{"id":46991,"date":"2023-12-07T16:43:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T08:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46991"},"modified":"2023-12-07T16:43:59","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T08:43:59","slug":"%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e5%9b%be%e7%81%b5%e3%80%8a%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e3%80%8b%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e5%9b%9e%e9%a1%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=46991","title":{"rendered":"\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u601d\u8003\u5417\uff1f\u56fe\u7075\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u300b\u7ecf\u5178\u56de\u987e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1950\u5e74\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5148\u9a71\u201d\u7684\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\uff08Alan M. Turing\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u300b\uff08Computing Machinery and Intelligence\uff09\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u56fe\u7075\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u201d\uff08Imitation Game\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u4e16\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u201c\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u7684\u5149\u73af\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u8bfb\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u56fe\u7075\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8AGI\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u505a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u56de\u5f52\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u4e30\u539a\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u6240\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Computing Machinery and Intelligence<\/span><\/section>\n
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7. \u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Can machines think?<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u548c\u201c\u601d\u8003\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u6216\u8bb8\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6cd5\u6765\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u96be\u907f\u514d\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u5417\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u201c\u76d6\u6d1b\u666e\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u201d<\/span>\uff08imitation game\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba<\/span>\uff08A\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\uff08B\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\uff08C\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u7537\u5973\uff09\u3002\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5f85\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4eba\u76f8\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5916\u9762\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u3002\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u7528\u6807\u7b7e X\u3001Y \u6307\u79f0\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u8bf4\u51fa\u201cX \u662f A\uff0cY \u662f B\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201cX \u662f B\uff0cY \u662f A\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005 C \u53ef\u4ee5\u5411 A \u548c B \u63d0\u51fa\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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C\uff1a\u8bf7 X \u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4f60\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u5728\u5047\u5982 X \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f A\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 A \u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u3002A \u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f C \u505a\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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A\uff1a\u6211\u7559\u77ed\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u7f15\u5927\u7ea6\u6709 9 \u82f1\u5bf8\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u5bf9\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6279\u8bc4<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f1a\u95ee\u201c\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u95ee\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u9012\u5f52<\/span>\uff08This latter question we investigate without further ado, thereby cutting short an infinite regress<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u95ee\uff1a\u8bf7\u5199\u4e00\u9996\u4ee5\u798f\u65af\u6865[1]\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7<\/span> (sonnet)<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u95ee\uff1a34957 + 70764 \u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e0b\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b54\uff1a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u95ee\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u738b\u5728 K1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u68cb\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u738b\u5728 K6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u5728 R1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8be5\u4f60\u8d70\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u8d70?<\/span><\/section>\n

\u7b54\uff1a<\/span>(\u505c\u987f 15 \u79d2) <\/span>\u8f66\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 R8\uff0c\u5c06\u519b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u7b54\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u56ca\u62ec\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u673a\u5668\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u9009\u7f8e\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u5931\u5229\u800c\u53d7\u7f5a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u7c7b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0e\u98de\u673a\u7684\u7ade\u901f\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u53d7\u7f5a\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u65e0\u80fd\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5938\u8000\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u80dc\u7b97\u592a\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span>(The odds are weighted too heavily against the machine\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u5192\u5145\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4ed6\u663e\u7136\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u505a\u7b97\u672f\u7f13\u6162\u548c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u800c\u7acb\u9a6c\u9732\u9985\u3002\u96be\u9053\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u601d\u7ef4\u4f46\u548c\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u73a9\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u800c\u70e6\u607c\u3002[2]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u73a9\u201c\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c \u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65e0\u4f24\u5927\u96c5\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08theory of the game\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5047\u5b9a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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3. \u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u91c7\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u7136\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8ba9\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u522b[3]\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ae\u80a4\u7ec6\u80de\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u5177\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u6784\u5efa\u601d\u7ef4\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u4e4d\u770b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bf4\u660e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u987b\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u601d\u8003\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5177\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u53cd\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u4e0e\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u95ee\uff1a<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u620f<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u540e\u5c06\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u5e94\u8be5\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u504f\u79bb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u7eb8\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u53f0\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/span>
<\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/span>\uff08Store\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u6267\u884c\u5668<\/span>\uff08Executive unit\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/span>\uff08Control\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u7684\u7eb8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eb8\u6253\u5370\u8ba1\u7b97\u89c4\u5219\u4e66\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7b97\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6267\u884c\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u5355\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c3540675445 \u4e58\u4ee5 7076345687\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5199\u4e0b 0\u201d\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u9762\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u7684\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u4e66\u201d\u7531\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u201d<\/strong><\/span> (Table of instructions<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6307\u4ee4\u6309\u7167\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5927\u5c0f\u9002\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7531\u5341\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u201c\u628a\u5b58\u653e\u5728 6809 \u7684\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b58\u653e\u5728 4302 \u7684\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5165\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u201c6809,4302,17\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c17 \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u5171\u5360\u7528\u4e86 10 \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6307\u4ee4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201c\u73b0\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 5606 \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6216\u8005\u201c\u5982\u679c 4505 \u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f 0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 6707 \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u6307\u4ee4\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e00\u6bb5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u3001\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u904d\u53c8\u4e00\u904d\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5988\u5988\u60f3\u8ba9\u6c64\u59c6\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0a\u5b66\u65f6\u90fd\u5230\u978b\u5320\u90a3\u91cc\u770b\u770b\u5979\u7684\u978b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5988\u5988\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4e00\u904d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c64\u59c6\u6bcf\u5929\u4e0a\u5b66\u90fd\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8d34\u4e2a\u4fbf\u6761\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u5230\u978b\u5320\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u6c64\u59c6\u62ff\u56de\u978b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6495\u6389\u90a3\u4e2a\u4fbf\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8bfb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u53d9\u8ff0\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u8bb0\u5f97\u4f4f<\/span>\u4ed6\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u60f3\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u6a21\u4eff\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u544a\u8bc9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u505a\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u201c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u7f16\u7a0b\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c A\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u628a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8868\u653e\u5165\u673a\u5668\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c A\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u53d8\u4f53\u662f\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u63b7\u9ab0\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u522b\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u63b7\u90a3\u4e2a\u9ab0\u5b50\u5e76\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5165\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 1000 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u6709\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf8\u5982\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ec5\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6211<\/span>\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u65e0\u9650\u5bb9\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6709\u5173\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u30021828 \u5230 1839 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Lucasian \u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684 Charles Babbage \u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u673a<\/span>\uff08Analytical Engine\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 Babbage \u6709\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u8981\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u673a<\/span>\uff08Manchester Machine\uff09<\/span>\u6162 100 \u500d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u6162\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u7528\u8f6e\u5b50\u548c\u5361\u7247\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u7531\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684 Babbage \u5206\u6790\u673a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7834\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u7535\u5b50<\/span>\u7684\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u3002\u65e2\u7136 Babbage \u7684\u673a\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u660e\u767d\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u901f\u8fd0\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c \u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u81f3\u5c11\u548c\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u58f0\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5bfb\u627e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u5bfb\u627e\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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    5. \u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8868\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002[4]<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af<\/span>\uff08Laplace\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u6240\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u9884\u77e5\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u76f8\u6bd4\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5c06\u4f1a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5341\u4ebf\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5398\u7c73\u7684\u504f\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u96ea\u5d29\u4e2d\u6b7b\u53bb\u8fd8\u662f\u9003\u751f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u201d\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5668\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u672a\u6765\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u901a\u5e38<\/span>\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 2<\/span>165000<\/sup> \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u7ea6 10<\/span>50000<\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8f6e\u5b50\u4ec5\u6709 3 \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u627e\u5230\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u7684\u7eb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5199\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5199\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u5458\u6240\u7528\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7528\u4ece 0-9  \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u624b\u5199\u7b14\u8ff9\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5047\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5177\u6709 100 \u5f20\u6bcf\u5f20 50 \u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c 30 \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u5c06\u662f 10<\/span>(100<\/sup>\u00d7<\/sup><\/em>50<\/sup>\u00d7<\/sup><\/em>30)<\/sup>\uff0c\u5373 10<\/span>150000<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u7ea6\u662f 3 \u4e2a\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u7684\u4ee5 2 \u4e3a\u5e95\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f 165000\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u8f6e\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f 1.6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u5c0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u539f\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u548c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u673a\u5177\u6709 64 \u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f 2560 \u7684\u78c1\u5e26\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u30018 \u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 1280 \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u5404 \u6837\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5927\u7ea6\u662f 300 \u4e2a\uff0c\u603b\u5bb9\u91cf\u5171 174380\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u673a\u5668\u5c06\u4f1a\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u5728\u524d\u9762\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff08B\uff09\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08A\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd0\u884c\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u610f\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u7528\u673a\u5668<\/span>\uff08universal machines\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u9002\u5f53\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u7531<\/span>\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u672b\u5c3e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u4e2d\u521d\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/strong>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u5176\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Are  there  imaginable  digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Are there discrete state machines which would do well?\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5b57<\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u901a\u7528\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a C \u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002C \u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272 A\uff0c\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272 B\uff0cC \u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    6. \u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bae<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u6574\u7406\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u201c\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u601d\u8003\uff1f\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5f15\u7533\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u542c\u53d6\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u9996\u5148\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6 50 \u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230 109<\/sup> \u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5728\u63d0\u95ee 5 \u5206\u949f\u540e\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 70%\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u5417\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u8bed\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u5e38\u8bc6\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\uff08general educated opinion\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8c08\u8bba\u673a\u5668\u601d\u7ef4\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u53cd\u9a73\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9690\u7792\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u597d\u5904\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5bfc\u51fa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u731c\u60f3<\/span>\uff08conjectures\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5212\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5bb3\u5904\u3002\u731c\u60f3\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0<\/span>\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411<\/span>\uff08lines of research\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u6211\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.1 \u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5f02\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u601d\u8003\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u673d\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d4b\u4e88\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u4e00\u9897\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u6216\u673a\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u6216\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ad9\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6b66\u65ad\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5987\u5973\u6ca1\u6709\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4f55\u611f\u60f3\uff1f\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u5b83\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9 1 = 2\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u8d4b\u4e88\u5927\u8c61\u7075\u9b42\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u8c61\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>\uff08It may seem different because it is more di\ufb00icult to \u201cswallow\u201d.<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u8d4b\u4e88\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5408\u9002\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u60c5\u51b5\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5236\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65f6\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u65e0\u793c\u5730\u5265\u593a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6743\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5265\u593a\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u80b2\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5236\u9020\u673a\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4f\u6240\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4e0d\u592a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u636e\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u5728\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span>\uff08Galileo\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u5934\u5728\u5929\u5f53\u4e2d\u505c\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6025\u901f\u4e0b\u843d\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u8bb0\uff08Joshua\uff09\u300b\uff0c10:13\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5c06\u5730\u7acb\u5728\u6839\u57fa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5730\u6c38\u4e0d\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u8bd7\u7bc7<\/span>\uff08Psalm\uff09\u300b\uff0c104:5\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6587\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u9a73\u4e86\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c<\/span>\uff08Copernicus\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5c31\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.2 \u201c\u9e35\u9e1f\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u5f02\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u7684\u540e\u679c\u592a\u53ef\u6015\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u613f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u601d\u8003\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u9762\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u76f4\u767d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u4f1a\u5982\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e48\u60f3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u66f4\u4e3a\u5353\u8d8a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u518d\u597d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5931\u53bb\u90a3\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u601d\u7ef4\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u9a73\u3002\u5927\u6982\u5bfb\u627e\u4e9b\u5bbd\u6170\u4e4b\u8bcd\u66f4\u6070\u5f53\uff1a\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7075\u9b42\u8f6e\u56de\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    6.3 \u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5f02\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406<\/span>\uff08G\u00f6del\u2019 s theorem\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u5b9a\u7406\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u771f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<\/span>\uff08G\u00f6del \u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u9636\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u521d\u7b49\u6570\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u3002<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u90b1\u5947<\/span>\uff08Church\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u514b\u6797<\/span>\uff08Kleene<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7f57\u745f<\/span>\uff08Rosser\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u56fe\u7075<\/span>\uff08Turing\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6<\/span>\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u673a\u5668\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u9650\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7ed9\u5b83\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u4e48\u7ed9\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5e72\u8106\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u51fa\u6ee1\u610f\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u662f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5426\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u201c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd5\u52a0\u7d22\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u53f0\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u22ef\u22ef\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u2018\u662f\u2019 \u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70b9\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7b2c 5  \u8282\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u4e0e\u88ab\u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6b64\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u529b\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u3002 [5]<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u7cca\u5f04\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4e00\u53f0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u90a3\u79cd\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6b64\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u9519\u89c9\uff1f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u56de\u7b54\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u9e23\u5f97\u610f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\uff0c \u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u673a\u5668\u800c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5dee\u9519\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5668\u66f4\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4fe1\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.4 \u6765\u81ea\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6770\u5f17\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Jefferson\uff09<\/span>\u6559\u6388\u5728 1949 \u5e74\u5229\u65af\u7279\u6f14\u8bb2<\/span>\uff08Lister Oration\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u5730\u6d82\u5199\u51fa\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u6216\u534f\u594f\u66f2\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u611f\u77e5\u5230<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u7684\u559c\u60a6\uff0c\u4fdd\u9669\u4e1d\u7194\u65ad\u65f6\u7684\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u88ab\u5949\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\uff0c\u72af\u9519\u65f6\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u6027\u7231\u7684\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6b32\u671b\u65f6\u7684\u6124\u6012\u6216\u6cae\u4e27\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u53f0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f53\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684\u6ca1\u4eba\u4f1a\u5f53\u771f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5728\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u552f\u6211\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0cA \u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46 B \u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u800c B \u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46 A \u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u4e89\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u786e\u4fe1\u6770\u5f17\u68ee\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u548c\u552f\u6211\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f<\/span>\uff08\u5ffd\u7565\u6e38\u620f\u8005 B\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53e3\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08viva voce\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u662f\u5426\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9e66\u9e49\u5b66\u820c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u6761\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u53e3\u8bd5\u201d\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u6b32\u6bd4\u541b\u4e3a\u590f\u65e5\u201d\u82e5\u5c06\u201c\u590f\u65e5\u201d\u6539\u6210\u201c\u6625\u65e5\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u597d\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u62bc\u97f5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\uff1a\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u51ac\u65e5\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u62bc\u97f5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u88ab\u6bd4\u4f5c\u51ac\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\uff1a\u4f60\u8bf4 Pickwick \u5148\u751f <\/span>(Charles Dickens \u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/span>) <\/span>\u8ba9\u4f60\u60f3\u5230\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u4e86\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff1a\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\uff1a\u7136\u800c\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u662f\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a Pickwick \u5148\u751f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff1a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u5728\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u51ac\u65e5\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u51ac\u65e5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u90a3\u6837\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u22ef\u22ef<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u90a3\u53f0\u5199\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5728\u201c\u53e3\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\u80fd\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u56de\u7b54\uff0cJefferson \u6559\u6388\u4f1a\u6709\u4f55\u770b\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u4fe1\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u56de\u7b54\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u628a\u5b83\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u64ad\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5ff5\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u5e76\u80fd\u9002\u65f6\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u79d8\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08localise\uff09<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u7b54\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.5 \u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u6267\u884c\u4f60\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5177\u6709 X \u7c7b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9648\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u770b\u8fc7\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5916\u89c2\u4e11\u964b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u6709\u53d8\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u5fae\u5c0f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u6b64\u4eba\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u201c\u5fc5\u5907\u7279\u5f81\u201d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u673a\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e0\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6570\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u8c08\u8bba\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u53ca\u5176\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u4fe1\u53e3\u5f00\u6cb3\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u706b\u70eb\u8fc7\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5bb3\u6015\u8721\u70db\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u56de\u907f\u8721\u70db\u201d\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u50cf\u5927\u591a\u6570\u82f1\u56fd\u513f\u7ae5\u4e00\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5b66\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u611a\u8822\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5173\u4e8e\u521a\u624d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u51e0\u53e5\u3002\u65ad\u8a00\u673a\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4eab\u53d7\u8349\u8393\u548c\u5976\u6cb9\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u8349\u7387\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u673a\u5668\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5473\uff0c\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u5f3a\u8feb\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u90fd\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u50cf\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u60c5\u611f\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u53cd\u9a73\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u72af\u9519\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6a21<\/span>\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u51e0\u9053\u7b97\u672f\u9898\u5c31\u80fd\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u590d\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c<\/span>\uff08\u7f16\u7a0b\u7528\u4e8e\u73a9\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b97\u672f\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7b97\u9519\uff0c\u4ee5\u8499\u9a97\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u7b97\u672f\u9898\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5bf9\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7ad9\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u6e90\u4e8e\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ed3\u8bba\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u68b0\u6216\u7535\u6c14\u6545\u969c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u6307\u4ee4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5ffd\u7565\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u673a\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u865a\u6784\u3002\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4ece\u4e0d\u72af\u9519\u3002\u201d\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7ed3\u8bba\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u51fa\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u6216\u82f1\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u673a\u5668\u6253\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u547d\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u72af\u4e86\u7ed3\u8bba\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7406\u7531\u8bf4\u673a\u5668\u4ece\u4e0d\u72af\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u522b\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u6253\u51fa\u201c0=1\u201d\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u6709\u65f6\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u601d\u7ef4\u662f\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9a73\u56de\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u201c\u673a\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3 x<\/em>2<\/sup>\u221240x<\/em>\u221211 = 0 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u7591\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7f16\u6392\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u529e\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5355\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230 1000 <\/span>\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u90fd\u5f88\u7f55\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u5f02\u8bae\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u6240\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u4f4e\u7ea7\u4e86\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u6240\u5f15\u6770\u5f17\u68ee\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.6 \u62c9\u8299\u83b1\u65af\uff08Lovelace\uff09\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6709\u5173\u5df4\u8d1d\u5947\u5206\u6790\u673a<\/span>\uff08Babbage\u2019s Analytical Engine\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u62c9\u8299\u83b1\u65af\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u5979\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5206\u6790\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u6307\u6325\u5b83\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u659c\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u54c8\u7279\u91cc<\/span>\uff08Hartree\uff09<\/span>\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c 70 \u9875\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u2018\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u2019\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c \u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u2018\u5b66\u4e60\u2019\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u60f3\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u5236\u9020\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u54c8\u7279\u91cc\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u65ad\u8a00\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u62c9\u8299\u83b1\u65af\u592b\u4eba\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5979\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u67d0\u4e9b\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u673a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u4eff\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f2f\u7235\u592b\u4eba\u6216\u5df4\u8d1d\u5947<\/span>\uff08Babbage\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u9648\u8ff0<\/span>\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u4ee5\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5668<\/span>\uff08Learning Machines\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u518d\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.7 \u6765\u81ea\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c0f\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u8109\u51b2\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    6.8 \u6765\u81ea\u884c\u4e3a\u975e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u65e8\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u7ea2\u706f\u505c\uff0c\u7eff\u706f\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7ea2\u7eff\u706f\u540c\u65f6\u4eae\u4e86\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\u6700\u597d\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5982\u7ea2\u7eff\u706f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7531\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5c3d\u529b\u91cd\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u62c5\u5fc3\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u5230\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u884c\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u8c03\u63a7\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4<\/span>\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e2d\u9879\u4e0d\u5468\u5ef6<\/span>[6]\u5f88\u660e<\/span>\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u6307\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7ea2\u706f \u505c\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6307\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u634f\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53eb\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u7528\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5468\u5ef6\u7684\u4e2d\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u670d\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53d7\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\u8c03\u63a7\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53d7\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u5f8b\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5145\u5206\u5bfb\u627e\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u627e\u5230\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 1000 \u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\u5176\u672a\u6765\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5360 1000 \u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u7b54\u4e2d\u5c31\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    6.9 \u6765\u81ea\u8d85\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u4e89\u8bae<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u5047\u8bbe\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8d85\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9<\/span>\uff08extra-sensory perception\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94<\/span>\uff08telepathy\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9065\u89c6<\/span>\uff08clairvoyance\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9884\u77e5\u672a\u6765<\/span>\uff08precognition\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u610f\u5ff5\u79fb\u7269<\/span>\uff08psycho-kinesis\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u60f3\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bc1\u636e\u81f3\u5c11\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5c31\u8ddd\u79bb\u76f8\u4fe1\u9b3c\u602a\u4e0d\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u672a\u77e5\u4f46\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u8d85\u611f\u77e5\u89c9\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u70b9\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8d85\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u8bba\u8bc1\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u73a9\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\uff1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u64c5\u957f\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e00\u53f0\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53c2\u8d5b\u3002\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u53f3\u624b\u7684\u724c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u82b1\u8272\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u80fd\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u6216\u9065\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 400 \u5f20\u724c\u4e2d\u7b54\u5bf9 130 \u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u968f\u673a\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u7b54\u5bf9 104 \u5f20\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u53f0\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5b57\u751f\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5b57\u751f\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7b54\u5bf9\u6b21\u6570\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9065\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u63d0\u95ee\u5c31\u731c\u5bf9\u3002\u8d85\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u53c2\u4e0e\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u8be2\u95ee\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5219\u8d34\u7740\u5899\u5077\u542c\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5c06\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u95f4\u201c\u9632\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u5ba4\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
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    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    7. \u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5668<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u731c\u6d4b\u6211\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8bba\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7cbe\u529b\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u56de\u5230\u62c9\u8299\u83b1\u65af\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5411\u673a\u5668\u201c\u6ce8\u5165\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u9759\u6b62\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u88ab\u7434\u69cc\u6572\u51fb\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u5f26\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff1a\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u5c31\u50cf\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8f70\u51fb\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5b50\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u200d<\/span>\u200d<\/span>\u8c61\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u4e9a\u4e34\u754c\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e9a\u4e34\u754c\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4e0b\u6765\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u601d\u60f3\u5904<\/span>\u4e8e\u8d85\u4e34\u754c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8c\u7ea7\u3001\u4e09\u7ea7\u2026\u2026\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e9a\u4e34\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u8d85\u4e34\u754c\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u201d<\/span> (Can a machine be made super-critical?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u201c\u6d0b\u8471\u76ae\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u7ef4\u6216\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7eaf\u201c\u7269\u7406\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5269\u4e0b\u7684<\/span>\u90e8\u5206\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u6d0b\u8471\u76ae\u201d\u9700\u8981\u5265\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u73b0\u76ae\u91cc\u9762\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u90fd\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u6bb5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u201d<\/span>\uff08recitations tending to produce belief\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6b63\u5982\u6211\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u9700\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u5728 1010<\/sup> \u5230 1015<\/sup> \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u53d6\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f2\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7 109<\/sup>\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u7b2c 11 \u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u8111\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 2 \u00d7 <\/em>109<\/sup>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\uff0c107<\/sup> \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u673a\u5668\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5feb 1000 \u500d\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u4f59\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5929\u5927\u6982\u80fd\u7f16\u5199 1000 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u7ea6\u9700\u8981 60 \u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fde\u7eed\u7a33\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c 50 \u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u6254\u8fdb\u5e9f\u7eb8\u7bd3\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5feb\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u62df\u6210\u4eba\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5927\u8111\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n