{"id":49422,"date":"2024-04-03T14:28:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T06:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=49422"},"modified":"2024-04-03T14:28:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T06:28:59","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e3%80%81%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e5%92%8c%e7%86%b5%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=49422","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u71b5\u7684\u6545\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n

\u63d2\u753b\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMoon\u7693\u73a5<\/span><\/span>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\u751f\u547d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u65b0\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u71b5<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
Kate Jefferey & Carlo Rovelli<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5c71\u9e21\uff0c\u963f\u83ab\u6771\u68ee<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5c71\u9e21\uff0c\u963f\u83ab\u6771\u68ee<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u524d\u7814<\/span> <\/span>| \u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53c8\u5c06\u8d70\u5411\u4f55\u5904\uff1f\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u71b5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u65e0\u5e8f\u6027\u53ca\u7b80\u5355\u6027*\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd1\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u71b5\u503c\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5efa\u7acb<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u71b5\u589e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8dc3\u8fc1\u70b9\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08multi-dimensional state space\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u65b0\u901a\u8def\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u8def\u6709\u65f6\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u636e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

*\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u8be5\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u8c1c<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u4f46\u770b\u4f3c\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u671d\u7740\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a\u71b5\u589e\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u671d\u7740\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0e\u65e0\u5e8f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u540c\u6837\u7531\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5b87\u5b99\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u67b6\u8bbe\u6865\u6881\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8c08\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u6d3b\u51e0\u7387\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u81f4\u4f7f\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u751f\u547d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u71b5\u503c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08multidimensional state-space\uff09<\/span>\u8ff7\u96fe\u7684\u65b0\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5728\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5916\u5ef6\u81f3\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u8111\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5927\u8111\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u8868\u5f81\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u5316\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u71b5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u71b5\u662f\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span>\uff08free energy\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u71b5\u503c\u603b\u662f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u8fde\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u603b\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u659c\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u76f4\u5f84\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u901a\u9053\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u4f1a\u4ece\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f4e\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Boltzmann\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08microscopic configurations\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fbe\u5230\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5373\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u503c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u71b5\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u53ca\u68af\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u71b5\u503c\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e24\u79cd\u8d77\u521d\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u70ed\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08temperature gradient\uff09<\/span>\u964d\u4f4e\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u71b5\u589e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u7c92\u5b50\u70ed\u80fd\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6700\u7ec8\u603b\u662f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u65e0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6392\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u71b5\u91cf\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u6570\u91cf\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6216\u5bd2\u51b7\/\u6e29\u70ed\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6392\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u71b5\u589e\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6392\u5e03\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6cb9\u5012\u8fdb\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u6cb9\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u5c42\u3002\u5206\u5c42\u540e\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6392\u5e03\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u71b5\u503c\u53d8\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u56e0\u91cd\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u603b\uff09<\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u71b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\/\u65e0\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u71b5\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4e0d\u65ad\u671d\u7740\u5145\u6ee1\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u63a8\u79fb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bf8\u5982\u884c\u661f\u3001\u661f\u7cfb\u6291\u6216\u662f\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u6bd4\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7a33\u5b9a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u71b5\u503c\u8f83\u4f4e<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6001\u8bbe\u60f3\u6210\u62bd\u8c61\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u6ce1\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u68f5\u751f\u957f\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u6811\u5728\u88ab\u96f7\u7535\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4e\u71b5\u503c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u573a\u95ea\u7535\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5927\u706b\u5c06\u5176\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u5728\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u5239\u90a3\uff0c\u5927\u6811\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u503c\u77ac\u95f4\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u96f7\u7535\u901a\u8fc7\u6bc1\u706d\u6811\u6728\u628a\u538b\u5236\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u6c14\u6ce1\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u77ac\u95f4\u5bfc\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6c14\u6ce1\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001<\/span>\uff08metastable\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u71b5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14<\/span>\uff08Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u71b5\u503c\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4f4e\u71b5\u503c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u71b5\u589e\u6539\u9020\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4f4e\u71b5\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0e\u6cb9\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3001\u805a\u53d8\u661f\u6216\u662f\u9ed1\u6d1e\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u71b5\u503c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ca\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u71b5\u589e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u6f14\u5316\u8dc3\u8fc1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u6f14\u5316\u8dc3\u8fc1<\/span>\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6027\u6539\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Szathmary\u53caMaynard Smith\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u6570\u6b21\u8f83\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fc3\u6210\u65f6\u7a7a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u968f\u7740\u80fd\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5<\/span>\uff08self-assembly\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u78b3\u57fa\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6838\u9178\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u5f80\u65e0\u524d\u7684\u8f66\u8f6e\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u6392\u5217\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4f53\u957f\u94fe\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5f97\u4ee5\u7559\u5b58\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e95\u7269\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u7d27\u5bc6\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u65b0\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u78b3\u57fa\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u9178\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u5316\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u64cd\u7eb5\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u819c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u88ab\u201c\u9694\u5ba4\u5316<\/span>\uff08compartmentalised\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u6f14\u5316\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6548\u7387\u53ca\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\uff08ATP\uff09\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u3002ATP\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u65f6\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\u6240\u9650\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5229\u7528\u50a8\u5907\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8be5\u6f14\u5316\u540c\u6837\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u6349\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u672a\u6765\u80fd\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u6240\u7528\uff0cATP\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u642c\u8fd0\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fe1\u4f7f\uff08second-messenger\uff09*\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u300235\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5f97\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u50a8\u5b58\u6765\u81ea\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

*\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fe1\u4f7f\uff1a\u80de\u5185\u4fe1\u53f7\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u4ece\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u5982\u589e\u6b96\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5316\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u5b58\u6d3b\u53ca\u7ec6\u80de\u51cb\u4ea1\u7b49\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_messenger_system]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u64cd\u7eb5\u65b9\u5f0f\u300226\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u7535\u538b<\/span>\uff08voltage\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u914d\u4f53\u95e8\u63a7<\/span>\uff08ligand-gated\uff09<\/span>\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3001\u53d7\u4f53\u6fc0\u9176-\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8def\u53ca\u8c03\u63a7\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u7ba1*\u642d\u5efa\u51fa\u4e86\u80de\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80de\u5185\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec4\u6210\u97ad\u6bdb<\/span>\uff08flagella\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u8ba9\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u4ea4\u6362\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea4\u6d41\u6216\u6709\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u71b5\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

*\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u5fae\u7ba1\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u904d\u5e03\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u80de\u5185\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microtubule]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u6f14\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d77\u7ef5\uff09<\/span>\u5f62\u6001\u5355\u4e00\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u6001\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u540c\u6e90\u5f02\u5f62\u6846\u57fa\u56e0<\/span>\uff08homeobox genes\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u7801\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8c03\u8282\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u7ea65\u4ebf\u52306\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u7535\u5174\u594b\u6027<\/span>\uff08electrically excitable\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e14\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u81f3\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u5bf9\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u63a7\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u8fd0\u52a8<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u5728\u516d\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6c34\u751f\u751f\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u51ed\u7740\u6d0b\u6d41\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9759\u6b62\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u4e94\u4ebf\u516d\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u8815\u866b\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6837\u8c8c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\u6709\u673a\u77ff\u6ce5\u4e2d\u5f84\u76f4\u7a7f\u884c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u8f6c\u5f2f\u548c\u6316\u6398\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u5e8a\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u873f\u8712\u752c\u9053\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\uff1a\u81ea\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u52a8\u7b49\u5f85\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u4e94\u4ebf\u56db\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u5230\u4e24\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u53d1<\/span>\uff08Cambrian explosion\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u95e8\u7c7b\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u968f\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e95\u55b7\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ca\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u50ac\u751f\u7684\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u52a9\u63a8\u4e86\u65b0\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u62bd\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u6ce1\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b<\/span>\uff08selection pressure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6355\u98df\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u589e\u957f\u2014\u2014\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u6b8b\u9ab8\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u8ffd\u9010\u548c\u6355\u98df\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u5916\u9aa8\u9abc\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u77f3\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u7779\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u6355\u98df\u8005\u4e0e\u730e\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u89c5\u98df\uff0c\u6355\u730e\u53ca\u9003\u8131\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u5668\u5b98\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff1a\u4ece\u8fd1\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u4e94\u4ebf\u4e24\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8282\u80a2\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08arthropod Fuxianhuia protensa\uff09<\/span>\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5927\u8111\u53ca\u89c6\u53f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u540c\u6b65\u9760\u7684\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u50a8\u5b58\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u90e8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6838\u9178\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5177\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u5730\u50a8\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u751f\u7269\u5229\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u5e76\u5229\u7528\uff09<\/span>\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u52a8\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u5c31\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f1a\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6f5c\u529b<\/span>\uff08survival potential\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u50a8\u5b58\u901a\u5f80\u9ad8\u6f5c\u529b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6765\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5f62\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8868\u5f81\u5c31\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u548c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u706f\u5854\u5bfc\u822a<\/span>\uff08beacon navigation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u7269\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u73af\u5883\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u5411\u4e4b\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6606\u866b\u671d\u7740\u5149\u4eae\u79fb\u52a8\uff1b\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e60\u5f97\u3002\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8868\u5f81\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f16\u7801<\/span>\uff08egocentric coding\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5916\u754c\u7269\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u975e\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f16\u7801<\/span>\uff08allocentric coding\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5916\u754c\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8868\u5f81\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5411<\/span>\uff08direction\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\uff08distance\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u754c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u65e9\u81f3\u6606\u866b\uff0c\u665a\u81f3\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u201c\u7f57\u76d8\u201d\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u4e0a\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u6d4b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u79fb\u52a8\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u56de\u5230\u65c5\u9014\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6606\u866b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u6574\u5408\u201d<\/span>\uff08path integration\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u53ef\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8425\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u66f4\u591a\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7684\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u6574\u5408\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u751f\u7269\u4ee5\u975e\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u5730\u56fe\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u52a8\u7269\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec6\u8282\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53<\/span>\uff08hippocampus\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u6536<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84\u6574\u5408\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u4e5f\u80fd\u8868\u5f81\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u730e\u98df\u52a8\u7269\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7247\u6d77\u6ee9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9884\u6d4b\u6d77\u6ee9\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span>\uff08episodic memory\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08planning\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u60f3\u8c61<\/span>\uff08imagination\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4eba\u7c7b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u4ebf\u4e07\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u522b\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u73b0\u5b58\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u5316\u77f3\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u80af\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5927\u7329\u7329\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u8981\u665a\u4e0a\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u65cf<\/span>\uff08hominin\uff09<\/span>\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u56db\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u98de\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e76\u80a9\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\/\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2a\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8f6c\u6298\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u63a2\u7d22\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4*\u5185\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u529e\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c47\u96c6\u4e2a\u4f53\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u6070\u597d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u751f\u547d\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u63a5\u4e4b\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

*\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5373phase space\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5904\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u591a\u4e8f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u661f\u7403\u548c\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u62bd\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\uff0c\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u5708<\/span>\uff08ecosphere\uff09<\/span>\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u642c\u8fd0\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u79cd\u706d\u7edd\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u4f20\u64ad\u2014\u2014\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5COVID-19\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a81\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u822a\u7a7a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8ba9\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f97\u4ee5\u6563\u5e03\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u73af\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u8d27\u7269\u6d41\uff0c\u5230\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5730\u4e0b\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u50a8\u84c4\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u65f6\u957f\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u7c7b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u540d\u79f0\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16<\/span>\uff08Anthropocene\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5149\u662f\u7531\u8bed\u8a00\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u6df1\u8fdc\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0e\u71b5\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u81f4\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u71b5\u6d41\u5165\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u6ce1\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u5316\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08artificial intelligence\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u5c55\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4e4b\u95f4\u642d\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce1\u6ce1\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u7ed3\u8bed\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e3a\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u5360\u636e\u7684\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u65b0\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u9053\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u8fc7\u5f80\u6570\u76ee\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u706d\u7edd\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u589e\u53ef\u51cf\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ea\u589e\u4e0d\u51cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u590d\u6742\u6027\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u51cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e0e\u71b5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316\u7edd\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u901a\u5f80\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7684\u901a\u9053\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ce1\u6ce1\u5c0f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u53e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5c0f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u6ce1\u6ce1\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672b\u65e5\u3002\u751f\u547d\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u901a\u5f80\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7684\u901a\u9053\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u7684\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u800c\u71b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002\u71b5\u5b83\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u3002\u71b5\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u5206\u4e00\u6beb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

Box 1 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u8282\u70b9 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n