{"id":50216,"date":"2024-05-09T21:24:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T13:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50216"},"modified":"2024-05-09T21:24:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T13:24:38","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b%e5%88%b0%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e3%80%81%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e3%80%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50216","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u6cb3\u6d41\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u6d41\u5411\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u6cb3\u6d41\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u6d41\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e The Royal Socienty \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5165\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08law of maximum entropy production, LMEP\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u53ca\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u5faa\u73af\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3001\u5148\u524d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u201c\u70ed\u529b\u5b662.0\uff1a\u67b6\u8d77\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6865\u6881\u201d\u4e3b\u9898\u7279\u520a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Rod Swenson<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5434\u6668\u9633<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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1. \u5f15\u8a00\u548c\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u8fd8\u539f\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u6839\u57fa
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2. \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. \u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. \u98a0\u8986\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u751f\u4ea7<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
5. \u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09\u7684\u8fdb\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
A grand unified theory for the unification of physics, life, information and cognition (mind) <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a <\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2022.0277<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5728\u57f9\u6839\uff081\uff09\u548c\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5bf9\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u51fb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8be5\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u56e0<\/span>\uff08efficient cause\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u4e0a \u30101\u3011\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u548c\u591a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0a\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff09<\/span>[2-4]\u3002\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u201c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0cres cogitans\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u7269\u8d28\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8eab\u4f53\uff0cres extensa\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u7684\u3001\u201c\u6b7b\u7684\u201d\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u60f0\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9006\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5e7f\u5ef6\u53ca\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u8be6\u5c3d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u811a\u6ce8\u30101\u3011\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u8ffd\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u57f9\u6839\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u732e\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5904\u5973\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff08Nam causarumfinalium inquisito sterilis est, et tanquam virgo Deo consecrata, nihil parit[1]\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8fd8\u539f<\/span>\uff08reduced\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5916\u5728\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08extra-physical ordering\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u5236\u9020\u8005\u201d\u6765\u6784\u9020\u5176\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033<\/span>\uff08Boyle\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u725b\u987f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u636e[1]\u3002\u5f53\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u6784\u60f3\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u53c8\u7cbe\u5de7\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u7531\u201c\u6b7b\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u9006\uff09<\/span>\u7c92\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6216\u949f\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u949f\u8868\u5320\u201d\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5176\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u4f53\u5219\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u7740\u5b9e\u73b0\u795e\u5723\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7740\u949f\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span>\uff08ontology\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d<\/span>\uff08=\u6240\u6709\u8d85\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u4e0e\u5b83\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5e7f\u5ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u65bd\u52a0\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\/\u4e3b\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5b83\u65bd\u52a0\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5f0f\u5fc3\u667a<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u53d8\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u5ef6\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e7f\u5ef6\u3001\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5f0f\u6216\u201c\u4e8c\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898 [2]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ffd\u968f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e3b\u52a8\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u52aa\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\uff08telos\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\uff09<\/span>[5]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6885\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Mayr\uff09<\/span>\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08teleonomy\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u76ee\u7684\u8bba<\/span>\uff08teleology\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d[6\uff0c\u7b2c42\u9875]\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u6027\u201d\u5047\u8bbe\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u636e\u79f0\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u7c92\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1b\u800c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7834\u574f\u73b0\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u671d\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u4e4b\u6cb3\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u6cb3\u5219\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5c31\u6b64\u7262\u7262\u5730\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e2d<\/strong>[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765[3\uff0c5]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u5f8b\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u8303\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u63a9\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c06\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08persistence  and  change\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u5b9e\u4f53\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08first principle\uff09<\/span>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027[7, 8]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u914d\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7231\u4e01\u987f[9]\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08a\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ca\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u548c\u70ed\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8bc1\u660e[4]\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u70ed\u91cf\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u70ed\u8d28\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u624d\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u3002\u6234\u7ef4<\/span>\uff08Davy\uff09<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6469\u64e6\u51b0\u5757\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u878d\u5316\u3002\u8fc8\u8033<\/span>\uff08Mayer\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6447\u6643\u76db\u6709\u6c34\u7684\u7f50\u5b50\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e29\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fc8\u8033\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u8868\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7126\u8033<\/span>\uff08Joule\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6868\u8f6e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u63a5\u53d7<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b88\u6052<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u6216\u7834\u574f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328<\/span>\uff08Leibnitz\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u79bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027 [3]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe1. \u7126\u8033\u7684\u6868\u8f6e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u60ac\u6302\u7684\u91cd\u7269\uff08\u673a\u68b0\u52bf\u80fd\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u70ed\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u70ed\u91cf\u8fdb\u51fa\uff09\u5185\u7684\u6868\u8f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u7ea6\u675f\u88c5\u7f6e\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u7ea6\u675f\u88c5\u7f6e\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u7269\u4e0b\u843d\uff0c\u5e26\u52a8\u6868\u8f6e\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u548c\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5b88\u6052 [4]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08b\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u201c\u6d41\u201d\uff09\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u8bfa<\/span>\uff08Carnot\uff09<\/span>[10]\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5361\u8bfa\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u4e0b\u964d\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u8f83\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u201d\u6216\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9a71\u52a8\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6c34\u4ece\u8f83\u9ad8\u5904\u843d\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u5904\u63a8\u52a8\u6c34\u8f6e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931<\/span>\uff08\u6c34\u8f6e\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u6c34\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u63a8\u52a8\u5b83\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af<\/span>\uff08Clausius\uff09<\/span> [11] \u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Thomson\uff09\uff08\u6307\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Kelvin\uff09\uff09<\/span> [12] \u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5361\u8bfa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b88\u6052\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u71b5\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u5361\u8bfa\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u52bf\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5012\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u5176\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u671d\u7740\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u7b49\u4ef7\u5730\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u52bf\u80fd\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u666e\u904d\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5b87\u5b99\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b\u201d\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u0394S > 0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u0394S = 0. <\/strong>(2.1)<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b8f\u89c2\u672c\u8d28\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6572\u54cd\u7684\u4e27\u949f\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af[11] \u5199\u9053<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u5f15\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u30102\u3011\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u52aa\u529b<\/span>\uff08strives (strebt)\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5219\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff08broken symmetry\uff09\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6f14\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\u811a\u6ce8\u30102\u3011\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6b63\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u90fd\u5c06\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u201c\u52aa\u529b\u201d\uff08strives\uff09\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201d\uff08tends\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08c\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u6d3b\u529b<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08i\uff09\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u53ca\u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76d2\u4e2d\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5b8f\u89c2\u672c\u8d28\u5bf9\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u7c92\u5b50\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u89c4\u5f8b\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08Maxwell\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\u4e2d\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u53f0\u7403\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u901f\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u7fa4\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5747\u5300\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u673a\u68b0\u78b0\u649e\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u6bd4\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u591a\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u5177\u6709\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u8fbe\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5411\u7740\u5b83\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u201d [13]\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

  \u201c\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5…… \u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6784\u578b……\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u968f\u7740\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u52a8\u529b\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6682\u65f6\u7f13\u548c\u4e86\u5361\u8bfa\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u59c6\u68ee\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u613f\u666f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Neo-Darwinism\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u8d39\u820d\u5c14<\/span> \uff08Fisher\uff09<\/span>[14] \u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u71b5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u5411\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u74e6\u89e3…… \u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u5411\u9010\u6b65\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u201d\u3002\u5217\u6587\u65af<\/span>\uff08Levins\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5217\u6587\u5ef7<\/span>\uff08Lewontin\uff09<\/span> [15] \u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u6709\u673a\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279 <\/strong><\/span>\uff08Dennett\uff09<\/span>[16] \u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216<\/span>\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7b97\u6cd5\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdd\u80cc\u201d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u987f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Friston\uff09<\/span> [17] \u5c06\u751f\u547d\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8fdd\u53cd\u201d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span> (\u6216\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49) <\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4ecd\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u65b0\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5219\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u89e3\u91ca [18]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a(i) \u201c\u7e41\u6b96\u529b<\/span>\uff08fecundity\uff09<\/span>\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6781\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u586b\u5145\u6216\u201c\u6293\u4f4f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u672a\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u6216\u672a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u201c\u52aa\u529b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6323\u624e\u201d [19]\uff1b(ii) \u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u9a6c\u5c14\u8428\u65af\u9677\u9631\uff08Malthusian closure\uff09\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca (iii) \u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u201c\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u586b\u6ee1\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u52aa\u529b\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5916 [20]\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u624d\u80fd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u5916\u7279\u522b\u5730\u5047\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u662f\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u4e3a\u65e2\u5b9a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7531\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u201c\u8d4b\u4e88\u201d\u6b7b\u7269\u7684 [19]\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u598210-20\u4ebf\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u7684\u6781\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u751f\u547d [5]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u975e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u51b7\u5374\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6d77\u6d0b\u84b8\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u7acb\u523b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6c14<\/span> (O\u2082) <\/span>\u6c34\u5e73\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u6c34\u5e73\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>[21]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u968f\u7740\u5927\u6c14\u6c27\u6c14\uff08O\u2082\uff09\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\uff08PAL = \u5f53\u524d\u5927\u6c14\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\uff0c\u673a\u4f1a\u6027\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001 [21]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u586b\u5145\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a7a\u7f3a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e8e\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5173\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [3-5, 8, 20]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u4f53\u79cd\u7fa4\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/span>\uff08problem of the population of one\uff09<\/span> [5, 21]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u884c\u661f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5b9e\u4f53 [3, 5, 21]\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u6c27\u6c14<\/span> (O\u2082) <\/span>\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u53c8\u662f\u7531\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u884c\u661f\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u884c\u661f\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9646\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5b83\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u8fdb\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u590d\u5236\u6216\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u884c\u661f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9b\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6216\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u7fa4\u4f53<\/strong> [22,23]\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e2a\u4f53\u7fa4\u4f53\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u884c\u661f\u6f14\u5316\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u4f53\u79cd\u7fa4\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff1b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5373\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\uff08spontaneous ordering\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u7684\u6837\u4f8b<\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u4f53\u79cd\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a81\u663e\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5982 [3, 4, 20]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5e8f\u6570\u6027<\/span>\uff08ordinality\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8fdb\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>[24]\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u751a\u81f3\u8bc6\u522b\u8fdb\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08observables\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7e41\u6b96\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6591\u9a6c\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u8001\u9f20\u6216\u53d8\u5f62\u866b\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83 [25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u72e9\u730e\u91c7\u96c6\u90e8\u843d\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5f53\u4eca\u52a0\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f[3,5]\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16<\/span>\uff08Anthropocene\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u884c\u661f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u901f\u7387\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u518d\u6b21\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316 <\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ee5\u6bd4\u90a3\u8fdc\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u98a0\u8986\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u751f\u4ea7<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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(a) \u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u76d2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u53d6\u8bc1<\/span>\uff08forensics\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u89e3\u6784\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5904\u5904\u90fd\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u6487\u5f00\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6548\u7528\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u78b0\u649e\u7c92\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 3. \u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08Benard\uff09\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5207\u7247\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c98\u6027\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5e95\u90e8\u5747\u5300\u70ed\u6e90\uff08source\uff09\u548c\u9876\u90e8\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14\uff08\u70ed\u6c47\uff08sink\uff09\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6e29\u5dee\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529bF<\/strong>\u7684\u52bf\u3002\u5f53F<\/strong>\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf (a) \u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u6216 ‘\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u72b6\u6001’\uff0c\u70ed\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u78b0\u649e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684\uff08homogeneous\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c(b) \u4e00\u65e6F<\/strong>\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u88ab\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff08\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u6d41\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8ba1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8 [5]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe 3 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08Benard cell experiment\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5207\u7247[1, 5, 8, 19]\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c98\u7a20\u6db2\u4f53\u88ab\u5939\u5728\u4e00\u5c42\u5e95\u90e8\u5747\u5300\u70ed\u6e90 <\/span>(\u6e90) <\/span>\u548c\u9876\u90e8\u8f83\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14<\/span> (\u6c47) <\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u6e29\u5dee\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529bF<\/strong>\u7684\u52bf\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u95f4\u6e29\u5dee\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u9661\u5ced\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53F<\/strong>\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span> (\u56fe 3a) <\/span>\u5904\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u70ed\u91cf\u4ece\u70ed\u6e90\u5230\u70ed\u6c47\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6e90\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f<\/span> (\u56fe 3b) <\/span>\u5f53F<\/strong>\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6570\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u5171\u540c\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6839\u636e\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684<\/span> (\u00a72c(i))<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65ad\u8a00\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee51\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u6bcf\u6b21F<\/strong>\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4e86\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u975e\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u6c14\u4f53 [1, 3, 5, 20, 26]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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(<\/strong>b<\/strong>) <\/strong>\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\uff08i\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u52a8\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u6052\u7b49\u6027\uff1a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u201d<\/span> (autocatakinetic\uff0cACK) <\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6bd4\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/span>\uff08self-organizing system\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u201c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u201d<\/span>\uff08dissipative structure\uff09<\/span>\u672f\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f97\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u3002\u540e\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u5206\u3002\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08flow structure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u52a8\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u975e\u7ebf\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4f5c\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\uff08constitutive relations\uff09\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u8fd9\u7ec4\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u534f\u540c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u8017\u6563\u6216\u5206\u89e3\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u52bf\u80fd<\/span> (\u8d44\u6e90)<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e4b\u7ef4\u6301\u201c\u81ea\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728[4,5,7,8]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u5230\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u8bba\u89c4\u6a21\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u5c18\u66b4\u3001\u9f99\u5377\u98ce\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5668\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u6216\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u89c4\u5219\u8fd0\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6700\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7b26\u53f7\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u800c\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b88\u6052\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0cE<\/strong><\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u504f\u5dee\u653e\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/span>\uff08deviation-amplifying systems\uff09<\/span>[27]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u653e\u5927\u6c47\u201d<\/span>\uff08self-amplifying sinks\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c47\u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u529b\uff08F<\/strong><\/em>\u2082<\/strong>\uff09\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u653e\u5927\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8f93\u5165<\/span>\uff08\u52bf\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u5411\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u53d1\u5c55 [20]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 4. \u5178\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002E<\/strong><\/em>\uff08\u5de6\u4fa7\uff09\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u91cf\uff08\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e4b\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u3002E<\/strong><\/em>I<\/strong><\/sup> <\/strong>\u548c E<\/strong><\/em>\u2161<\/strong><\/sup> <\/strong>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6e90\uff08\u80fd\u91cf E<\/strong><\/em> \u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u533a\u57df\uff09\u548c\u6c47\uff08\u80fd\u91cf E<\/strong><\/em> \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u529b F<\/strong><\/em>\u2081<\/strong>\uff0cF<\/strong><\/em>\u2081<\/strong> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u68af\u5ea6\u9661\u5ced\u7a0b\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u0394<\/strong>E<\/strong><\/em>I<\/strong><\/sup> <\/strong>\u662f\u6d41\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u4ece\u8be5\u52bf\u4e2d\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u71b5 \u0394<\/strong>S<\/strong><\/em>\u3002E<\/strong><\/em>\u2162<\/strong><\/sup> \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u52bf\uff0c\u8be5\u52bf\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u643a\u5e26\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\u65bd\u52a0\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b F<\/strong><\/em>\u2082<\/strong> <\/strong>\u6765\u653e\u5927\u6216\u7ef4\u6301\u8f93\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u53d6\u81ea auto-\u2018\u81ea\u6211\u2019+cata \u2018\u5411\u4e0b\u2019+kinetic \u2018\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u529b\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u2019\uff09 [4,7]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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(ii) \u51af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u3001\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u548c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Von Bertalanffy\uff09<\/span>[28] <\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09<\/span>[29]<\/span>\uff08\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u6bd4\u4f5c\u706b\u7130\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f13\u548c\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u53ea\u8981\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u71b5\u6765\u8865\u507f\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u71b5\u7684\u51cf\u5c11<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u5b83\u4eec\u5438\u7eb3\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6ee1\u8db3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b (2.1)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdd\u80cc\u7ecf\u5178\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Prigogine\uff09<\/span> [30] \u7528\u201c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u9879\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u5bf9\u7531\u4e8e\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u71b5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u6444\u53d6\u201d\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u52bf\u80fd<\/span> (\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6)<\/span> \u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u71b5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u6784\u5efa\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u80cc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u5411\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8017\u6563\u7684\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u0394Se<\/sub> + \u0394Si <\/sub>> 0.<\/strong> (4.1)<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u975e\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u507f\u8fd8\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u71b5\u503a\u201d [4,5]\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u90a3\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u6c42\uff1f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u539f\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7?<\/span><\/section>\n

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(iii) \u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6216\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u7684\u9700\u8981<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa<\/span>\uff08spontaneous ordering\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u5e8f\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5e8f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b [20,21]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u96c6\u5408 M\u2081<\/strong> \u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u91cf\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u8fbe\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 M\u2082<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u540c\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5bf9\u5148\u524d\u65e0\u5e8f\u6216\u8f83\u5c11\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u65bd\u52a0\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6709\u5e8f\u6d41\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u663e\u8457\u9650\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\uff09<\/span>\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9 [20]\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\/\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\/\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u590d\u5236\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6216\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u9009\u62e9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08iv\uff09\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u95ed\u5408\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u6269\u5f20<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u89e3\u51b3\u666e\u904d\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u5b9e\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u81ea\u653e\u5927\u73af\u72b6\u95ed\u5408\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bde\u751f\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u56fe5\u548c\u56fe4\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6d41\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff09<\/span>[3, 5]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8ba1\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u5148\u524d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u534f\u540c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002T\u2081\u2192T\u2082<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u70ed\u6e90\u548c\u70ed\u6c47\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68af\u5ea6\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e95\u90e8\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u968f\u673a\u78b0\u649e\u800c\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u56e2<\/span>\uff08\u5c0f\u56e2\u6db2\u4f53\uff08parcels\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6d6e\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u68af\u5ea6\u8db3\u591f\u9661\u5ced\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u5c0f\u56e2\u6db2\u4f53\u5411\u70ed\u6c47\u8fd0\u9001\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u8017\u6563\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5728\u5c0f\u56e2\u6db2\u4f53\u628a\u70ed\u91cf\u9001\u5230\u8868\u9762\u70ed\u6c47\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8f\u89c2\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5c0f\u56e2\u6db2\u4f53\u4e0a\u5347\u65f6\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5176\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8868\u9762\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6T\u2083\u2192T\u2084<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5c06\u70ed\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u62c9\u5411\u5468\u56f4\u8f83\u51c9\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5927\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u70ed\u6d41\u3002\u88ab\u8868\u9762\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u62c9\u8d70\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u4f1a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u964d\u843d\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u73af\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9020\u5c31\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u73af [20]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6216\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08mean free path distance\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08relaxation time\uff09\uff08\u78b0\u649e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u662f10-10<\/sup> cm\u548c10-15<\/sup> s\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6216\u7ec4\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u5398\u7c73\u548c\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u7f29\u653e\u5230\u4eba\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c06\u6bd4\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5468\u957f\u5927\u5f88\u591a\u500d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8d85\u8fc745\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u884c\u661f\u6f14\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 5. \u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002T\u2081\u2192T\u2082<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0b\u65b9\u70ed\u6e90\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u70ed\u6c47\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u9661\u5ced\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u529bF\u2081<\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u529b\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u6d41\u3002T\u2083\u2192T\u2084<\/strong>\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u6709\u529bF\u2082<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u53cd\u5411\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u653e\u5927\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7 [20]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08v\uff09\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7ebf\u7d22<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b (4.1) \u4ee5\u53ca\u51af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u3001\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u548c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7acb\u523b\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7ebf\u7d22 [31]\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u5e8f\u6d41\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u71b5\u6765\u8865\u507f\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u71b5\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u5c31\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4ece\u70ed\u6e90\u5230\u70ed\u6c47\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u8f93\uff09<\/span>\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fe4\u7684\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u518d\u6b21\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u5728\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u901f\u7387\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u751f\u4ea7\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u4e86[4]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 6. \u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fe4\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6d41\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u70ed\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u70ed\u901a\u91cf\u4e0e\u6e90\/\u6c47\u68af\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff09[4]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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(vi) \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08LMEP\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u4ece\u4e8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u751f\u4ea7<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5854\u6717\u83f2\u3001\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u548c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u4ece\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u901f\u7387\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u5e73\u8861<\/span>\uff08\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6216\u52bf\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4ece\u4f17\u591a\u53ef\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff1f\u201d\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u662f\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u8bf4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u5728\u666e\u904d\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong><\/span>\uff08law of maximum entropy production\uff0cLMEP\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b [1,4,5,26,31\u201333]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u5c06\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u9009\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4f7f\u52bf\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6216\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u8def\u5f84\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8c08\u5230\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u5408\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u666e\u904d\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u5982\u679c<\/strong> \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216LMEP\u6210\u7acb\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9……\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c<\/strong> \u6709\u5e8f\u6d41\u80fd\u6bd4\u65e0\u5e8f\u6d41\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u71b5\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n
    \u90a3\u4e48<\/strong> \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u5c06\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u5e8f<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u50cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u6837\uff0cLMEP \u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002LMEP \u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5176\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u548c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u573a\u666f [26,31]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55B\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    5. \u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09\u7684\u8fdb\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u628a\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08LMEP\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b<\/span>\uff08ACK\uff09<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6307<\/span>\uff08self-referencing\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5185\u5728\u81ea\u653e\u5927\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span>\uff08ACK+LMEP=ACKLMEP\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u5316\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8d28\u586b\u5145\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6781\u503c\u6216\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u539f\u5219\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840[5, 20, 34]\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u65b0\u76844E\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u6839\u6e90\u4f9d\u7136\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0cACKLMEP \u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6240\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u6216\u52a8\u673a\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8[27, 35]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f ACKLMEP\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u611f\u3001\u5bf9\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u586b\u5145\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    (<\/strong>a<\/strong>) <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u7279\u522b\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\/\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u751f\u547d\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53 (i) \u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u548c (ii) \u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\uff1f\u5bf9 (i) \u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08intentionality\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u201c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u665a\u624d\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u5e03\u4f26\u5854\u8bfa<\/span>\uff08Brentano\uff09<\/span>[36] \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u610f\u5411\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7531\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u884c\u4e3a [37, 38]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u610f\u5411\u6027\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6cb3\u6d41\u6cbf\u5761\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u70ed\u91cf\u6cbf\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u91ca\u975e\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u5c40\u90e8\u529b\u573a\u548c\u52bf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec6\u83cc\u9006\u5411\u68af\u5ea6\u6e38\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u52bf\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4e0e\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6216\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7b49\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u68af\u5ea6\u6216\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u7684\u70ed\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u52bf\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u968f\u610f\u6027 [5]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u88ab\u5207\u65ad\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\u6765\u6444\u98df\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u6784\u6210\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u52bf\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u968f\u610f\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u201c\u5185\u7f6e\u201d\u7684\u52bf\u80fd<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684EIII<\/sup><\/strong>\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u30103\u3011\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u52bf\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5230\u8fbe\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6e10\u6b21\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5267\u70c8\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684 \u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u610f\u5411\u6027\u548c\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u50cf\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0 [27,39]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \u811a\u6ce8\u30103\u3011\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48 (aboutness)\u201d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e0e\u9999\u519c\u6216\u5176\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u9999\u519c\u81ea\u5df1\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u8bed\u4e49\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    (b) \u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u7531\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5c3d\u7ba1 ACKLMEP \u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u660e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7c92\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\u4e2d\u88ab\u521b\u9020\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\u6216\u5927\u8111\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u667a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8bba<\/span> (computational theory of mind\uff0cCTM) <\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u9886\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u5373\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u8111\u5185\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b [17]\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u201d [40]\u3002\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u52a8\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec4E\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u9760\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u521b\u9020\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u610f\u4e49\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e3b\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u30104\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \u811a\u6ce8\u30104\u3011\uff1a\u5728\u66f4\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7eaf\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u8111\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u77e5\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u66f4\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5409\u5e03\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Gibson\uff09<\/span>[41]\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6001\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5409\u5e03\u68ee\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6d1e\u5bdf\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u88ab\u73af\u5883\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41<\/span> (\u5982\u5149\u3001\u529b\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u80fd) <\/span>\u6240\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u81ea\u8eab\u610f\u5411\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684 \u201c\u5185\u7f6e\u201d\u52bf\u80fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u80fd\u91cf\u542b\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e [5]\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u8fdc\u7aef\u6e90\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u76ee\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u8d8b\u5316\u6027\u548c\u8d8b\u5149\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u63a8\u7406\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5409\u5e03\u68ee\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u3001\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u5409\u5e03\u68ee\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\uff09<\/span>\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u73b0 [4, 27]\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5353\u8d8a\u89c2\u70b9\u5f53\u4e0e\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    (c) \u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6709\u590d\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c 5a \u8282\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u65f6\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6709\u590d\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u6bd4\u590d\u5236\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u590d\u5236\u6027\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf [4, 5]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7531\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6d41\u6240\u6784\u6210\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u53ef\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u52bf\u968f\u610f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7ec4\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08rate-independent constraints, RIC\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u5185\u90e8\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u672c\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1b\u6216\u8005 DNA \u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u201c\u4e66\u5199\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u201d\u7684\u901f\u7387\u662f\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f8\u540c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 DNA \u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684 ATP \u91cf\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5217\u65e0\u5173\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5e26\u6709\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\/\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7ea6\u675f\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\u8005\u201d\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u8005\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5b50\u201d [22] \u6216\u7b97\u6cd5 [16, 20, 34]\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u6216\u201c\u5fc3\u667a\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u610f\u5411\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5077\u5077\u5730\u585e\u8fdb\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7ea6\u675f<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec DNA \u548c\u672c\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u5176\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u67d0\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6027\u6216\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u7acb\u523b\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    6. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u7269\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u6d41\u5411\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u5219\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u6d41\u5165\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4ecd\u662f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5165\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08LMEP\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u53ca\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u5faa\u73af\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u667a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5176\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9644\u5f55A. \u5173\u4e8e \u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u672f\u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u98a0\u8986\uff0c\u732a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u98de\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d<\/span>\uff08self-organization\uff09<\/span> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u30105\u3011\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee3\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5178\u578b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \u811a\u6ce8\u30105\u3011\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u89c1[35]\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5df4\u6ed5<\/span>\uff08Batten\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba[42] \u5c06 \u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a \u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5168\u5c40\u5c42\u7ea7 … \u4ec5\u4ec5 … \u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0 … \u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u6267\u884c\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u5148\u662f\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5207\u6885\u7f57<\/span>\uff08Chemero\uff09<\/span>[43] \u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u62df\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d \u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9e1f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u9e1f\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5957 \u201c\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d \u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u672c\u6587\u8bba\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u901f\u7387\u65e0\u5173\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd8\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8ba9\u89c4\u5219\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6216\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 [20] \u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u201cACK\u201d\u6216\u201c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u201d \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u672c\u9644\u5f55\uff1a\u5f53\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u6df7\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u533a\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8d85\u7269\u7406\u7684<\/span>\uff08=\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u201c\u8d70\u79c1\u201d\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u673a\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9644\u5f55 B: \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08LMEP\uff09\u3001MEP\u3001MEPP\u3001MaxEP\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u6df7\u6dc6<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u81ea\u6211\u4eec\u8fd1 35 \u5e74\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span> (LMEP) <\/span>\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9 LMEP \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u9648\u8ff0\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6e90\u3002\u8981\u6279\u8bc4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u9648\u8ff0\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1 [19, 31]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u66f4\u591a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u6df7\u6dc6\u53ca\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u547d\u540d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u4e3aLMEP\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u201cMEP\u201d\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u5728\u7ea6\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u201cMEP\u201d\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cMEPw<\/sub>\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u4e86 LMEP\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e MEPw<\/sub> \u7684\u7f29\u7565\u8bcd\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u201cL\u201d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7f29\u7565\u8bcd\u4e2d<\/span> (LMEP) <\/span>\u4ee5\u793a\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cMartinez-Castilla  &  Martinez-Khan  [44] \u5c06 LMEP \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06 LMEP \u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002LMEP\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8d34\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982MaxEP\u3001MEPP\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u79f0\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee3 MEPw<\/sub>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u719f\u6089\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0cMEPw<\/sub> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 30 \u81f3 40 \u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6f14\u5316\u79e9\u5e8f\u6784\u5efa\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c MEPw<\/sub>\u5e0c\u671b\u58f0\u79f0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u8db3\u591f\u8fdc\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u8c03\u4e0a\u5347\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e2a\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u6216\u9759\u6b62\u6001\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u6839\u672c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4 [5,8,20]\uff0c\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u53d1\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u4e49\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f<\/span>\uff08generalized  allometry\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u8868\u9762\u79ef\/\u4f53\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u51bb\u7ed3\u3001\u6216\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u8870\u8001\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ec6\u80de\u603b\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u53d8\u5927<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u89c1[8, 20]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728 <\/span>(\u00a75a)\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u52bf\u80fd\u7684\u968f\u610f\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201c\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u5c06\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7387\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u521d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765[4]\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u90fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u548c\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u7684 MEPw<\/sub> \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u6df7\u6dc6\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u6709\u5173\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406<\/span> (\u5176\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e0e LMEP \u51b2\u7a81) <\/span>\u548c\u6770\u6069<\/span>\uff08Jayne\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u5c06\u5728\u522b\u5904\u8ba8\u8bba [20,31]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
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    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n
      \n
    1. \n
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    2. \n
      Swenson R. 1998 Thermodynamics, evolution, and behavior. InThe handbook of comparativepsychology(eds G Greenberg, M Harway), pp. 207\u2013218. New York, NY: Garland Publishing.<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Swenson R. Lecture. Swiss Institute, June 29, 2016, \u2018The law of maximum entropy production,autocatakinetics,  and  the  evolutionary  epistemology  of  planetary  evolution  from  cells  toglobal economies\u2019. Seehttp:\/\/uconn.academia.edu\/RodSwenson.<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
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    5. \n
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      Clark  A.  2015  Perceiving  as  predicting.  InPerception  and  Its  modalities(eds  D  Stokes,M Matthen, S Biggs), pp. 23\u201343. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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      Chemero   T.   2017   \u2018The   World   Around   Us\u2019   at   The   World   In   Us;   Gestalt   Structure,Phenomenology  and  Embodied  Cognition  July  7th  2017.  Seehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dZn9Y1jqGls.<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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      Martinez-Castilla L, Martinez-Kuhn M. 2010 Darwin elesarolloo de otra ley termodinamica(Darwin and the development of another law of thermodynamics).Educ. Quim.21, 230\u2013237.(doi:10.1016\/s0187-893x(18)30088-0)<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


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      <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/section>\n

      \u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f25\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ece2021\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u9646\u7eed\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u56db\u5b63\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63<\/a>\u5c06\u8ffd\u8e2a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u96c6\u667a\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u539f\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f4e\u79e9\u8868\u793a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u672c\u5f81\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece2024\u5e744\u670819\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94\u665a20:00-22:00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba18-10\u5468\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/section>\n
      <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u835f\u8403\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u96c6\u7ed3\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b66\u672f\u793e\u533a\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/span><\/a>
      <\/section>\n


      <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u62db\u52df\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u725f\u7267\u4e91\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388\u4f55\u771f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9aa5\u667a\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 CreateAMind \u4e3b\u7f16\u5f20\u5fb7\u7965\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u300d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u63a2\u8ba8\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8111\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u4ea4\u53c9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u80cc\u540e\u8574\u542b\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece3\u670810\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u4e0a\u534810:00-12:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba18-10\u5468\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n

      \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
      \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

      1. <\/strong>\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u548c\u667a\u80fd\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
      2. <\/strong>\u56fe\u7075\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
      3. <\/strong>\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9<\/a> <\/strong><\/span>
      <\/section>\n
      4. <\/strong>Nature \u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
      5. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
      6.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
      7. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


      <\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

      <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u5bfc\u8bed \u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u201c\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cb3\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u6cb3\u6d41\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u6d41\u5411\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u6cb3\u6d41\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u6d41\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e The…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":50208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50216\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/50208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50216"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=50216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}