236DNA\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u8868<\/span>\uff08\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u5236DNA\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u201d<\/span>\uff08state diagram\uff09\uff08\u56fe5A\uff09\u6765<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u201d<\/span>\uff08kinetic mechanism\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u56fe5B\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5. DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002\uff08A\uff09DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5408\u5e76\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u3002q0\u3001 q1\u3001 q2\u3001 q3\u548cq4\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793aDNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u5c01\u95ed\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u534a\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e3aMA =\u5339\u914d\uff08\u77e9\u5f62\uff09\uff1bMM =\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff08\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff1bIN =\u5408\u5e76\uff1bBL =\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cq0\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08Trans\uff09\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u201cIN\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u72b6\u6001q0\u3002\uff08B\uff09DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6. \u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6. \u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u662f\u201c\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08FSM\uff0cfinite-\u00adstate machine\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002FSM\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u78c1\u5e26\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3002FSM\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u65cb\u8f6c\u95e8\u5230\u6d17\u7897\u673a\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u552e\u8d27\u673a\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b[4]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5728\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5199\u5165\u548c\u64e6\u9664\u8bbe\u5907\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7FSM\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe5A\u548cB\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86FSM\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u9176\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u5c06\u5316\u5b66\u5e95\u7269\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u7535\u6216\u5149\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u5730\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7531\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684FSM\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5177\u6709\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u6982\u7387\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u4e0b\u63a8\u201d\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/strong><\/span>\uff08 \u201cpushdown\u201d automata \uff09\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u91c7\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u671f\u95f4\u5c06\u7b26\u53f7\u4ece\u201c\u5806\u6808\u201d\u4e2d\u63a8\u5165\u6216\u63a8\u51fa\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u52a9\u9910\u5385\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u53e0\u6258\u76d8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u9876\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e0b\u63a8\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9<\/span>\uff08kinetic proofreading\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5f53DNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u9519\u914d\u88ab\u63a8\u5165\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6c83\u68ee-\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\uff0cDNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u56de\u6eaf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u201d\u53bb\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u63ba\u5165\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u3002RNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u5728\u4ea7\u751fRNA\u65f6\u4e5f\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u53f7[30]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u518d\u5f80\u4e0a\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u662f\u5e26\u6709\u56fe\u7075\u78c1\u5e26\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/strong>\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u78c1\u5e26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9650\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8bfb\u5199\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u78c1\u5e26\uff0c\u5176\u6b8b\u57fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6b8b\u57fa\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u53bb\u9664\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u56e2\u4f1a\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5c06DNA\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7ec4\u86cb\u767d\u4e0a\u5c3e\u90e8\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6807\u8bb0\u5219\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u201c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u201d\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eDNA\u9057\u4f20\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u809d\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u8111\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/strong>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u7aef\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u9002\u5f53\u7684mRNA\u78c1\u5e26\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u548cRNA\u805a\u5408\u9176\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548cRNA\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00[31]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u7528\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u610f\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u3002\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u52d2\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Stephen Wolfram\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08computational irreducibility\uff09<\/span>\u539f\u5219\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8d70\u6377\u5f84\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>[32]\u3002\u800c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb38\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u4ee3\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u9519\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u6377\u5f84\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6d4b\u5e8f\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7528\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Sydney Brenner\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6e34\u671b\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e00\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1 biological computation \u65f6\u505a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u548c\u201c\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\u7684\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee5DNA\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u4e3a\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5355\u7eaf\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u539f\u7406\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u62db\u52df\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u5426\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1f\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u5426\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u52c3\u52c3\u751f\u673a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Giulio Tononi \u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08IID\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u76ee\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 Erik Hoel \u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f Rosas \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff08PID\uff09\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6b64\u540e Rosas \u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u878d\u5408\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u6846\u67b6 \u03a6ID\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\uff08IIT\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff08PID\uff09\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u9999\u519c\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u300c\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u89e3\u5230\u6574\u5408<\/a>\u300d\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u9886\u8854\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u68b3\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4ece\u9999\u519c\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u6cbf\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u201d\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n
\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u89e3\u5230\u6574\u5408\uff5c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/a><\/span>
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\n
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\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6709\u5fc3\uff08\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5265\u5f00\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u5fc3\u810f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u9897\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\uff1b\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u201c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u3002\u66f4\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5907\u9009\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u590d\u6742\u6d3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u6728\u7403(\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e)\u8054\u5408\u5468\u7406\u4e7e\u3001\u738b\u4e1c\u3001\u8463\u8fbe\u3001\u5218\u5b87\u3001\u82d1\u660e\u7406\u3001\u5085\u6e25\u6210\u3001\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u300b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u300b<\/a><\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7855\u535a\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u5165\u7fa4\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u5256\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.  <\/strong>\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u5426\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u8c1c<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>ChatGPT \u5411\u901a\u7528\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong>  <\/strong>\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5668\uff1aChatGPT \u80fd\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong>  \u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u6e90<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u5728\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u4ee5DNA\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1f\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5148\u9a71\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5965\u79d8\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u5374\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u84dd\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u628a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u3002 \u8fd9\u7bc7\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u4e8ePNAS\u7684\u6587\u7ae0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":46343,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46355"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=46355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}