{"id":47043,"date":"2023-12-11T19:30:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T11:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=47043"},"modified":"2023-12-11T19:30:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T11:30:28","slug":"%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e5%8f%af%e9%87%8d%e5%a4%8d%e6%80%a7%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=47043","title":{"rendered":"\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5371\u673a\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6311\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S\u00f6ren Dittmer, Michael Roberts, Julian Gilbey, Ander Biguri\u7b49<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Navigating the development challenges in creating complex data systems<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u76d6\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08Gall\u2019s law\uff0c\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u5347\u7ea7\uff09<\/span>[7]\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5efa\u9020\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u751f\u957f\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u654f\u6377\u7b49\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u76d6\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53bb\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u5b55\u80b2\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u884c\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053<\/span>\uff08data pipelines\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u8f6c\u5316\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u884c\u4ea7\u54c1\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u94a2\u7ebf\u201d<\/span>\uff08steel thread\uff09<\/span>[8]\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u504f\u79bb\u5df2\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u524d\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u5bf9\u5176\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08replicability\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u91cd\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08reproducibility\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u73b0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08reusability\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7eed\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u5c06\u627f\u53d7\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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(\u4e00)\u6570\u636e\u00d7\u4ee3\u7801=\u590d\u6742\u60272<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd1\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u7cbe\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u62df\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u51cf\u8f7b\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u77f3\u6cb9\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u573a\u77f3\u6cb9\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u672a\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u504f\u89c1[9]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u4e92\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u9a7e\u9a6d\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u5408\u5219\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e4b\u4e0a\u53e0\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u6839\u68cd\u5b50\u4e0a\u5e73\u8861\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u68cd\u5b50\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u6570\u636e=>\u6df7\u4e71\u6570\u636e=>\u5927\u4ee3\u7801=>\u6df7\u4e71\u4ee3\u7801=>\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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(\u4e8c)\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u7206\u53d1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\u5c31\u50cf\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5185\u751f\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u7531\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u5747\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8981\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u6b8b\u7559\u6f0f\u6d1e\u90fd\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u5206\u6790\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u4e14\u964c\u751f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6311\u6218\u4e00\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u6280\u80fd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ea\u719f\u6089\u7f16\u5199\u5c0f\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u91cd\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e92\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5219\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4e0d\u7d0a\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00[10]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5e94\u5f53\u626e\u6f14\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6311\u6218\u4e8c\uff1a\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c => \u6df7\u4e71\u4ee3\u7801 => \u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u5177\u5907\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u4e14\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u800c\u4fa5\u5e78\u8fd0\u884c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u89e3\u8bfb\u6216\u4fe1\u4efb\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u4ee3\u7801\u6b63\u786e\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u6216\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6311\u6218\u4e09\uff1a\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9006\u5411\u6fc0\u52b1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6253\u9020\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6587\u6863\u9f50\u5168\u4e14\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5374\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6765\u64b0\u5199\u65b0\u9896\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u81ea\u8eab\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u8eab\u58f0\u671b\u53ca\u804c\u4e1a\u524d\u666f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u6295\u5165\u8f83\u5c11\u7cbe\u529b\u662f\u6709\u6240\u56de\u62a5\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u957f\u8fdc\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u88ab\u5f15\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9006\u5411\u6fc0\u52b1<\/span>\uff08perverse incentivization\uff0c\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u6096\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u751f\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u6613\u4e8e\u5927\u4f17\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u201c\u62a2\u5148\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7701\u529b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u6fc0\u52b1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u957f\u8fdc\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7ea0\u504f\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6311\u6218\u56db\uff1a\u8d70\u6377\u5f84<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d\u8005\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u8d70\u6b64\u7c7b\u6377\u5f84\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u90fd\u7f16\u5199\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5076\u7136\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u751f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f97\u5efa\u7acb\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5185\u751f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u751f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u7ec6\u5fae\u4e4b\u5904\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u6311\u6218\u4e94\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u56e2\u961f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5982SCRUM\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u6846\u67b6[11,12]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u548c\u914d\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ea\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u63d0\u5347\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u660e\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u516d\uff09\u6311\u6218\u516d\uff1a\u5f25\u5408\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u9879\u76ee\u5f80\u5f80\u671f\u9650\u5f88\u77ed\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u5168\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u5374\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5373\u7528\u5373\u5f03\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u3002\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u6311\u6218\u4e03\uff1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6602\u8d35\u4e14\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u6e05\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u516b\uff09\u6311\u6218\u516b\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ee3\u7801\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u5e03Python\/Anaconda\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e5d\uff09\u6311\u6218\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b63\u89c4\u57f9\u8bad\u532e\u4e4f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u521b\u9020\u673a\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u3002\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u5177\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u770b\u4f3c\u6709\u6548\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u5929\u7136\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u3002\u800c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u77ed\u89c6\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56db\u3001\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u5c0f\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba[13]\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5fae\u5c0f\u6270\u52a8\u6781\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5c31\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u5c1a\u4e14\u662f\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u672a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fae\u5999\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u620f\u5267\u6027\u3001\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u7528\u5c0f\u6b65\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u504f\u79bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u592a\u8fdc\u3002\u76d6\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u751f\u957f\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u4e2a\u542bn<\/em>\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4eceO(n2<\/sup>)<\/em>\u964d<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u9ad8\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09<\/span>\u964d\u81f3O(n)<\/em>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u80fd\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8fc5\u901f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u542bn<\/em>\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u591a\u6709O(n2<\/sup>)<\/em>\u6b21\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b58\u5728O(n2<\/sup>)<\/em>\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6545\u969c\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u201cO(n2<\/sup>)<\/em>\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5[13,14]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u53d1\u539f\u5219\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe<\/span>\uff08\u5177\u6709O(n\u00b2)<\/em>\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3a\u7a00\u758f\u56fe\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u6545\u969c\u70b9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u56fe\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u5c40\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u56fe2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5de6\u4e3a\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\uff0c\u662f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u53f3\u4e3a\u7a00\u758f\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9075\u5faa\u654f\u6377\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u6784\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u65b0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684n<\/em>\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6f5c\u5728\u7684O(n\u00b2)<\/em>\u4e2a\u6545\u969c\u70b9\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684O(n)<\/em>\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6545\u969c\u70b9\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5f53\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u589e\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4eceO(n\u00b2)<\/em>\u964d\u4f4e\u5230O(n)<\/em>\u3002\u56fe3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u9700\u8981\u727a\u7272\u77ed\u671f\u8fdb\u5c55\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u957f\u671f\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\n
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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u7ed3\u5408\u5e76\u6982\u62ec\u6210\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u957f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4eceO(n\u00b2)<\/em>\u964d\u4f4e\u5230O(n)<\/em>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u89c4\u5212\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7136\u540e\u5168\u90e8\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u589e\u91cf\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3aO(n)<\/em>\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u81f3O(1)<\/em>\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c4\u5212\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u671d\u7740\u671f\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d1\u5c55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u589e\u91cf\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ea4\u66ff\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f15\u9886\u7740\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6f14\u53d8\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5[15-17]\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7ec6\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u6298\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5c06SpaceX\u706b\u7bad\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u706b\u7bad\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u8fed\u4ee3\u9002\u5e94\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u800c\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u6bd4\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6[18]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def<\/span>\uff08feedback loop\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u9010\u6b65\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6781\u5176\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u5bf9\u9f50\u6027<\/span>\uff08alignment\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u957f<\/span>\uff08cycle time\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u89c1\u56fe4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u8bf4\u660e\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u9f50\u6027\u03b8\u548c\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u95f4t\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a(t1,\u2009\u03b81)\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u6beb\u79d2\uff1b(t2,\u03b82)\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6216\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b(t3,\u03b83)\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u6beb\u79d2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9f50\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u5047\u8bbe\uff1f\u5c06\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u6781\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u9f50\u6027\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u53cd\u9988\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u601d\u8003\u83b7\u53d6\u53cd\u9988\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6210\u672c\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u8fc7\u957f\uff0c100%\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u7528\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u77ed\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u9891\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee3\u7801\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5bf9\u9f50\u6027\u548c\u77ed\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5feb\u901f\u5e76\u9891\u7e41\u8fd0\u884c\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u54cd\u5e94\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7531\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6548\u529b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u8861\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6613\u8bfb\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b0\u589e\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8fd8\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u5728\u672a\u6765\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027[19]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08horizontal layers\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u5206\u5c42\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u652f\u6491\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u6a31\u6843\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u94a2\u7ebf\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6548\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff08\u6a31\u6843\uff09\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u5e73\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c42\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u9762\u524d\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7279\u5f81\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u95ee\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\uff1f\u201d\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u6548\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u654f\u6377\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c42\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u7b80\u7ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5404\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u7d27\u5bc6\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7279\u5f81\u9884\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u65e0\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u201c\u9493\u9c7c\u5f0f\u63a2\u9669\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u548c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u5957\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5355\u5143\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee3\u7801\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u5bdf\u89c9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5e38\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u601d\u8003\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u5bf9\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u8be5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u53d7\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8bb8\u591a\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5c42\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u6570\u636e\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6084\u7136\u51fa\u9519\u4e43\u81f3\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u56fe\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u56fe\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5468\u671f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ece\u56fe\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5[22]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed4\u7ec6\u542c\u53d6\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u63d0\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u751f\u6210\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u8d2a\u5a6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5de5\u4f5c\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6216\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u5728\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u662f\u7279\u5f81\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\u5404\u73af\u8282\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u8fdc\u3001\u66f4\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3.Baker, M. 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility. Nature 533, 452\u2013454 (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

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6.Bhandari Neupane, J. et al. Characterization of leptazolines A-D, polar oxazolines from the Cyanobacterium leptolyngbya sp., reveals a glitch with the \u2018Willoughby-Hoye\u2019 scripts for calculating NMR chemical shifts. Org. Lett. 21, 8449\u20138453 (2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

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9.Roberts, M. et al. Common pitfalls and recommendations for using machine learning to detect and prognosticate for COVID-19 using chest radiographs and CT scans. Nat. Mach. Intell. 3, 199\u2013217 (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

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16.Vance, A. & Sanders, F. Elon Musk (Harper Collins, 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

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21.MacIver, D. R. Hypothesis x.y.; https:\/\/github.com\/HypothesisWorks\/hypothesis-python (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

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29.Valverde, S. & Sol\u00e9, R. V. Hierarchical small worlds in software architecture. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/cond-mat\/0307278 (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n


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