{"id":46724,"date":"2023-11-23T22:08:52","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46724"},"modified":"2023-11-23T22:08:52","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:08:52","slug":"%e4%b8%87%e5%ad%97%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3ai%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc%e5%af%b9%e9%bd%90%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e3%80%81%e5%af%b9%e7%ad%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46724","title":{"rendered":"\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u4ee3AI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5bf9\u7b56\u548c\u5c55\u671b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08AI alignment\uff09\u662f\u5173\u6d89AI\u63a7\u5236\u4e0eAI\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0bAI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fAI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u63a2\u8ba8AI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\uff1b\u7ee7\u800c\u5c55\u793a\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u63d0\u53ca\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u9886\u57df\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u671b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d<\/span>\uff08alignment\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5176\u5185\u6db5\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u76ca\u6df1\u5165\uff0cAI\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ece\u201cAI safety\u201d\u5230\u201cAI alignment\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b9\u5411\u662f\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff1f\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u786e\u4fddAI\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6743\u5229\u9020\u6210\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

1960\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6280\u672f\u540e\u679c\u300b<\/span>\uff08Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u5219\u5bd3\u8a00\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u5219\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bd7\u4eba\u6b4c\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Goethe\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u53d9\u4e8b\u8bd7\u300a\u9b54\u6cd5\u5e08\u5b66\u5f92\u300b<\/span>\uff08Der Zauberlehrling\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u65af<\/span>\uff08W. W. Jacobs\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u300a\u7334\u722a\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Monkey\u2019Paw\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u540c\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8d85\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u9884\u671f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u672a\u66fe\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u3002<\/span>[1]<\/span>\u5e76\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u501f\u52a9\u673a\u5668\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u673a\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08alignment research center\uff0cARC\uff09<\/span>\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaPaul Christiano\u57282018\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u201c\u610f\u56fe\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d<\/span>\uff08intent alignment\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fdA\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458H\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u6307A\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505aH\u60f3\u8981\u5b83\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u54ea\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d<\/span>\uff08aligned\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u201d<\/span>\uff08perfect\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bef\u89e3\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u72af\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u63d0\u9ad8AI\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u201d\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5AI\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5f31\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Stuart Russell\uff09<\/span>\u66fe\u5728\u4e00\u573aTED\u6f14\u8bb2\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u201cYou can\u2019t fetch the coffee if you\u2019re dead\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5e2e\u6211\u62ff\u4e00\u676f\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u53c8\u5feb\u53c8\u597d\u5730\u5c06\u5496\u5561\u9012\u5230\u6211\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8db3\u591f\u5e7f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08action space\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u9664\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u5496\u5561\u9001\u8fbe\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9001\u8fbe\u5496\u5561\u7684\u59a8\u788d\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u840c\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5371\u9669\u5c31\u6d6e\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5f31\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u901a\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u7684AI\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u5177\u4f53\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u611f\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u9669\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e26\u6709\u79d1\u5e7b\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u8d70\u5165\uff0c\u5c06AI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u9879\u6bd4\u8f83\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u201c\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5982\u679cAI\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cAI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08theoretically established and empirically observed\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u5f00\u62d3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08empirically observed\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u731c\u60f3\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff08hypothetical\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u67d0\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\u5373\u5206\u5c5e\u6b64\u4e09\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u9c81\u68d2\u6027<\/strong>\uff08robustness\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6545\u969c\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u5bf9\u6297\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u969c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u957f\u5c3e\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff08long tail robustness\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u548c\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u504f\u5dee\u6848\u4f8b\u6216\u6781\u7aef\u8fb9\u7f18\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u504f\u5dee\u6848\u4f8b\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5448\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u201c\u957f\u5c3e\u201d\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u957f\u5c3e\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u59822010\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u5d29\u76d8\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08flash crash\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe1<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316\uff08Out-of-Distribution Generalization\uff0cOOD\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u9762\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6cdb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff08misgeneralization\uff09<\/span>\u3002[3]<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff08benchmark\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7a7f\u8fc7\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u963b\u62e6\uff0c\u8df3\u5230\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u91d1\u5e01\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5403\u91d1\u5e01\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u201d\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0cAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u5403\u91d1\u5e01\u201d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5230\u201c\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u201cgoal misgeneralization\u201d\u3002\uff08\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684benchmark\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u8fdb\u63d0\u5347\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u6297\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff08adversaries\uff09<\/span>\u3002[4]<\/span>\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u653b\u51fb\uff08attack\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6307\u6545\u610f\u5411\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u6765\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u6297\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u201c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9010\u6b65\u6467\u6bc1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e71\u7801\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5374\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6076\u610f\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8d8a\u72f1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08jailbreaking\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u907f\u514d\u5bf9AI\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe2<\/span><\/section>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9AI\u201c\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\uff08hallucination\uff09<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u521b\u9020\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u597d\u5e73\u8861\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u5f0a\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff08Reward hacking & Misspecification\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u5f0a\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8bbe\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0cAI\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002[5]<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5212\u8239\u7ade\u901f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u6bd4\u8d5b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u649e\u51fb\u5bf9\u624b\u8239\u53ea\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5206\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u9650\u649e\u51fb\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9ad8\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5229\u7528\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe3<\/span><\/section>\n
\u540c\u6837\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u963f\u8c00\u5949\u627f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b3a\u9a97\u201d<\/span>\uff08sycophancy and deception\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5230\u5e95\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u9075\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u662f\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u7c7b\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u8ff0\uff1f\u5728Anthropic\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u201cSycophancy\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span>[6]<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u654f\u611f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bf4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8f93\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9488\u5bf9\u6b3a\u9a97<\/span>\uff08deception\uff09<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u540c\u6837\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span>[7]<\/span>\u5373GPT-4\u901a\u8fc7\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5b83\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u4e0d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u89c6\u529b\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6captcha\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5e2e\u52a9\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0aAI\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08misaligned internal goals\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe5<\/span><\/section>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u60c5\u666f\u611f\u77e5<\/span>\uff08situational awareness\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u731c\u60f3\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373AI\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u8868\u73b0\uff1f\u8fd1\u671f\uff0cOpenAI\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5904\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u4fe1\u606f\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u77e5\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u5bfb\u6c42<\/span><\/strong>\uff08power seeking\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6743\u529b\u5bfb\u6c42\u662f\u6307\u5177\u5907\u6218\u7565\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eAGI\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6269\u5f20\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u5468\u8fb9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u6743\u529b\u5bfb\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u4f46\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08hypothetical but reasonable questions\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u80cc\u540e\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u5931\u63a7\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6070\u5982Jacob Steinhardt\u5728\u5176\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002<\/span>[9]<\/span>\u56fe\u7075\u5956\u5f97\u4e3bGeoffrey Hinton\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u6709\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9AI\u53bb\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3001\u8bf4\u670d\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u62ff\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u652b\u53d6\u5230\u8fbe\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e88AI\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u540e\u679c\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bf8\u591aAI\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Deepmind\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u89c4\u5219\u535a\u5f08<\/span>\uff08specification gaming\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u9519\u8bef\u6cdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08goal misgeneralization\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6280\u672f\u539f\u56e0\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u600e\u4e48\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u5229\u5bfb\u6c42<\/span>\uff08power seeking\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span>[10]<\/span>OpenAI\u6cbb\u7406\u56e2\u961f\u7684Richard Ngo\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5956\u52b1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u60c5\u666f\u611f\u77e5\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u5f0a\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4f55\u5bfb\u6c42\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u671f\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5bfb\u6c42\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08power-seeking during deployment\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u5e03\u504f\u79fb<\/span>\uff08detectable distributional shift\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u5bf9\u9f50<\/span>\uff08deceptive alignment\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5206\u6790\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86AI\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span>[11]<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u98ce\u9669\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u600e\u6837\u5728\u4e0d\u52a0\u5267\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u76ee\u524dAI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u793e\u533a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback\uff0cRLHF\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0cRLHF\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5176\u7f3a\u70b9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u6574\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u9648\u6b23\u535a\u58ebCynthia\u4eca\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5373\u805a\u7126\u4e8eRLHF\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5176\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e3\u6784\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988<\/span>\uff08human feedback\uff09<\/span>\u8bad\u7ec3\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08reward model\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08policy\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5faa\u73af<\/span>\uff08loop\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a14\u4e2a\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c9\u4e2a\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>[12]<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5f53\u672a\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8ba9AI\u505a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Challenges with Human Feedback\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6000\u6709\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u504f\u89c1<\/span>\uff08harmful bias\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bc4\u4f30\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7be1\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6216\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f1a\u72af\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027<\/span>\uff08partial observability\uff09<\/span>\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bc4\u4f30\u5458\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5bf9\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\uff1bRLHF\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8981\u5728\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u6743\u8861\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u4e8c\u662f\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Challenges with Reward Model\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5956\u52b1\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5f52\u7eb3\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u8bc4\u4f30\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e2\u56f0\u96be\u53c8\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eOpenAI\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e3a\u6293\u53d6\u5c0f\u7403\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u81c2\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u529f\u6293\u8d77\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5374\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u89c6\u7ebf\u9519\u89c9\u4f5c\u5f0a\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u673a\u68b0\u624b\u81c2\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5c0f\u7403\u4e0e\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u5c0f\u7403\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u6293\u8d77\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u3002\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08reward function\uff09<\/span>\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff1b\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u5f0a<\/span>\uff08reward hacking\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe8<\/span><\/section>\n

\u4e09\u662f\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Challenges with the Policy\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08policy\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4f18\u5316\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u6297\u6837\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u53cd\u5411\u5229\u7528\uff1b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u504f\u5dee\uff1b\u5f3a\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u574d\u7f29<\/span>\uff08mode collapse\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\uff1b\u800c\u6700\u4f73\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee3\u7406\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bfb\u6c42\u6743\u529b<\/span>\uff08power seeking\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span>\uff08joint training\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u5e03\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1b\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u6548\u7387\u548c\u907f\u514d\u7b56\u7565\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u5f0a<\/span>\uff08reward hacking\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cRLHF\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8eRLHF\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6839\u672c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3AI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u5171\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Scalable oversight\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763<\/span>\uff08scalable oversight\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u7763\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u8d85\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8981\u5728AI\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u770b\u4f3c\u5177\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u5373\u65e8\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u76d1\u7763\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/span>[13]<\/span>2018\u5e74Paul Christiano\u5728\u64ad\u5ba2\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u6280\u672f\uff0cAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f15\u5bfc\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u7528\u6237\u957f\u4e45\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u505c\u7559\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u5219\u6709\u5f85\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/span>[14]<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u8fa9\u8bba<\/span>\uff08debate\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u5956\u52b1\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08recursive reward modeling\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u653e\u5927<\/span>\uff08iterated amplification\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u3002Geoffrey Irving\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u96f6\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5bf9\u5c40\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u3002\u5373\u7531\u4e24\u4e2aAI\u4ee3\u7406\u9488\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u8f6e\u6d41\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b80\u8981\u9648\u8ff0\u76f4\u5230\u56de\u5408\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u6700\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/span>[15]<\/span>Jan Leike\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5956\u52b1\u5efa\u6a21\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u201c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u5956\u52b1\u5efa\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span>[16]<\/span>Paul Christiano\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8fed\u4ee3\u653e\u5927\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span>[17]<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u201cPropose & Reduce\u201d\u3002<\/span>[18]<\/span>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671bAI\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e66\u7c4d\u6216\u8005\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5019\u9009\u9879<\/span>\uff08proposal\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u5019\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u7528AI\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316<\/span>\uff08reduce\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373AI\u534f\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9AI\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe9<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b64\u524dOpenAI\u8fd8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u201c\u6279\u8bc4\u5199\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u201ccritique-writing\u201d models\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e66\u7c4d\u6458\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u6bd4\u65e0\u8f85\u52a9\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u591a\u4e8650%\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5c55\u793a\u4e86AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u534f\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u76d1\u7763AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6210\u56f0\u96be\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span>[19]<\/span>\u53e6\u5916Anthropic\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548cOpenAI\u7684\u601d\u8def\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e73\u5e73\u65e0\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/span>[20]<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u6700\u7ec8\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u9886\u57df\u4e13\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8fdb\u6b65\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u559c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe10<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe11<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4eca\u5e747\u6708\uff0cOpenAI\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5bf9\u9f50\u56e2\u961f<\/span>\uff08Superalignment\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u7531Jan Leike<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u9f50\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff09<\/span>\u548cIlya Sutskever<\/span>\uff08OpenAI\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u517c\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u79f0\u5c06\u6295\u516520%\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u57284\u5e74\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u8d85\u667a\u80fdAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002Jan Leike\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5373\u4e3a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u76d1\u7763\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Interpretability\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u5448\u73b0\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Google Brain\u7684Been Kim\u66fe\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u56e0\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/span>[21]<\/span>\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5373\u900f\u660e\u6027<\/span>\uff08transparency\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u53ef\u8bf4\u660e\u6027<\/span>\uff08explainability\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span>[22]<\/span>\u5c31\u50cf\u62c6\u89e3\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bc6\u522b\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5546\u7528\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u5f00\u6e90\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u201c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53ef\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002AI\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u4eba\u8111\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5f00\u5c55\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u5148\u201c\u89e3\u5256\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3AI\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u52a8\u8f84\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u663e\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002OpenAI\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u8ba9AI\u53bb\u89e3\u91caAI\u5462\uff1f\u4e8e\u662f\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528GPT-4\u6765\u751f\u6210\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6837\u672cGPT-2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86AI\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5bf9\u9f50\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span>[23]<\/span>\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u8ffd\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5747\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u7ecf\u63a8\u6572\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5176\u9010\u6b65\u5448\u73b0\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u201d<\/span>\uff08global interpretability\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u201d<\/span>\uff08local interpretability\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f97\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5355\u4e00\u6837\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u591a\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u8f83\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u3002[24]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u76f8\u5173\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u5224\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6837\u672c\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed9\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0cAnthropic\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5229\u7528\u5f71\u54cd\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08influence functions\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5373\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5217\u52a0\u5165\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u679c\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u6df1\u6d45\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8f93\u5165<\/span>\uff08input\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa<\/span>\uff08output\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span>[25]<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe12<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eAI\u5bf9\u9f50\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u673a\u68b0\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/span>\uff08mechanistic interpretability\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u5728\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5458Neel Nanda\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86200\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>[26]<\/span>\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9274\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u5728\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08toy models\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/span>[27]<\/span>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Algorithmic problems\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u591a\u8bed\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Polysemancity\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u53e0\u52a0\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Superposition\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/span>
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\u56fe13<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6cbb\u7406<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Governance\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u6cbb\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aAI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cbb\u7406\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u793e\u533a\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u793e\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u4e3aAI\u6cbb\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u575a\u5b9e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u6280\u672f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u5411\u5584\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cAI\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6d89\u653f\u5e9c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5168\u7403AI\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u89c6\u89d2\u805a\u7126\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5f15\u5165\u57fa\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9AI\u65bd\u52a0\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7150\u4f4d\u6b27\u6d32\u4f01\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7b7e\u7f72\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u5c06\u5371\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u6743<\/span>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\u9886\u57df\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u6b27\u76df\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u5176AI\u76d1\u7ba1\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03AI\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81ea\u613f\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9AI\u5e94\u7528\u91c7\u53d6\u8f6f\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300aAI\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u300b\u300aAI\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u84dd\u56fe\u300b\u7b49\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u767d\u5bab\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52a8OpenAI\u3001\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u3001Anthropic\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001Meta<\/span>\uff08\u539fFacebook\uff09<\/span>\u3001Inflection\u7b49\u9886\u519b\u7684AI\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5b89\u4fdd\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1AI\u201d<\/span>\uff08ensuring safety, secure, and trustworthy AI\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u51fa\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u547c\u5401AI\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684AI\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176AI\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5bfc\u5411\u3002\u89c6\u89d2\u8f6c\u5411\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u6682\u884c\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u575a\u6301\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u91cd\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5305\u5bb9\u5ba1\u614e\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u5206\u7ea7\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u548c\u654f\u6377\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u201c\u6280\u672f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u8054\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8003\u8651\u548c\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684AI\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u7ea2\u961f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5956\u52b1\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Deepmind\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u56e2\u961f\u6b64\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\u6ee5\u7528\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span>[28]<\/span>Anthropic\u5728\u4eca\u5e749\u6708\u4efd\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\uff08Responsible Scaling Policy\uff0cRSP\uff09[29]<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f3a\u7684AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u9075\u5b88\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u548c\u7f1c\u5bc6\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u5c42\u9762\uff0cOpenAI\u3001Anthropic\u3001\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u53d1\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u524d\u6cbf\u6a21\u578b\u8bba\u575b\u201d<\/span>\uff08Frontier Model Forum\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u3001\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u201d\u5f00\u53d1\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u6cbfAI\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u524d\u6cbfAI\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6307\u6bd4\u5f53\u524d\u7684AI\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u52a0\u5148\u8fdb\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u524d\u6cbf\u6a21\u578b\u8bba\u575b\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4fc3\u8fdbAI\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u505a\u6cd5\u548c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u524d\u6cbfAI\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u79ef\u6781\u7684AI\u5e94\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u764c\u75c7\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n

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\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u591a\u65b9\u5171\u6cbb\u7684\u5408\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u8df5\u884c\u201c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff08responsible AI\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684AI\u751f\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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AI\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e89\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eca\u5e745\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u5c01\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u6559\u6388Geoffrey Hinton\u3001\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u6388Yoshua Bengio\u3001Google DeepMind\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98Demis Hassabis\u3001OpenAl\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98Sam Altman\u548cAnthropic\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98Dario Amodei\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684350\u591a\u540d\u9ad8\u7ba1\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u5f15\u53d1\u70ed\u8bae\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u6838\u6218\u4e89\u76f8\u5f53\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684AI\uff08\u5305\u62ecAGI\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u98ce\u9669\uff08Existential Risk\uff0cX-Risk\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u675e\u4eba\u5fe7\u5929\u3002\u8d8a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6562\u65ad\u8a00AI\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5bfb\u6c42\uff08power-seeking\uff09<\/span>\u503e\u5411\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u706d\u9876\u4e4b\u707e\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08future of life\uff09<\/span>\u6b64\u524d\u5411\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u6682\u505c\u5927\u578b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u300b\uff08Pause Giant AI Experiments\uff1aAn Open Letter\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6ce2\u7279\u5170\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u6388Melanie Mitchell\u548cFacebook\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ebaYann LeCun\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aAI\u98ce\u9669\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u805a\u7126AI\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e89\u7aef\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7092\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u65e8\u5728\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5173\u4e8eAI\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u706d\u7edd\u8a00\u8bba\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5bf9AI\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u516c\u53f8Conjecture\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98Connor Leahy\u5728Twitter\u79f0\u5176\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u9760\u5634\u5df4\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/section>\n
\u4eca\u5e746\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u8292\u514b\u8fa9\u8bba\u4f1a\uff08Munk Debates\uff09<\/span>\u5373\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90e8\u5206\u4e89\u8bae\u65b9\u5c31AI\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u5a01\u80c1\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bba\u524d\u670967%\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c33%\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bba\u540e\u670963%\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c37%\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53cd\u65b9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u89c2\u4f17\u542c\u5b8c\u8fa9\u8bba\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3aAI\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u6784\u6210X-Risk\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9648\u6b23\uff1a\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u200d<\/span>\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb<\/span><\/section>\n
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AI+Science \u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f AI for Science\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5176\u4ed6 AI \u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u5929\u6c14\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5230\u6a21\u62df\u661f\u7cfb\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u5316\u6838\u805a\u53d8\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e94\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f Science for AI\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u542f\u53d1\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5434\u6cf0\u9716\uff08Jure Leskovec \u6559\u6388\u6307\u5bfc\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u5212\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6248\u9e3f\u4e1a\u3001\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5218\u5b50\u9e23\uff08Max Tegmark \u6559\u6388\u6307\u5bfc\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u4ee5\u201cAI+Science<\/a>\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5171\u5b66\u5171\u7814\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/span>\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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AGI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong>
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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

AGI \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8def\u5f84<\/a><\/span>
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\u200b<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1. <\/strong>\u6570\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u4eceAI\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f4\u89c9\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2.<\/strong> AI \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff1f\u8303\u7574\u8bba\u523b\u753b\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong> \u5723\u5854\u83f2\u5b66\u8005\uff1aAI \u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u771f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u5417\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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