{"id":50273,"date":"2024-05-11T19:03:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-11T11:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50273"},"modified":"2024-05-11T19:03:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T11:03:19","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e5%92%8c%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e7%9a%84%e8%be%b9%e7%95%8c%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%88%e6%88%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50273","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Francesco Bianchini<\/span><\/span><\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u3001\u6881\u91d1<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u4eba\u5de5\u662f\u5426\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u7136<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. \u4eba\u5de5\uff08\u667a\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. \u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff08An Artificial Biology\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
A New Definition of \u201cArtificial\u201d for Two Artificial Sciences<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10699-021-09799-w<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08artifcial intelligence\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span>\uff08synthetic biology\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d<\/span>\uff08artificial\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u771f\u5b9e\u6216\u865a\u62df\uff09<\/span>\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Special sciences\uff09<\/span>\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6574\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u603b\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u533b\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8865\u5145\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfLeibniz\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6839\u636eLeibniz\u672c\u4eba\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08Nachtomy\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u65f6\uff0cLeibniz\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u533a\u522b\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u805a\u5408\u4f53\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002\u5173\u4e8eLeibniz\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u673a\u5668\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46Leibniz\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u673a\u5668\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u30101\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u827a\u672f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/span>\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1b\u548c\uff082\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u81ea\u7136\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u30102\u3011\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5206\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u67d0\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u30103\u3011\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8c08\u8bba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u56fe\u7075\u6700\u521d\u8c08\u8bba\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u80fd\u591f\u4e0b\u68cb\u7684\u7eb8\u5e26\u673a<\/span>\uff08Turing, 1948\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e92\u52a8\u6765\u8c08\u8bba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u4eff<\/span>\uff08Turing, 1950\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u5f03\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u8eab\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7c7b\u4eba\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u548c\u865a\u62df\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u8c37\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08valley hypothesis\uff0cMori\uff0c1970\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u8fd1\u611f\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u5de5\u4eba\u5f62\u5236\u54c1\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u8c37\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5f62\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u4eba\u5f62\u5236\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8054\u7cfb\u88ab\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4eba\u5f62\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8212\u9002\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u30104\u3011\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6a21\u4eff\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u8c37\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9664\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4eba<\/span>\uff08Dumouchel\uff06Damiano\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5171\u540c\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6a21\u4eff<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6a21\u4eff\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\uff1f\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6216\u590d\u5236\u7684\u754c\u9650\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9650\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u591a\u53ef\u6015\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff1f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5bf9\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4e0e\u5904\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u5fc3\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u4eba\u5de5\u51fa\u53d1\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6a21\u4eff\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u751f\u4ea7\u4ec5\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7269\u8d28<\/span>\uff08Brooke, 2007\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u5408\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5851\u6599\u7b49\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6539\u8fdb\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u5408\u6210\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/span>\uff08Bensaude-Vincent, 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7531\u751f\u7269\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u5f80\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4eca\u89c2\u5ff5\u66f4\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5e26\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u7279\u6027\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5bf9\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff1b\u548c\uff082\uff09\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u8f6c\u5316\u6216\u518d\u521b\u9020\u81ea\u7136\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eff\u751f\u5b66\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eff\u751f\u5b66\u6216\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u4eff\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08Church\uff06Regis\uff0c2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ece\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5230\u751f\u547d\u5408\u6210\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u65b0\u751f\u7269\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u90e8\u4ef6\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u9020\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5212\u5b9a\u754c\u9650\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4eba\u9020\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>\u4e13\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u754c\u9650<\/span>\uff08Bensaude-Vincent\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u72ed\u9698\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08AI\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u4e00\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u201d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08AI\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f88\u96be\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eAI\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08Russell & Norvig, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u30105\u3011\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u516b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff082\uff09\u4eba\u7c7b\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u7406\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u201c\u601d\u7ef4\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u533a\u522b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u667a\u80fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u4eff<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u6216\u666e\u904d\uff09\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u201d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5<\/strong>\u30106\u3011\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6a21\u4eff\u548c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u7269\u6539\u8fdb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7279\u522b\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a1\uff09\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1b2\uff09\u7406\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201cAI\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u667a\u80fd\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\/\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u30107\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Discovery of the Artifcial<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u8fea\u4ec0<\/span>\uff08Cordeschi\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u503e\u5411\u4ece\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u201c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u201d<\/span>\uff08heuristics\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/span>\uff08Cordeschi\uff0c2002: 190\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u5c06\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u503e\u5411\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6587\u732e\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed5\u8fc7\u86ee\u529b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9650\u5236\u800c\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u65e9\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b63\u5982\u79d1\u8fea\u4ec0\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u548c\u5bf9\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8f6c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u201c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d<\/span>\uff08Cordeschi\uff0c2002: 191\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5171\u4eab\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u201c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u751f\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u201d<\/span>\uff08Cordeschi\uff0c2002: 248\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u63a7\u5236\u8be5\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u6240\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001AI\u7ecf\u5178\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u751a\u81f3\u786c\u4ef6\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5982\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684<\/span>\uff08Datteri & Tamburrini\uff0c2007\uff1bCordeschi\uff0c2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u6709\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u6784\u5efa\u8be5\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u30108\u3011\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u662fAI\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u611f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728AI\u591a\u6837\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u667a\u80fd\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728AI\u54f2\u5b66\u548cAI\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u8fa9\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662fAI\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u6216\u4ec5\u6a21\u62df\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5982<\/span>\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u6216\u8bb0\u5fc6\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768440\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u5f62\u548c\u4eba\u5f62\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Weisberg\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u518d\u6b21\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u65f6\u671f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6a21\u62df\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u591a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\u4e86<\/span>\uff08Shoham\uff06Leyton-Brown\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5316\u7684\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8d8b\u52bf\u8868\u660e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u548c\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8c08\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66AI<\/span>\uff08biological AI\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d<\/strong>\u6216ALife<\/span>\uff08Artifcial Life\uff0cAguilar\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2014\uff09<\/span>\u7684AI\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4e13\u95e8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u547d\u3002\u30109\u3011\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bf9AI\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001<\/strong>\u6f14\u5316<\/strong>\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\u5143<\/strong>\u80de<\/strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1AI\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Floreano & Mattiussi\uff0c2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7845\u7535\u8def\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u6210\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/span>\uff08neuromorphic computing\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4eceCarver Mead<\/span>\uff081990\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u7535\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684AI\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u91cd\u5efa\u4eba\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u8109\u51b2<\/strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Spiking Neural Networks\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Wulfram & Werner\uff0c2002\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u590d\u5236\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u62df\u5927\u8111\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u7535\u8def\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u8f6f\u4ef6\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08Poon & Zhou\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u7845\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u201c\u8d8a\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u301010\u3011\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cAI\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7075\u611f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1AI<\/span>\uff08bio-inspired AI\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5177\u8eab<\/strong><\/span>\uff08embodiment\uff09<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5177\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5177\u8eab\u201d\u4ec5\u6307\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c06\u8ba4\u77e5\u6839\u57fa\u4e8e\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08Chemero\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Ziemke\uff0c2016\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u7a33\u6001\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u8eab\u4f53\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6027\u8d28\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u301011\u3011\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u6d89\u53caAI\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7075\u611f\u7684\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002Damiano\u548cStano<\/span>\uff082018\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u5177\u8eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5408\u6210\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ddd\u79bb\u7a81\u663e\u4e86AI\u5411\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u63a8\u8fdb\u66f4\u5177\u95ee\u9898\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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AI\u751f\u7269\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53caAI\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5b9e\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u65f6\u624d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\uff1f\u5927\u6982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7684AI\u4eba\u9020\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u91cd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u751f\u7269\u6216\u975e\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u8d28\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u76ee\u524d\u592a\u72ed\u7a84\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5728AI\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548cAI\u66f4\u52a0\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fdc\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff08An Artificial Biology\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u975e\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb30\u5e74\u91cc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u56fe\u8c31\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7ed8\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3002\u521b\u9020\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4ece\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8f6c\u5411\u7ec6\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6750\u6599<\/span>\uff08DNA\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7279\u6027\u548c\u65b0\u578b\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u201d<\/span>\uff08biotic artifacts\uff0cPreston, 2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u751f\u547d\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5728\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u673a\u5668<\/strong><\/span>\uff08living machines\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5efa\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u626e\u6f14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u63a7\u5236\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5f88\u96be\u65ad\u5b9a\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u8005\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u4eba\u9020\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\/\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8054\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7BioBricks\u6784\u5efa\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u660e\u786e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u4e8e CRISPR\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u62b5\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6784\u6210\u7ec6\u83cc\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fCas9 \u6838\u9178\u5185\u5207\u9176\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u57fa\u56e0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5207\u5272\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u66ff\u4ee3DNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u548c\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u6807\u7684DNA\u65ad\u88c2<\/span>\uff08Zhang\u7b49\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002Cas9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9176\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8ecas\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5bfc\u76ee\u6807DNA\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5bf9DNA\u6216RNA\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efaDNA\u5e76\u690d\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684Synthia\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u6d3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u672a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u79bb\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d3b\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301<\/span>\uff08Stano\uff0c2019\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u6784\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u819c\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u6d3b\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5178\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684<\/span>\uff08Deplazes\uff06Huppenbauer\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u301014\u3011\u8fd9\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u547d\u548c\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u521b\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efaDNA\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201dDNA\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Deplazes\uff06Huppenbauer\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u301015\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5019\u9009\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Koskinen\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u66f4\u5c11\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u7684\u3002\u301016\u3011\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ece\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u51fa\u53d1\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4f46\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u201d<\/span>\uff08Knuuttila\uff06Loettgers\uff0c2013\uff1a877\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5408\u6210\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Sprinzak\uff06Elowitz\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027<\/span>\uff08Knuuttila\uff06Loettgers\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5373\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u6784\u601d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5408\u6210\u5b9e\u4f53\u5c06\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u751f\u7269\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a(a) \u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca (b) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u867d\u7136\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDNA\u6216RNA\u7247\u6bb5\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e3aBioBricks\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08Benner\u7b49\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff1a372\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u6027\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c(a) \u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c(b)\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/span>\uff08Koskinen\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff1a499\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u793a\u591a\u91cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u4eb2\u5206\u4eab\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d7\u9650\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u5176\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u4e25\u9177\u8981\u6c42\u201d<\/span>\uff08Koskinen\uff0c2019\u5e74\uff1a4-7\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u301017\u3011\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u7136DNA\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cArtifcial\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u6452\u5f03\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b9e\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u5404\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u8425\u673a\u6784\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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A1\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51faA1\u592a\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6563\u6b65\u3001\u4ea4\u8c08\u6216\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06A1\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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A2\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u9274\u81ea\u7136\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u827a\u672f\u6216\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u6216\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u301019\u3011\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u4eff\u8fd8\u662f\u7075\u611f\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u591f\u6709\u6548\u548c\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u827a\u672f\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b<\/span>\uff08Boden, 2009\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46A2\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u201c\u827a\u672f\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4e89\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\uff1aA2\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u5de5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u3002\u301020\u3011\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5047\u8bbe\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u50cf\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u673a\u68b0\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e0e\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u5f62\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u666e\u901a\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u6db5\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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A3: \u4eba\u5de5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u9274\u81ea\u7136\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6216\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u8868\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
Francesco Bianchini <\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u535a\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u6709\u7740\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea4<\/span>\u53c9\u70b9\uff08\u4ece\u4eba\u5de5\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u6559\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\u7279\u522b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7c7b\u6bd4\u548c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1  Both for Leibniz and for those who have discussed his ideas on it. To provide just one example of a pre- sent-day interpretation of Leibniz\u2019s words about natural machines, according to Nachtomy they\u201care indi- visible units in the sense that they are defned and informed by a single rule of generation, compatible with their having an infnitely complex structure such as an infnite series or a fractal-like structure\u201d(Nachtomy, 2011: 77).<\/span><\/section>\n
2  See the Book II, chapter 8, of Aristotle\u2019s Physics: \u00abgenerally art in some cases completes what nature cannot bring to a fnish, and in others imitates nature. If, therefore, artifcial products are for the sake of an end, so clearly also are natural products.\u00bb (Aristotle, 1991: 32).<\/span><\/section>\n
3  See the Book II, chapter 1, of Aristotle\u2019s Physics.<\/span><\/section>\n
4  For example, see K\u00e4tsyri et al. (2015) for a discussion on the development of the original hypothesis in the light of more recent empirical evidence.<\/span><\/section>\n
5  The handbook has had four main editions in 1995, 2002, 2009, and 2020. This testifes for the fast evolu- tion of the discipline, and the necessity of a constant signifcant updating.<\/span><\/section>\n
6  The distinction between a perfect rationality and a bounded rationality is at the center of AI origins, at least as regards the human though simulation and modeling. See Simon (1957) for the beginning of the debate on rationality<\/span><\/section>\n
7  Russell too provides an example of this trend by focusing on rationality (Russell, 1997) as well as he is an example of an author assuming we already know what an artifcial system is (Bringsjord, Govindarajulu, 2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
8  On the synthetic method in AI and the need to choose the right constraints for modelling an AI system with an explanatory role see also Lieto (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
9  Both in a virtual and in a synthetic way, that is by computer simulation and building real artifacts respec- tively, according to a distinction made by Harnad (1994). As previously said, such a distinction is not clear- cut from the point of view of the process of testing and validating a scientifc cognitive theory through the synthetic method.<\/span><\/section>\n
10  See the conclusion of Mead (1990). On large-scale adaptive analog technology and Very-Large-Scale- Integration (VLSI) digital circuits see also Mahowald, & Douglas (1991).<\/span><\/section>\n
11  On robotic modeling in cognitive science see Morse et al. (2011). On the\u201cbiological\u201ddifculty to scale the complexity of living beings to build robots at a human-cognition level in situated robotics see the wor- ries by Brooks dating back to 1997:\u201cPerhaps it is the case that all the approaches to building intelligent systems are just completely of-base, and are doomed to fail. [\u2026] Perhaps we have all missed some organ- izing principle of biological systems, or some general truth about them. Perhaps there is a way of looking at biological systems which will illuminate an inherent necessity in some aspect of the interactions of their parts that is completely missing from our artifcial systems\u201d(Brooks, 1997: 300\u2013301, emphasis added).<\/span><\/section>\n
12  Craig Venter, the head of the Research Institute that has created this minimal-genome organism, called it\u201cMycoplasma Laboratorium\u201dor\u201cSynthia\u201dand the announcement of its creation is quite recent (Service, 2016).<\/span><\/section>\n
13  For the issue of prediction in entities of synthetic biology see Bianchini (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
14  Today  synthetic  cells  \u201care  more  machine-like  (robot-like)  than  organism-like  (\u201cmachine\u201d  here  is intended in its classical meaning, i.e., a device that is built\/programmed to perform certain operations decided by the machine builder)\u201d (Stano, 2019: 1\u20132).<\/span><\/section>\n
15  Interesting remarks on this subject are already in Hofstadter (1979), in a chapter about self-reference and self-replication and ending with a paragraph entitled\u201cThe Origin of Life\u201d.<\/span><\/section>\n
16  For an example in biology see Forber (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
17  For example, artifcial biological systems built on the base of expanded artifcial genetic alphabets (for one example, see Georgiadis (2015)). See also Warren (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
18  The tradition of describing AI as a history of good and bad period is not recent. See for example Crevier<\/span><\/section>\n
(1993).<\/span><\/section>\n
19  See, for example, the Merriam-Webster English dictionary: <\/span>https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dicti <\/span>onary\/artifcial (last retrieval March 14th, 2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
20  For a survey on this topic concerning many AI systems, from algorithms to robots, see Lawless et al. (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4ebf\u8ba1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u300c\u5df2\u77e5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u300d\u3002\u672c\u7740\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6765\u81ea\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5bf9\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7c7b\u8111\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u591a\u6240\u77e5\u540d\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u2014\u2014\u300c\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eAI\u7684\u878d\u5408\u56db\u5927\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u63a2\u8ba8\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u7c7b\u8111\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece2024\u5e742\u670822\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u56db19:00-21:00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba110-15\u5468\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u68b3\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u3001\u6fc0\u53d1\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u706b\u82b1\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5230\u7c7b\u8111\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
1. <\/strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5168\u666f\u56fe\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\uff1a\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u89c8<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong> \u674e\u98de\u98de\u56e2\u961f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u9020\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff1f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5728\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5316<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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