{"id":49319,"date":"2024-03-30T16:43:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T08:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=49319"},"modified":"2024-03-30T16:43:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T08:43:54","slug":"%e7%94%b5%e8%af%9d%e5%8f%91%e6%98%8e-%e6%89%91%e6%9c%94%e8%bf%b7%e7%a6%bb%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%e4%b8%a8%e9%99%88%e5%85%b3%e8%8d%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=49319","title":{"rendered":"\u7535\u8bdd\u53d1\u660e\u2014\u2014\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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AT&T\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u8bdd\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u201c\u7535\u8bdd\u201d<\/span>\uff08telephone\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d77\u5bb6\u7531\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u57281876\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u662f\u8d1d\u5c14\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1843\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u56e0\u8bfa\u7434\u4f50\u00b7\u66fc\u6cfd\u8482<\/span>\uff08Innocenzo V. B. L. C. Manzetti\uff0c1826\u5e74-1877\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5236\u4f5c\u201c\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1849\u5e74\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1854 \u5e74\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u88d4\u6cd5\u56fd\u7535\u62a5\u5458\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u745f\u5c14<\/span>\uff08M. Charles Bourseul\uff0c1829\u5e74-1912\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u6765\u4f20\u9001\u58f0\u97f3\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5236\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u4eea\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947<\/span>\uff08Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci\uff0c1808\u5e74-1889\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u57281854 \u5e74\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86telettrofono<\/span>\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u7684 telephone\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u7684\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b<\/span>\uff08Staten Island\uff09<\/span>\u4f4f\u6240\u9644\u4ef6\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u88c5\u7f6e\u30021871\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u77e5\u7167<\/span>\uff08caveat\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u62ee\u636e\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0d\u8d77\u6bcf\u5e7410\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u77e5\u7167\u7ef4\u6301\u8d39\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1861\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u81ea\u5b66\u6210\u624d\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u96f7\u65af<\/span>\uff08Johann Philipp Reis\uff0c1834\u5e74-1874\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u5236\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u628a\u58f0\u97f3\u53d8\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u8fbe\u767e\u7c73\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201ctelephone\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u5219\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201cReis\u2019 telephone\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u96be\u8c03\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u9ad8\u30021874\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u7535\u7f06\u516c\u53f8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u58f0\u97f3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u7231\u8fea\u751f<\/span>\uff08Thomas Alva Edison\uff0c1847\u5e74-1931\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5ba1\u95ee\u3001\u60ca\u5947\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u8bed\u8c03\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6e05\u6670\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u201d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e86\u78b3\u7c92\u5f0f\u8bdd\u7b52<\/span>\uff08carbon microphone\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1876\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4f0a\u5229\u6c99\u00b7\u683c\u96f7<\/span>\uff08Elisha Gray\uff0c1835\u5e74-1901\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u53ef\u53d8\u7535\u963b\u7535\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001\u673a\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3002\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u201c\u8c10\u6ce2\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u7535\u7ebf\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u7ec4\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u591a\u8def\u6216\u591a\u5c42\u901a\u8bdd\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u897f\u8054\u7535\u62a5\u516c\u53f8<\/span>\uff08Western Union Telegraph Company\uff09<\/span>\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c \u5728\u8fd9\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c1875 \u5e74 7 \u6708 27 \u65e5\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd 166,096\u53f7\u4e13\u5229\u201c\u4f20\u8f93\u97f3\u4e50\u97f3\u8c03\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u683c\u96f7\u7533\u8bf7\u7535\u8bdd\u4e13\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u683c\u96f7\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u60f3\u5e76\u62ab\u9732\u8be5<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u53d8\u7535\u963b\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u4ed6 1876 \u5e74 2 \u6708 14 \u65e5\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u672a\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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1876\u5e74 3\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u7684 174,465\u53f7\u4e13\u5229\u201c\u4ee5\u7535\u62a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u8bed\u97f3\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u540c\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Thomas Augustus Watson\uff0c1854\u5e74-1934\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u53f0\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5bf9\u7740\u4eea\u5668\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cMr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.\u201d\u800c\u6c83\u68ee\u968f\u5373\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u547c\u53eb\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5bf9\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u7684\u957f\u9014\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c8\u670810 \u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u548c\u4ed6\u572813\u516c\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u4f5c\u4e86\u901a\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u957f\u9014\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u5546\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u201c\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u6210\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1876 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c19\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u5362\u745f\u798f\u00b7\u6d77\u65af<\/span>\uff08Rutherford B. Hayes\uff0c1822\u5e74-1893\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e0e\u8d39\u57ce\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u53ea\u628a\u8be5\u88c5\u7f6e\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8c01\u4f1a\u60f3\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2 \u8d1d\u5c14\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8bdd\u673a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e3a\u7535\u8bdd\u505a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u80a9\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u798f\u7279<\/span>\uff08Henry Ford\uff0c1863\u5e74-1947\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u6c7d\u8f66\u505a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u8bbe\u7535\u8bdd\u8bbe\u5907\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u7535\u8bdd\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8d1d\u5c14\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u78b3\u7c92\u5f0f\u8bdd\u7b52\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5e76\u4e3a\u7535\u62a5\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5f00\u5173\u63d2\u677f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6c83\u68ee\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53d1\u660e\u6216\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u8bdd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8ba9\u7535\u8bdd\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u5546\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u8bdd\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u53d1\u660e\u6743\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc7\u30021878 \u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u8d1d\u5c14\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u4e13\u5229\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u628a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u96f7\u65af\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u800c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7bc71910\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u5386\u53f2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u5ba1\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u96f7\u65af\u673a\u88ab\u5e26\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u4f46\u95f9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u5431\u5431\u53eb\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u201d\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96f7\u65af\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u63d0\u4ea4\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u53d1\u660e\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u8fd8\u6709Amos Emerson Dolbear\u3001Sylvanus D. Cushman\u3001Daniel Drawbaugh\u3001Edward Farrar\u3001James W. McDonough\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u5f53\u6570\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u518d\u884c\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u548cAT&T\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u5148\u540e\u603b\u5171\u6253\u4e86587\u573a\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d5\u573a\u6253\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662<\/span>\uff08US Supreme Court\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u8d62\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f1878 \u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u78b3\u7c92\u5f0f\u8bdd\u7b52\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u7535\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u8bdd\u7b52\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u957f\u9014\u901a\u8bdd\u53d8\u5f97\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4eea\u5668\u7ecf\u8fc7Emile Berliner\u3001Francis Blake\u3001David E. Hughes\u3001Henry Hunnings\u548c Anthony White \u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u826f\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6b65\u6210\u578b\u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3  \u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\uff081808-1889\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u4e8e1808\u5e744\u670813\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428<\/span>\uff08Firenze\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2b\u56f0\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u963f\u9a6c\u8482\u65af\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947<\/span>\uff08Amatis J. Meucci\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e2a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u540d\u53eb\u591a\u6885\u5c3c\u5361\u00b7\u4f69\u76ae<\/span>\uff08Domenica S. L. Pepi\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e2d\u6392\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1821\u5e74\uff0c13\u5c81\u7684\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u8fdb\u5165\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u5c31\u8bfb\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u548c\u58f0\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1830\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5148\u540e\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u51e0\u95f4\u5267\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u821e\u53f0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u8457\u540d\u7684Pergola\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u4efb\u804c\u821e\u53f0\u6280\u5e08\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u670d\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u7231\u65af\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u6469\u5947<\/span>\uff08Maria M. Ester Mochi\uff0c1810\u5e74-1884\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\u30021834 \u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u58f0\u8bed\u97f3\u4f20\u9001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f9b\u5267\u9662\u821e\u53f0\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5ba4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1835\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u4e71\u4e2d\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u4e863\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u4e24\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u53e4\u5df4\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8615\u5e74\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u7535\u9540\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728Tacon\u5927\u5267\u9662\u4efb\u804c\u9996\u5e2d\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u98df\u6c34\u51c0\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1848 \u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u50ac\u7720\u672f\u533b\u751f\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u6885\u65af\u6885\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Franz Anton Mesmer\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u98ce\u6e7f\u5173\u8282\u708e\u7684\u7535\u7406\u7597\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7528 114 V \u7535\u538b\u5bf9\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8033\u6735\u9760\u8fd1\u88c5\u7f6e\u4fbf\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u94dc\u7ebf\u542c\u5230\u60a3\u8005\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5c16\u53eb\u58f0\u3002\u4ed6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e3atelegrafo parlante<\/span>\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1850\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u53e4\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u592b\u5987\u4fe9\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u624d\u4e24\u5c81\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u95f4\u8721\u70db\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u77f3\u8721\u8721\u70db\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1850\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\u5148\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e8630\u591a\u79cd\u58f0\u97f3\u4f20\u8f93\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d26\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1854 \u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u58f0\u97f3\u4f20\u8f93\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u539a\u5ea6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u4e14\u8fb9\u7f18\u7d27\u5939\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u80a5\u7682\u76d2\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u9694\u819c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u58f0\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1856\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u7ebf\u4f20\u9001\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u78c1\u58f0\u97f3\u4f20\u64ad\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0e\u60a3\u4e25\u91cd\u7c7b\u98ce\u6e7f\u5173\u8282\u708e\u800c\u8eba\u5728\u4e09\u697c\u623f\u95f4\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u968f\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7edc\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5199\u4e0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7b14\u8bb0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u5957\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1861\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u67b6\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u7761\u623f\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u5efa\u7684\u7b80\u964b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u623f\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1870 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u82f1\u91cc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5185\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u79f0\u4e3a Telettrofono<\/span>\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\uff09<\/span>\u30021870 \u5e74 9 \u6708 27 \u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u8be5\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5e76\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5148\u540e\u5411\u533b\u751f Seth R. Beckwith\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08 John Fleming\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458 Edward F. Bennis \u548c\u6cd5\u5b98 Jesse Hedden \u6f14\u793a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf7\u6c42\u670b\u53cbEnrico Bendelari\u5e2e\u5fd9\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5904\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u4e71\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u7533\u8bf7\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1871\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a3335\u53f7\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u58f0\u7535\u62a5\u201d<\/span>\uff08Sound Telegraph\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u4ed8250\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\u8d39\u3002\u5f8b\u5e08 Stetson\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u6539\u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4efd\u77e5\u7167<\/span>\uff08caveat\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8d39\u7528\u53ea\u970010\u7f8e\u91d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u5b8c\u5907\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7ed9\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u77e5\u7167\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7b14\u8bb0\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u897f\u8054\u516c\u53f8<\/span>\uff08Western Union\uff09<\/span>\u526f\u603b\u88c1\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u683c\u5170\u7279<\/span>\uff08Edward Grant\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u683c\u5170\u7279\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5c06\u6750\u6599\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f46\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u628a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u9057\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fde\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u4e0d\u5e78\u5728\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u5230\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\u7684\u6e21\u8f6e\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u9505\u7089\u5927\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6709125\u540d\u4e58\u5ba2\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u70e7\u4f24\u9001\u9662\u3002\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5eb7\u590d\u540e\u56de\u5bb6\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee56\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5356\u6389\u4e86\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5185\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u8bdd\u88c5\u7f6e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e70\u836f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1873\u5e74\uff0c\u5e94\u6f5c\u6c34\u5458\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5361\u7f57\u5c14<\/span>\uff08William Carroll\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba9\u6f5c\u6c34\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6c34\u4e0b\u4e0e\u8239\u4e0a\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8bdd\u30021880 \u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1874\u5e74\uff0c\u8d2b\u56f0\u6f66\u5012\u7684\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0d\u8d77\u6bcf\u5e7410\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u77e5\u7167\u7ef4\u6301\u8d39\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\u30021876\u5e74 3\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u6b63\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u6279\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3002\u540c\u5e74 6 \u6708 25 \u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u767e\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u88c5\u7f6e\u30021879 \u5e74 11 \u6708 10 \u65e5\uff0c\u897f\u8054\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u30021880\u5e74\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u6295\u8bc9\u8d1d\u5c14\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u56de\u590d\u8bf4\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u7acb\u9879\u671f\u5df2\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u7406\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728 1880 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u56e0\u65e9\u671f\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u79f0\u8d5e\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u61c2\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u90fd\u7528\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u8d1d\u5c14\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u672f\u8bed\u9519\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u8bcd\u4e0d\u8fbe\u610f\uff0c\u8f93\u5728\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u8bdd\u6837\u673a\u548c\u8d44\u6599\u88ab\u897f\u8054\u516c\u53f8\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e5f\u88ab\u592b\u4eba\u5356\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e\u8d1d\u5c14\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u5b8c\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5\u63d2\u8bdd\uff0c1886\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5728\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u8bc9\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u8d1d\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u56e0\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u5171\u8c0b\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u90a3\u573a\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u6301\u7eed\u4e8611\u5e74\uff0c\u52301897\u5e74\u56e0\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u53bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1d\u5c14\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u8fc7\u671f\u800c\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u8d62\u5bb6\u6216\u8f93\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1989\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u901d\u4e16100\u5468\u5e74<\/span>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5386\u53f2\u793e\u56e2<\/span>\uff08Italian Historical Society of America\uff09<\/span>\u5728Brooklyn\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7684\u77f3\u7891\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u523b\u7740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947<\/span><\/section>\n
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1871\u5e7412\u670828\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5 \u7f8e\u56fd\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5386\u53f2\u793e\u56e2\u5728Brooklyn\u8bbe\u7acb\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7eaa\u5ff5\u77f3\u7891<\/span><\/section>\n

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1956\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u4fe1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7535\u5de5\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7535\u8bdd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/span>\uff08Basilio Catania\uff0c1926\u5e74-2010\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u8d44\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u52a0\u91cc\u6ce2\u7b2c\u2500\u2500\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u535a\u7269\u9986\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6731\u585e\u4f69\u00b7\u52a0\u91cc\u6ce2\u7b2c<\/span>\uff08Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi\uff0c1807\u5e74-1882\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5c06\u519b\u3001\u9769\u547d\u8005\u548c\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u65af\u5766\u987f\u5c9b\u662f\u90bb\u5c45\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6Brooklyn\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5e7f\u573a\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5e7f\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u53bb\u4e16\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u57282002\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u9662<\/span>\uff08United States House of Representatives\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879269\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662 269 \u6587\u4ef6\u2500\u2500\u8868\u8fbe\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u5bf9 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u656c\u610f\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u51b3\u8bae\u660e\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u5728 1874 \u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u7533\u8bf7\u4e4b\u540e\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u4ed8 10 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u8d39\uff0c\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8d1d\u5c14\u9881\u53d1\u4e13\u5229\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u54ac\u6587\u56bc\u5b57\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u8bf4\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08in the invention of telephone\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u201d<\/span>\uff08for the invention of telephone\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\u884c\u6587\u8ba9\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5341\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662<\/span>\uff08House of Commons of Canada\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7b2c37\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8d1d\u5c14\u3002\u8be5\u5224\u51b3\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684269\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u56fd\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Congress\uff09<\/span>\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e86\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u548c\u7b14\u8bb0\u867d\u7136\u771f\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u5145\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2008 \u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u90e8<\/span>\uff08Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u201c\u7535\u8bdd\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u201d<\/span>\uff08Inventore del telefono\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u9898\u5e86\u795d\u4e86\u6885\u4e4c\u5947 200 \u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e7f\u573a\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u7eaa\u5ff5\u77f3\u724c\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u523b\u7740\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b89\u606f\u7740\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u2500\u2500\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u00b7\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6  \u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u6885\u4e4c\u5947\u7eaa\u5ff5\u77f3\u724c<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b14\u8005\u611f\u8c22\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u5927\u5b66Riccardo Meucci\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u591a\u6b21\u542c\u4ed6\u8c08\u53ca\u8fdc\u4eb2Antonio Meucci\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6781\u5927\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7d2f\u96c6\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u7f16\u5199\u6210\u6b64\u77ed\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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1. <\/strong>\u5e93\u4ed1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u7535\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u4f0f\u7279\u662f\u7535\u538b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong><\/strong> \u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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4. <\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/a>\u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed \u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u662f\u8d1d\u5c14\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u53bb\u8c08\u8bba\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u591a\u4e86\u3002 \u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005 \u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Bell Lab\uff09\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7684Murray Hill\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u897f\u8fb9\u7ea650\u516c\u91cc\u5904\u3002 \u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8d56\u4ee5\u51a0\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Alexander Gra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":49311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49319\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/49311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49319"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=49319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}