{"id":46841,"date":"2023-11-30T13:40:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T05:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46841"},"modified":"2023-11-30T13:40:33","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T05:40:33","slug":"%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e4%ba%ba%e9%80%a0%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46841","title":{"rendered":"\u5408\u6210\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aTheoretical perspective on synthetic man\u2010made life: Learning from the origin of life<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2014\u2014\u5199\u5728Richard Feynman\u7684\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5728\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c[1]\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u672c\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4ece\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u3001\u5408\u6210\u751f\u547d\u6216\u6e7f\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d <\/span>(\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u7279\u6307\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7814\u7a76)<\/span>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eba\u9020\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u5408\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u7279\u522b\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027 <\/span>(\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u751f\u547d\u4e2d) <\/span>\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63ed\u793a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6574\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\u6210\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u62fc\u88c5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Venter\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53ca\u5f90\u707f\u7b49\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c[2, 3]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53ef\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u81ea\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u6765\u6570\u4ebf\u5e74\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u62b9\u53bb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u751f\u547d\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u65e9\u5df2\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5145\u5206\u4e14\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684[4, 5]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba[6]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\/\u81ea\u590d\u5236\/\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u88681<\/span>(\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u8868\u683c)<\/span>\u4e2d\u5206\u7c7b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u751f\u547d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u88681. \u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

*\u201c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u201d\u662f\u6307\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u518d\u751f\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u5206\u3001\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9002\u5f53\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c3.1\u8282)\u3002\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\/\u9057\u4f20\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u201c\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u6765\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c4\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u201d\u7279\u6027\u6307\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c6\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u201d\u7279\u6027\u6307\u201c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u201d(\u8be6\u89c1\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
1. \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u8d1f\u71b5\u4e3a\u98df\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u81ea\u590d\u5236[7]\u3002\u201c\u71b5\u201d\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u6df7\u4e71\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u71b5\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff1b\u201c\u4ee5\u8d1f\u71b5\u4e3a\u98df\u201d\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u8981\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u5916\u754c\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
2.20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cTibor G\u00e1nti\u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u201d\u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7ec6\u80de\u7269\u8d28\uff1b\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8865\u5145\u53ca\u66f4\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u201d[8]\u3002\u540e\u4e24\u70b9\u8ddfSchr\u00f6dinger\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6709\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u201d<\/span> (\u5373\u8fb9\u754c)<\/span> \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u6765\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u5f00[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5b50(Chemoton)<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
3. \u81ea\u521b\u751f\u8bba(Autopoiesis)<\/strong>\u7531Humberto Maturana\u548cFrancisco Varela\u63d0\u51fa[10]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u8bba<\/span>(Autopoiesis)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40<\/span>(NASA)<\/span>\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316[11-13]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u901a\u5e38\u5f52\u529f\u4e8eGerald Joyce\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86NASA\u4e8e1994\u5e74\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bf4\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u88681\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ea\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\/\u9057\u4f20<\/span>(\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a81\u53d8\/\u53d8\u5f02)<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
5. Pier Luigi Luisi\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u534a\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u8154\u5ba4\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301[14, 15]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
6. \u7f8e\u56fd\u5b87\u822a\u5c40<\/span>(NASA)<\/span>\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u957f\u8fbe250\u9875\u7684\u300aNASA\u661f\u9645\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6218\u75652015\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
7. \u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e13\u9898”\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66”\u603b\u7ed3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u533a\u5ba4\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5b50[17]\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u547d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5404\u6709\u4fa7\u91cd\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6210\u719f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u501f\u9274\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u964d\u4f4e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b(top-down)\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5408\u6210\u548c\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a(bottom-up)\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span>(\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe1)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c2.1\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u88681\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c2.2\u8282\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
\u56fe1. \u201c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u84dd\u56fe<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u56de\u987e\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u201c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u201d\u9886\u57df\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7ed3\u679c<\/span> (\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4f7f\u751f\u547d\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898)  <\/span>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u201c\u5e95\u90e8\u201d\u5411\u4e0b\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u751f\u547d(\u5373\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66)\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u201c\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\/\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u540e\u8005\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5316\u5b66\/\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u8ddd\u6b63\u5728\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u7b2c3\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>(\u7b2c3.1\u8282)<\/span>\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7b54\u6848<\/span>(\u7b2c3.2\u8282\u548c\u7b2c3.3\u8282)<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c4\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2. \u5df2\u6709\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff1a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

2.1 \u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b<\/span>(top-down)<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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  • \n
    \u201c\u9ed1\u8fdb(Hack)<\/span> \u201d\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u4eceJCVI-syn1.0 \u5230 JCVI-syn3A<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/section>\n
    2010\u5e74\uff0cVenter\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u5934\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u652f\u539f\u4f53<\/span>(Mycoplasma mycoides)<\/span>\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u690d\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5148\u9664\u53bb\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u8548\u72b6\u652f\u539f\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3001\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u53ea\u542b\u6709\u4eba\u9020\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u501f\u52a9\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6740\u6b7b\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4fbf\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3aJCVI-syn1.0\u6216Synthia [18]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3002JCVI-syn1.0 \u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u73b0\u5b58\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u542b\u6709\u8d85\u8fc71\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5197\u4f59\u6216\u975e\u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6700\u5c0f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5408\u3002Venter\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u201c\u8bbe\u8ba1-\u6784\u5efa-\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57282016\u5e74\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5408\u6210\u4e86 JCVI-syn3.0 <\/span>(JCVI-syn2.0 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7248\u672c)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u542b\u6709531,000\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\uff0c473\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u547d[2, 19]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cJCVI-syn3.0\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f62\u6001\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e1d\u72b6\u548c\u56ca\u6ce1\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c2021\u5e74\uff0cPelletier\u7b49\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6052\u6e29\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u88c5\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u5fae\u5c0f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\u4efb\u610f\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9 5 \u5e74\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684 JCVI-syn3.0 \u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u5411 JCVI-syn3.0 \u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e8619\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u540e\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u7ec6\u80de JCVI-syn3A\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u589e\u6b96[20]\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6dfb\u52a0\u768419\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4ec5\u67092\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u613f\u666f\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u201c\u9ed1\u8fdb(Hack)<\/span> \u201d\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u7784\u51c6\u590d\u6742\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u81ea\u4eceVenter\u7684\u539f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u6210\u529f\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u8983\u91cd\u519b\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u542b\u670916\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u5355\u500d\u4f53\u917f\u9152\u9175\u6bcd\u7ec6\u80de\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7CRISPR-Cas9\u6280\u672f\u6572\u9664\u9175\u6bcd\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7740\u4e1d\u7c92\u548c\u7aef\u7c92\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u7aef\u5bf9\u7aef\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf4\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u5176\u878d\u5408\u4e3a\uff11\u6761\u3002\u5c06\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u201c16\u54081\u201d\u540e\u7684\u917f\u9152\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u682a\u547d\u540d\u4e3aSY14\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4f8b\u4ec5\u542b\u5355\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de[21]\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \u4ece\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u88c5\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/section>\n
        2022\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6d3b\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u6c34\u89e3\u9176\u5bf9\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u4f4d\u88c2\u89e3\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u7fa7\u7532\u57fa\u8461\u805a\u7cd6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8425\u517b\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u5b75\u80b2\u4e8648\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u547d\u884c\u4e3a[3]\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8ba9\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u539f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u539f\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7ec6\u80de\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u751f\u547d\u201d\u5230\u201c\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u201d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ec6\u80de\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u9694\u79bb\u5176\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5206\u88c2\u7e41\u6b96\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8fd8\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        2.2 \u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\uff1a\u6574\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h3>\n

        2.2.1 \u4ee3\u8c22\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u65e9\u5728\u524d\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8c22[22]\u8fd8\u662f\u9057\u4f20[23]\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8fa9\u8bba\u5c31\u66fe\u4f34\u968f\u51b7\u6218\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u719f\u77e5[24]\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5Miller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u5f00\u7aef\u7684\u751f\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u5316\u5b66\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fdb\u8def\u4e0e\u4ee5DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u8fdb\u8def\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u9677\u5165\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u5e73\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e14\u539f\u59cb\u6c64\u4e0eRNA\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9e3f\u6c9f\u96be\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u88abLazcano\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u804b\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u201d [24]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9057\u4f20\/\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u9075\u5faaMiller-Urey\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span>(\u5373\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc)<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ebf\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u4ece\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ebf\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9057\u4f20\/\u4fe1\u606f\u7ebf\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4ee3\u8c22<\/span>(Metabolism)<\/span>\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u8bb2\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u6d41\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u524d\u751f\u547d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8f83\u4e3a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148<\/span>(motabolic-first)<\/span>\u201d \u89e3\u91ca\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u671f\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u5728\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b[24]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u62ec Kauffman\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7406\u8bba<\/span>(autocatalytic sets)\uff08\u7b2c3\u8282\u8be6\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>[25]\u3001Ganti\u7684\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5b50<\/span>(Chemoton)<\/span>\u201d[8]\u3001Maturana\u4e0eVarela \u7684\u81ea\u521b\u751f<\/span>(autopoiesis)<\/span>\u7406\u8bba[10]\u7b49\u3002\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a1) \u65e0\u9176\u7684\u591a\u6b65\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff1b2) \u80fd\u591f\u56fa\u5b9aCO2<\/sub>\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\uff1b3) \u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7531\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u819c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fb9\u754c\uff1b4) \u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u80fd\u529b[24]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84(\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u7f51\u7edc)\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684[26]\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u8fdb\u5316[24]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e3a\u5148\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u919b\u7f29\u7cd6\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u5373\u7532\u919b\u805a\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u5305\u62ec\u6838\u7cd6\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7cd6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6df7\u5408\u7269[27]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7532\u919b\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u7531HCN\u5355\u4ef7\u751f\u6210HCN\u56db\u805a\u4f53[28]\u7b49\u53cd\u5e94\u30022) \u53cd\u5f0f\u67e0\u6aac\u9178\u5faa\u73af\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u4e09\u7fa7\u9178\u5faa\u73af<\/span>(rTCA)<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u975e\u9176\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c42\u7ea7[29]\u30023) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531CO\u548c\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u786b\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u786b\u5316\u954d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u65e9\u671f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28[30-32]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u591a\u9879\u8fdb\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e3a\u5148\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u70ed\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u9762\u4e34\u74e6\u89e3\u3002Lazcano\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u534a\u9176\u8d77\u6e90\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u8c22\u6837\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u5206[33]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9014\u5f84\u6700\u521d\u7531\u975e\u9176\u6216\u534a\u9176\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u9176\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u9176\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5fae\u8c03[34]\u3002Wo\u0142os\u7b49\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u6b3e\u540d\u4e3aAllchemy\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6c34\u3001\u6c2e\u6c14\u3001\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u3001\u6c28\u6c14\u3001\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\u3001\u7532\u70f7\u8fd96\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c7\u4ee3\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3001\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f126%\u5faa\u73af\u6548\u7387\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u8fb9\u754c\u819c\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b[35]\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u5e94\u4e86Orgel\u7b49\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u5426\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u5e76\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>(\u819c)<\/span>\u7684\u8102\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u7531\u4ee3\u8c22\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e5f\u4e00\u518d\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        2.2.2 \u9057\u4f20\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u81ea\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u540e\uff0cTroland\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5177\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5b50<\/span>(genetic enzymes)<\/span>\u201d [36]\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u65f6RNA\u8fd8\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u968f\u540e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5747\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u5c06RNA\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[37-39]\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u6838\u9176\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86RNA\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u3002RNA\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u65e9\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217RNA\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u751f\u547d\u5143\u7d20[40]\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u4e2d\u7684DNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e9\u671fRNA\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540e\u671f\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u4e8eRNA\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8eRNA\u4e16\u754c[41]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        RNA\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u884d\u751f\u7684\u8f85\u9176\u3001\u53ef\u81ea\u6211\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u6838\u9176\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531RNA\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6216\u5176\u524d\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u53f7\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fe1\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50<\/span>(\u5982\u817a\u82f7\u73af\u78f7\u9178(cAMP)\u3001\u9e1f\u82f7\u56db\u78f7\u9178(ppGpp)\u30015-\u6c28\u57fa-4-\u54aa\u5511\u7fa7\u9170\u80fa\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e09\u78f7\u9178(ZTP)\u548c\u73af\u4e8c\u6838\u82f7\u9178)<\/span>\u7b49[42]\u3002\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4fbf\u662fRNA\u4e0e\u86cb\u767d\u8054\u5408\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u660e\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6838\u9176\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u80bd\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9<\/span>(18 \u00c5\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u533a\u57df)<\/span>\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4fa7\u94fe[43]\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9170\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e3aRNA\u4e16\u754c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u884c\u6027[44,45]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11RNA\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u75d5\u8ff9\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148<\/span>(LUCA)<\/span>\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cfRNA\u4ee3\u8c22\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8eRNA\u805a\u5408\uff0cRNA\u4fee\u9970\u4ee5\u53ca\u964d\u89e3\u7b49\u7684\u9176[46]\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u6838\u5fc3\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ec4<\/span>(core bacterial proteome)<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0eRNA\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7b49\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173[47]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cRNA\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5730\u7403\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dRNA\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u3002RNA\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u5728\u5176\u521a\u521a\u63d0\u51fa\u65f6\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1aRNA\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u8f83\u77ed\u7684RNA\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6838\u9176\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u8fdb\u884cRNA\u590d\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u6b65\u9aa4[48]\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684RNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3002\u968f\u540e\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4fbf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u590d\u5236\u7684RNA\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u50ac\u5316\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6838\u9176\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5468\u671f\u7ea6\u4e3a1\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[49]\u3002\u5176\u4e2dRNA\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7f16\u7801\u7684RNA\u590d\u5236\u9176\u6240\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97RNA\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bbf\u4e3bRNA\u548c\u5bc4\u751f\u7269\u7684RNA\u901a\u8fc7240\u8f6e\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f6c\u79fb\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u5236\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc[50]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5747\u672a\u8003\u8651RNA\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898<\/span>(\u5373RNA\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709)<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6838\u9178\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5408\u6210\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5047\u8bf4\u6070\u6070\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u8bf8\u591a\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u9752\u7750\u4ece\u6c22\u6c30\u9178<\/span>(HCN)<\/span>\u51fa\u53d1[51]\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u524d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0[52]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u5730\u7403\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5408\u6210\u817a\u560c\u5464[53]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u8fd8\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u4e09\u7fa7\u9178\u5faa\u73af\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u6f5c\u529b[54]\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0cSaladino\u7b49\u4eba\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u7684\u8fd1\u4eb2\uff0c\u5373\u7532\u9170\u80fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4ece\u5934\u5408\u6210RNA\u94fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u56fe\u666f\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027[55, 56]\u3002\u6838\u9178\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6d89\u53ca\u78b1\u57fa\u3001\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u3001\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4[57]\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u751f\u547d\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        2.2.3 \u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u628a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u80f6\u675f\u6216\u53cc\u5c42\u56ca\u6ce1\u79f0\u4e3a\u539f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>(protocell)<\/span> [58, 59]\u3002Chen\u548cSzostak\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7e41\u6b96\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u50a8\u5b58\u3002\u819c\u4e0e\u5305\u88f9\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u590d\u5236\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21[60]\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u8ba8\u8102\u8d28\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6e90\u50ac\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e86\u4ece\u80f6\u675f\u5230\u56ca\u6ce1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5355\u4f53\u5230\u751f\u7269\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u539f\u7ec6\u80de\u590d\u5408\u7269\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3[61]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u6216\u533a\u5ba4\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002Ganti\u5728\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5b50<\/span>(Chemoton)<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u76ee\u6807\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u5faa\u73af\u88ab\u8102\u8d28\u5fae\u7403\u5305\u88f9\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0[8]\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u5fc5\u7136\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d<\/span>(\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u7279\u5f81)<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u5bf9\u6297\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u9694\u5f00[7, 62]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u534a\u900f\u819c\u5141\u8bb8\u819c\u5185\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u7269\u8d28\u7a7f\u8fc7\u819c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387[63]\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728Damer\u548cDeamer\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8102\u8d28\u5728\u96e8\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\u5f62\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u819c\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b54\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b54\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fdb\u51fa\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9[64]\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6307\u51fa\u5408\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u534a\u6e17\u900f\u533a\u5ba4\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u5206\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u3001\u9176\u5e95\u7269\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa[65]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e17\u900f\u5316\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7[66]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u533a\u5ba4\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u88c5\u5185\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u6210\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>(compositional genetics)<\/span>\u201d[67]\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5982RNA\u6216DNA\u7b49\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0[58]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u60f3\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Lancet\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005Segr\u00e9\u7b49\u7684\u201c\u8102\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4<\/span>(lipid world hypothesis)<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u8102\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5355\u5c42\u80f6\u675f\u800c\u975e\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u547d\u822c\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\u78f7\u8102\u5c42\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u5c42\u80f6\u675f\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u591a\u6837\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6269\u6563\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7b49[61, 69, 70]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cDNA\u6269\u589e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8102\u8d28\u56ca\u6ce1\u7684\u751f\u957f\u548c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u590d\u5236\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[71]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        3. \u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
         <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8def\u7ebf<\/span>(\u5373\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u6d41\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6a21\u62df\u201d\u5176\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a\u5373\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u6b64\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u6784\u9020\u5e76\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u201c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230Miller-Uery\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50<\/span>(\u201c\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u201d)<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u70ed\u3001\u7535\u51fb\u3001\u51b7\u51dd\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u9178<\/span>(\u201c\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u201d)<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7269\u8d28<\/span>(\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742)<\/span>\u548c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>(\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u548c\u5fae\u5999)<\/span>\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5947\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u8ff0\u903b\u8f91\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u6dfb\u52a0\u600e\u6837\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\uff1a\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6574\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6e7f\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4ece\u975e\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7b49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u652f\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d<\/span>(artificial life)<\/span>\u201d<\/span>(\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53eb\u201c\u8f6f\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d(soft artificial life)\u201d)<\/span>\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u6210\u679c<\/span>(\u8ddf\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fdc\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u89c1\u65b9\u68461)<\/span>\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531Kauffman\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>(autocatalytic sets)<\/span>\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u8ddf\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bf8\u591a\u6210\u529f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u501f\u9274<\/span> (\u867d\u7136\u8ddd\u79bb\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u539f\u7ec6\u80de (protocell) \uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u6211\u4eec\u59d1\u4e14\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a<\/span>(bottom-up from the origin of life)<\/span>\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u964c\u751f\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u7b80\u5355\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u8026\u5408\u65e9\u671f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5faa\u73af\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u4ece\u201c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u76842\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \u65b9\u68461\u3001\u201c\u8f6f\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cALife\u201d\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0cJohn von Neumann\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u903b\u8f91\u5316\u5730\u9010\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219[72]\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f6c\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388John Horton Conway\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u201d[73]\u3002\u5eb7\u5a01\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5e73\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b58\u6d3b\u6216\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5468\u56f4\u516b\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u6839\u636e\u5c40\u57df\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002\u572870\/80\u5e74\u4ee3\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u3002Christopher Gale Langton\u5c06John von Neumann\u6700\u521d\u768429\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u602a\u7269\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u53ea\u67098\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 <\/span>(\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a)<\/span>\uff0c1979\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u53f0Apple II\u578b\u53f0\u5f0f\u7535\u8111\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u5730\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u673a\u4f53[74]\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Stephen Wolfram\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ef4\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u8d1d\u58f3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u300b[75]\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6a21\u62df\u4f24\u53e3\u6108\u5408[76]\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u91cf\u5b50\u6676\u683c\u6c14\u4f53[77]\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u7ec6\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a[78]\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        1987\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Christopher Langton\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a Artificial Life <\/span>(\u7b80\u79f0ALife)<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a:\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/span> (\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df) <\/span>\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cALife\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span> (\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0)<\/span>\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7406\u7684<\/span> (\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684) <\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cALife\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0cALife\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u89c6\u9891\u6e38\u620f\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e86ALife\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982Creatures<\/span> (1996\u5e74[80])<\/span>\uff0cSpore<\/span> (2008\u5e74)<\/span>\uff0cDarwinbots<\/span> (2014\u5e74) <\/span>\u548cSpecies<\/span> (2018\u5e74)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5173\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0cCraig Reynolds\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u9e1f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u672c\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219[81]\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u968f\u540e\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684Viscek\u6a21\u578b[82]\u30021991\u5e74\uff0cTierra\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8868\u793a[83]\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cTierra\u542f\u53d1\u4e86Charles Ofria\u3001Chris Adami\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1Avida\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u3002Avida\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u201d\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0cAvida\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b[84]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[85]\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u4eff\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/span>(\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u548c\u53d8\u5f02)<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u5411\u91cf)<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7531John Holland\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49[86, 87]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f00\u6e90\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76eeOpenWorm\u88ab\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u79c0\u4e3d\u7ebf\u866b<\/span>(Caenorhabditis elegans)<\/span>\u7684\u6240\u6709959\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u8868\u5f81\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a [88]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aNeurokernel\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u679c\u8747<\/span>(Drosophila melanogaster)<\/span>\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5927\u8111\u6a21\u578b [89]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.1 \u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\uff1a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee3\u8c22<\/span> (Metabolism) <\/span>\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6 <\/span>(\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\u6210)<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4ea6\u662f\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22<\/span>(Metabolism) <\/span>\u662f\u6307\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7528\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u521d<\/span>(\u4ea6\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d)<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c1a\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22<\/span>(Metabolism)<\/span>\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00)<\/span>\u7b49\u529f\u80fd[90, 91]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8026\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3001\u600e\u6837\u8026\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        1993\u5e74\uff0cKauffman\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u6210\u7269\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u67d0\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/span>(\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5c31\u80fd\u6307\u6570\u589e\u52a0<\/span>(\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6599\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8bdd)<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>(autocatalytic sets)<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684[25, 95]\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u8fc7Mike Steel\u548cHordijk\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>(RAF)<\/span>\u7406\u8bba[96]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cfRAF\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e[92]\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u8026\u5408\u7684\u975e\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        1) \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u7269<\/span>(\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u9a71\u52a8(self-driven)\u7684\u6807\u51c6)<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        2) \u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c11<\/span>(\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7(overproduction)\u7684\u6807\u51c6)<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        3) \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e00\u4fa7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u5927\u4e8e\u4ea7\u7269\u4e00\u4fa7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/span>(\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8fc7\u91cf\u6d88\u8017(no-overtake)\u6807\u51c6)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ee1\u8db3\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>(\u81ea\u9a71\u52a8(self-driven)\u548c\u8fc7\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7(overproduction))<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684<\/span>(\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6)<\/span>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u67093\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>(\u5373\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u8fc7\u91cf\u6d88\u8017(no-overtake)<\/span>)\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa[92]\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span>(\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[92, 97]\u7684\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50)<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n

        \u56fe2. \u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/strong>\u8be5\u56fe\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u6587\u732e[92]\uff0c\u7248\u6743\u6240\u6709 \u00a9 2018\u5e74Liu\u548cSumpter\u3002(a) \u919b\u7f29\u7cd6\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u3002(b) \u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u919b\u7f29\u7cd6\u53cd\u5e94\u3002(c) \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \u56fe2a(\u548c2b)\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7532\u919b\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/sub>\u4ee3\u8868\u7532\u919b\uff0c<\/sub>\u4ee3\u8868\u7518\u6cb9\u919b\uff0c<\/sub>\u4ee3\u8868\u4e19\u919b\uff0c<\/sub>\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u7cd6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684<\/sub>\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e09\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684<\/sub>\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684<\/sub>\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u9a71\u52a8<\/span> (self-driven) <\/span>\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/sub>\u5728\u4ea7\u7269\u4fa7\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4fa7\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fc7\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7<\/span> (overproduction) <\/span>\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4fa7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ea7\u7269\u4fa7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u8fc7\u91cf\u6d88\u8017 <\/span>(no-overtake) <\/span>\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u56fe2c\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u81ea\u590d\u5236\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684[98]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u732e[98]\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6807\u51c6<\/span>(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u7528\u7279\u522b\u7ea0\u7ed3\u5230\u5e95\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684)<\/span>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u6405\u62cc\u7684\u69fd\u53cd\u5e94\u5668<\/span>(CSTR)<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u6d41f<\/em>\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684<\/span>(\u53c2\u89c1\u88682)<\/span>\uff1a\u5728\u77ac\u6001\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c(1) \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u03be<\/em>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41f’<\/em>\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6d41f<\/em>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c(2) \u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u03be0<\/sub><\/em>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41f’<\/em>\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6d41f<\/em>\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28<\/span> (\u5426\u5219\u662f\u201c\u975e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u201d)<\/span>\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u6587\u732e[98]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u662f\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83CSTR\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41f’<\/em>\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6d41f<\/em>\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u88682. \u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cf’<\/em>\u4ee3\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\uff0cf<\/em>\u4ee3\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u3002\u03be<\/em>\u8868\u793a\u975e\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u03be0<\/sub><\/em>\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[98]\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ecf\u6587\u732e[98]\u6388\u6743\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002\u7248\u6743\u6240\u6709\u00a9 2020, The Author(s)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u548cRAF\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u30021994\u5e74Fontana\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u03bb<\/em>\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u78b0\u649e\u65f6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u3002\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6784\u9020\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u5206\u5b50[99]\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u666e\u9002\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u5224\u5b9a\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ddf\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7406\u8bba\u548cRAF\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531Dittrich\u548cBanzhaf\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba<\/span>(COT)<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6846\u67b6[100]\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u5c01\u95ed\u4e14\u81ea\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7ec4\u5206<\/span>(\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cfRAF\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u6837)<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5728COT\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94[101]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc<\/span>(E. coli)<\/span>\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6[102]\u3002Semenov\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50<\/span>(\u4e00\u4e2a\u786b\u916f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a3-\u6c28\u57fa\u786b\u9187\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u786b\u9187\u6291\u5236\u5242\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u6162\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u786b\u9187\u6291\u5236\u5242)<\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u53cc\u7a33\u6001\u548c\u632f\u8361\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86[103]\u3002Otto\u6559\u6388\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u80bd\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5757\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u5757\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u62103\u5143\u73af\u30014\u5143\u73af\u548c6\u5143\u73af\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d6\u5143\u73af\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e3\u5143\u73af\u548c4\u5143\u73af\u7684\u30026\u5143\u73af\u80fd\u591f\u5806\u53e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u65ad\u88c2\u540e\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u53e0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf[104, 105]\u3002Nanda\u7b49\u4eba\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u03b2<\/em>-\u7247\u72b6\u80bd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u6027\u3001\u7ea0\u9519\u6027\u548c\u624b\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6027[106]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cPeng\u7b49\u4eba\u8868\u660e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7279\u6027[107]\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728KEGG\u53cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93[108]\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u548c\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94[109]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7406\u8bba\u3001RAF\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u4ee3\u8c22<\/span>(Metabolism)<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65<\/span>(\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b[44, 45])<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9762\u4e34\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a(1) \u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>(\u6216\u7b49\u6548\u5730\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b)<\/span>\uff0c(2) \u80fd\u591f\u5177\u5907\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.2 \u5173\u4e8e\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7406\u8bba<\/span> (\u6216RAF\u7406\u8bba) <\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u533a\u5ba4\u6216\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6210\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8ddf\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u600e\u6837\u5c06\u5176\u8026\u5408\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u539f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>(protocell)<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6162\u6162\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u4e86\u8fb9\u754c\u5206\u5b50\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec6\u80de\u4e00\u6837\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4eceG\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u7684\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u5230William Martin\u548cMichael Russell\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u57281980\u5e74\uff0cG\u00fcnter W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u94c1-\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u524d\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u9996\u5148\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u94c1\u786b\u77ff\u7269\u8868\u9762[30]\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u53cd\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5408\u6210\u6709\u673a\u6784\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Miller\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90<\/span>(\u6a21\u62df\u95ea\u7535\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04)<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201cW\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u81ea\u5e26\u5185\u7f6e\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u94c1\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269<\/span>(\u5982\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff)<\/span>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u77ff\u7269[30]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f[30, 110]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u94c1\u786b\u5316\u7269\u8868\u9762\u662f\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u5438\u9644\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6392\u5217\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u805a\u5408[30]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u6df1\u6d77\u9ad8\u538b\u9ad8\u6e29\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9ed1\u70df\u56f1[111, 112]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7531\u6c22\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7b49\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9661\u5ced\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c[113, 114]\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5982\u94c1\u786b\u5316\u7269\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77ff\u7269\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a(1) \u67d0\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4f5c\u7528[30]\uff1b(2) \u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7684\u8868\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb8\u591a\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>(\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u94c1\u548c\u954d)<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fa\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242[115-118]\uff1b(3) \u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fa\u78b3\u9014\u5f84\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5c0f\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6709\u673a\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u673a\u6c14\u4f53\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0crTCA)<\/span>[113, 114]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8868\u9762\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d[30]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec6\u80de\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u7684\u533a\u5ba4\/\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Martin\u548cRussell\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684[113, 114, 119]\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u9ed1\u70df\u56f1\u578b\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u70bd\u70ed<\/span>(\u7ea6350\u00b0C)<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u6df1\u6d77\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3<\/span>(\u7ea6100\u00b0C)<\/span>\u9644\u8fd1\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684<\/span>(2000\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5931\u843d\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\u55b7\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50[120, 121])<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u5fae\u89c2\u5b54\u6d1e\uff0c\u7531\u8584\u819c\u72b6\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u58c1\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u51fa\u73b0\u9694\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5728W\u00e4chtersh\u00e4user\u539f\u59cb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u662f\u7f3a\u5931\u7684[113, 122]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        1. \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e24\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u81ea\u7ec4\u6210\u80f6\u675f\u6216\u56ca\u6ce1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u819c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5373\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u81ea\u652f\u6491\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u819c\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5c0f\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u5e76\u53d8\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7ec6\u83cc<\/span>(\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269)<\/span>\u548c\u53e4\u83cc\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u819c\u8102\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        2. \u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6d53\u7f29\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f62\u6210\u5be1\u805a\u4f53\u6216\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        3. \u7ec6\u80de\u8fb9\u754c\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u539f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>(protocell)<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u4e2d<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u4e2d)<\/span>\uff0c\u201c\u539f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>(protocell)<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6e7f\u6da6\u5e72\u71e5\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf(UV)\u7167\u5c04\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u8102\u8d28\u5f62\u6210\u819c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6210[123-125]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u201c\u9ecf\u571f\u5047\u8bf4\u201d\u2014\u2014\u9ecf\u571f\u77ff\u7269\u662f\u7531\u6676\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u5408\u94dd\u7845\u9178\u76d0<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5cad\u77f3\u548c\u8499\u8131\u77f3)<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531Graham Cairns-Smith\u4e8e1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684[126]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7c98\u571f\u6676\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7531\u7c98\u571f\u6676\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u9057\u4f20\u63a5\u7ba1\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53[127-129]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u94c1\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662fRussell\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7269\u7406\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[113\u3001114\u3001119\u3001126]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (protocell)<\/span> \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u7531\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u671f\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u8fb9\u754c\u6162\u6162\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\uff1f\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6700\u8fd1Peng\u548cBaum\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u539f\u59cb\u6c64\u548c\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u9897\u7c92\u8fde\u7eed\u8f6c\u79fb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u5bcc\u96c6\u7684\u6f5c\u529b[130,131]\u3002\u5728Wo\u0142os\u548cGrzybowski\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u919b\u7c7b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76f4\u94fe\u7684\u9971\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u03b1<\/em>-\u7f9f\u57fa\u9178\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242)<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u81ea\u53d1\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de-\u73af\u5883\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u56ca\u6ce1\u7ed3\u6784[35]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u4e2d\u7a7a\u80f6\u4f53<\/span> (\u66ff\u4ee3\u8102\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u533a\u9694)<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5fae\u5b54\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f53[132]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.3 \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u590d\u6742\uff1a\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7531\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u8fb9\u754c\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5462\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94c1\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5b50[30]\u3002\u5728RAF\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684RAF\u96c6\u5408\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u4e00\u7ea7RAF\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f62\u6210[96]\u3002\u5728Peng\u548cBaum\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>(SDASs)<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6fc0\u6d3b\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u590d\u6742\u5316<\/span> (\u4e0d\u662f\u50cfRAF\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u79cd\u5b50\u201d\u89e6\u53d1)<\/span> [107]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u9996\u5148, \u9700\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u590d\u6742\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u662f\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684[133,134]\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bf4\u751f\u547d(<\/span>\u6bd4\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50)<\/span>\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u5e8f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u95ee\u6676\u4f53\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u8c01\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u76f4\u89c9\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u547d\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u66f4\u6709\u5e8f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u663e\u7136\u6676\u4f53\u6bd4\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u66f4\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba<\/span>(Ladderpath theory)<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e24\u6839\u8f74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6(\u03bb<\/em>)\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6784\u9020\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u548c\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6(\u03c9<\/em>)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u600e\u6837\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u3001\u4ee5\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/span>(\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e58\u79ef) <\/span>[135, 136]\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u9760\u8fd1x<\/em>\u8f74\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6(\u03bb<\/em>)\u5f88\u9ad8\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6(\u03c9)\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9760\u8fd1y\u8f74\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6(\u03bb)\u5f88\u4f4e\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6(\u03c9)\u5f88\u9ad8<\/span> (\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[136])<\/span> \u3002\u800c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n
        \u56fe3. \u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/strong>\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6b63\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

        1. \u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/span> (\u201c\u6210\u6838\u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

        2. \u90e8\u5206\u6216\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236<\/span> (\u201c\u590d\u5236\u201d)<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5e76\u4e14\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u56fe4a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6784\u4ef6\u6216\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>(\u7528\u9ed1\u8272\u548c\u7070\u8272\u7684\u70b9\u8868\u793a)<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u65e0\u6cd5\u590d\u5236<\/span>(\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u662f\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002\u7ed3\u6784[A]\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e94\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u751f\u6210\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u56fe4b\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u5236<\/span>(\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784[B]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5185\u751f\u6210\u3002\u6839\u636e\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97[A]\u548c[B]\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a(1) [A]\u548c[B]\u7684\u68af\u5f84\u5ea6(\u03bb<\/em>)\u90fd\u662f5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e94\u6b65\uff1b(2) \u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6\u03c9<\/em> = S<\/em> – \u03bb<\/em> \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2dS\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6784\u6210\u9ed1\u70b9\u603b\u6570\uff09<\/span>\uff0c[B]\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6(\u03c9<\/em>)\u662f24-5=19\uff0c\u800c[A]\u7684\u03c9<\/em>\u662f6-5=1\uff1b(3) \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c[B]\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f19\u00d75\uff0c\u800c[A]\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f1\u00d75\uff0c\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u8868\u660e[B]\u6bd4[A]\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n

        \u56fe4. (a) \u975e\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002(b) \u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/strong>\u65b9\u6846\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf(\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981)\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408(\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f)\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u3002\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u9ed1\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u7070\u8272\u8868\u793a(\u4ec5\u6613\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65e0\u5173)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\u662f\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a(1)\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5728\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>(\u5373\u8f7d\u4f53\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u672a\u5206\u5f00)<\/span>\uff1b(2)\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u6ee1\u8db3\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u79ef\u7d2f\u800c\u6269\u5927\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5728\u5bfc\u5411\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u539f\u521d\u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5230\u751f\u6210\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u6700\u540e\u751f\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5373\u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u76843\u4e2a\u671f\u5f85\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span> (\u94c1\u786b\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u8bf4\uff0cRAF\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u79cd\u5b50\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf(SDASs)\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d) <\/span>\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u7ed9\u4e88\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u7406\u6240\u5e94\u5f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a33\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6210\u6838\u548c\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u68af\u5f84\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u662f\u4ece\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>(\u4ee3\u8c22)<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u671f\u671b\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8c01\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5206\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u6574\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u901a\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ebf\u8def\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u901a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5177\u6709\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u518d\u7ed9\u4e00\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u901a\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u70b9\u4eae\u201c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u77ed\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d7\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u901a\u7528\u8def\u5f84\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u901a\u7528\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        4. \u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
         <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e24\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6fc0\u52b1\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a, \u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8981\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u590d\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9996\u5148, \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6307\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u3001\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u5c0f<\/span> (\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53d8\u5316)<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u71b5\uff0c\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e2d\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5373\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u6709\u201c\u521d\u6b65\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u201d[98]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u8102\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5047\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ec4\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u201d[67]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u72ec\u7acb[8]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u60c5\u8282\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u58a8\u6c34) <\/span>\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5982 DNA \u548c RNA\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4fa7\u94fe\u4ee5\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u6d41\u5411\u6765\u4f20\u9012[137]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eDNA \/ RNA\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u662f\u60f3\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u65e0\u4fe1\u606f -> \u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f -> \u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u540e\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002Szathm\u00e1ry\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u590d\u5236\u4f53<\/span>(Holistic)<\/span> -> \u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4f53<\/span>(limited hereditary)<\/span> -> \u5177\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4f53<\/span>(unlimited information)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u6307\u7684\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>(\u6709\u9650\u9057\u4f20\u6307RNA\uff0c\u65e0\u9650\u9057\u4f20\u6307DNA)<\/span>[138]\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u7b97\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5219\u5373\u5176\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u673a\u5236\u95ee\u9898<\/span>(\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>(\u5728\u7b2c2.1\u8282\u4e2d\u7b80\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0)<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>(\u5728\u7b2c2.2\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd)<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53<\/span>(\u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u5f62\u5f0f)<\/span>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c3\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u66f4\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u6784\u5efa\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u533a\u5ba4\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u6700\u7ec8\u72ec\u7acb\u533a\u5ba4\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u751f\u5b58<\/span>(\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fd1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u68af\u5f84\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u7b2c3.3\u8282\u4e2d\u6982\u8ff0)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u50cf\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b9a\u91cf\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u672a\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5f15\u8d77\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u66f4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0e\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6[139]\uff1aDeshpande\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u82af\u7247\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6ce8\u5165\u8102\u8d28\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u8f9b\u9187\u8f85\u52a9\u8102\u8d28\u4f53\u7ec4\u88c5 [140]\uff1bWeiss\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u5c06ATP\u5408\u9176\u201c\u4e0a\u4f20\u201d\u5230\u56ca\u6ce1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u56ca\u6ce1\u5185\u5236\u9020ATP\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53[141]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u201cCatlyNet\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u98df\u7269\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97RAFs<\/span>\uff08\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u5408[108\uff0c142]\u3002\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u5408\u6210\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c<\/span> (\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53cd\u5411\u5408\u6210\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Chematica\u548cRetroPath2.0[143\uff0c144]) <\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u201cAllchemy\u201d\u5e73\u53f0\u5df2\u88ab\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u5408\u6210\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u590d\u6742\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u524d\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u901a\u8def[35]\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5316\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u9020\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Burger\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u5408\u6210\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u516b\u5929\u5185\u6267\u884c\u4e86688\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6c22\u7684\u5149\u50ac\u5316\u5242[145]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caChemputer\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u5929\u5185\u81ea\u52a8\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u7387\u53ef\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u732e\u62a5\u9053\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e[146]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u5b9a\u5411\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a81\u53d8-\u9009\u62e9-\u79ef\u7d2f\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u4e32\u884c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7b5b\u9009\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u62e9\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387[147\uff0c148]\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bf9\u57fa\u56e0\u56de\u8def\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u819c\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u6574\u5408\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u72ed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (\u5373\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u6216\u9176\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u590d\u5236)<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u5747\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u7403\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5faa\u73af\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u7ec6\u80de\u6784\u5efa\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u771f\u6b63\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f14\u5316\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u661f\u9645\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u73af\u5883 <\/span>(\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u865a\u62df\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d) <\/span>\u91cd\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c<\/span>(\u5373\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027)<\/span>\u662f\u5145\u5206\u4e14\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fde\u7eed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u91cd\u6784\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u4ece\u5143\u4ef6\u3001\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5230\u6574\u5408\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u518d\u521b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \u81f4\u8c22<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u611f\u8c22\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8d77\u6e90\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

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        \n
        \n

        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
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        \n

        <\/section>\n

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        15. Damiano, L., and Luisi, P. L. (2010) Towards an autopoietic redefinition of life. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph., 40, 145-149<\/span><\/p>\n

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        146. Steiner, S., Wolf, J., Glatzel, S., Andreou, A., Granda, J. M., Keenan, G., Hinkley, T., Aragon-Camarasa, G., Kitson, P. J., Angelone, D., et al. (2019) Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language. Science, 363, 144<\/span><\/p>\n

        147. Wu, Z., Kan, S. B. J., Lewis, R. D., Wittmann, B. J., and Arnold, F. H. (2019) Machine learning-assisted directed protein evolution with combinatorial libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 8852-8858<\/span><\/p>\n

        148. Yang, K. K., Wu, Z., and Arnold, F. H. (2019) Machine-learning-guided directed evolution for protein engineering. Nat. Methods, 16, 687-694<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
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        \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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        \u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u751f\u547d\u662f\u6709\u5fc3\uff08\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4f60\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5265\u5f00\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u5fc3\u810f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u9897\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u201d\uff1b\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u201c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u53d1\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u3002\u66f4\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5907\u9009\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u590d\u6742\u6d3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u6728\u7403(\u4ec7\u73ae\u794e)\u8054\u5408\u5468\u7406\u4e7e\u3001\u738b\u4e1c\u3001\u8463\u8fbe\u3001\u5218\u5b87\u3001\u82d1\u660e\u7406\u3001\u5085\u6e25\u6210\u3001\u7ae0\u5f66\u535a\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u300b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u300a\u5171\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u300b<\/a><\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3001\u7855\u535a\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u5165\u7fa4\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>
        <\/section>\n
        \u81ea\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u5256\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n

        \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

        1. <\/strong>\u5916\u661f\u751f\u547d\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u6446\u5728\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u5417\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u68af\u5f84\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u601d\u8def<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        2. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027 | \u5218\u5b87\u8bbf\u8c08<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        3.<\/strong> \u4eba\u5de5\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/strong><\/section>\n
        4.<\/strong><\/strong> \u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u767e\u5e74\u63a2\u7d22\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8c01\u662f\u4e3b\u89d2\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        5.<\/strong><\/strong> \u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1aScience\u520a\u6587\u63ed\u793a\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5316\u5b66\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        6. \u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u591a\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u5bfb\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        7. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        <\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
        8. \u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
        9. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


        <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

        <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u5bfc\u8bed \u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u5728\u671f\u520a Quantitative Biology \u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u751f\u7269…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":46827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46841"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46841"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=46841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}