{"id":50590,"date":"2024-05-27T22:11:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T14:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50590"},"modified":"2024-05-27T22:11:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T14:11:59","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%bb%e5%8a%a8%e6%8e%a8%e7%90%86%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%83%e6%99%ba%e3%80%81%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e4%b8%8e%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%83%bd%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%ef%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50590","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff5c\u8d60\u4e66\u798f\u5229\u6765\u88ad\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5019\u9009\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Karl Friston 2016\u5e74\u88ab Semantic Scholar \u8bc4\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5341\u5927\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9996\uff0ch-index \u9ad8\u8fbe 272\uff0c\u79d1\u777f\u552f\u5b89\u5c06\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u4e09\u5927\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo, Karl Friston \u4e09\u4eba\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5c06\u4e8e\u8fd1\u671f\u7531\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>
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\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8fd1\u671f\u9080\u8bf7\u5230 Karl Friston <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u505a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def\u8d70\u5411\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u4e8e5\u670831\u65e5\u516c\u5f00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9bZoom\u4f1a\u8bae\u53f7\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\u6d77\u62a5\u4e2d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u62a5\u540d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u9192\u548c\u56de\u653e\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u5e0c\u671b\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5f00\u542f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e4b\u65c5\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6bef\uff0c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u81ea\u521b\u751f<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u798f\u5229\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u95ee Karl Friston\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u622a\u81f3\u672c\u5468\u516d\uff086\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u4e2d\u534812:00\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span>\u6210\u5458+\u8bc4\u8bba\u70b9\u8d5e\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u540d\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4e00\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo, Karl J. Friston<\/span><\/span><\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5218\u6797\u6f8d<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u6d3b\u52a8\u8be6\u60c5\uff1a<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u6cf0\u6597 Karl Friston \u505a\u5ba2\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff01\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

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\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u662f\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u63a8\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u5c14\u00b7J.\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u987f\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u5c06\u884c\u52a8\u5bd3\u4e8e\u77e5\u89c9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u9996\u6b21\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e3a\u7eb2\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7b49\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1 \u6982\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
1.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
1.2 \u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6301\u5b58\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94<\/span><\/section>\n
1.3 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n
1.4 \u5168\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n
1.5 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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2 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
2.2 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u89c9<\/span><\/section>\n
2.3 \u751f\u7269\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/span><\/section>\n
2.4 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/section>\n
2.5 \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/section>\n
2.6 \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span><\/section>\n
2.7 \u9884\u671f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/section>\n
2.8 \u4f55\u8c13\u9884\u671f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span><\/section>\n
2.9 \u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/span><\/section>\n
2.10 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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3 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6bef<\/span><\/section>\n
3.3 \u60ca\u5f02\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e0e\u81ea\u8bc1<\/span><\/section>\n
3.4 \u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n
3.5 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u65b0\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/section>\n
3.6 \u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span><\/section>\n
3.7 \u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e0b\u534f\u8c03\u751f\u6210\u8bba\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
3.8 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5230\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/section>\n
3.9 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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4 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
4.2 \u4ece\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u7406\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span><\/section>\n
4.3 \u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n
4.4 \u5bf9\u5e94\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5 \u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
4.6 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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5 \u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
5.2 \u5fae\u89c2\u56de\u8def\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f<\/span><\/section>\n
5.3 \u8fd0\u52a8\u6307\u4ee4<\/span><\/section>\n
5.4 \u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n
5.5 \u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/section>\n
5.6 \u8868\u5f81\u79bb\u6563\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span><\/section>\n
5.7 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6307\u5357<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
6.2 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u56db\u6b65\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6307\u5357<\/span><\/section>\n
6.3 \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
6.4 \u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
6.5 \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
6.6 \u600e\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
6.7 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u62df\u5408<\/span><\/section>\n
6.8 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

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7 \u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
7.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
7.2 \u77e5\u89c9\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
7.3 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212<\/span><\/section>\n
7.4 \u4fe1\u606f\u641c\u96c6<\/span><\/section>\n
7.5 \u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u6c42\u65b0<\/span><\/section>\n
7.6 \u591a\u5c42\uff08\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
7.7 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
8 \u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
8.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
8.2 \u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/section>\n
8.3 \u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/section>\n
8.4 \u5e7f\u4e49\u540c\u6b65<\/span><\/section>\n
8.5 \u6df7\u5408\uff08\u79bb\u6563+\u8fde\u7eed\uff09\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n
8.6 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
9 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
9.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
9.2 \u5143\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n
9.3 \u53d8\u5206\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af<\/span><\/section>\n
9.4 \u53c2\u6570\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\uff08PEB\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
9.5 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6307\u5357<\/span><\/section>\n
9.6 \u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
9.7 \u9519\u8bef\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n
9.8 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
10 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
10.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/section>\n
10.2 \u5b8c\u6574\u68b3\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
10.3 \u878d\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a\uff1a\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u6c34\u5e73\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n
10.4 \u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u3001\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
10.5 \u77e5\u89c9<\/span><\/section>\n
10.6 \u884c\u52a8\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/section>\n
10.7 \u6548\u7528\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56<\/span><\/section>\n
10.8 \u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n
10.9 \u6548\u4ef7\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a<\/span><\/section>\n
10.10 \u7a33\u6001\u3001\u7a33\u6001\u5e94\u53d8\u4e0e\u5185\u611f\u89c9\u52a0\u5de5<\/span><\/section>\n
10.11 \u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u663e\u8457\u6027\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n
10.12 \u89c4\u5219\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u4e0e\u5feb\u901f\u6cdb\u5316<\/span><\/section>\n
10.13 \u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/section>\n
10.14 \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u9644 \u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u9644\u5f55A \u76f8\u5173\u6570\u5b66\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9644\u5f55B \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9644\u5f55C Matlab\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7d22\u5f15<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\uff08\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u6982\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u673a\u9047\u9752\u7750\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014Louis Pasteur<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

1.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u52a9\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5728\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6301\u5b58\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ece\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u89d2\u5ea6\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8ffd\u95ee\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u8574\u542b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2 \u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6301\u5b58\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5728\u73af\u5883<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u884c\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1-1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u77e5\u89c9\u73af\u8def<\/strong>\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u8981\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u98df\u7269\u548c\u5e87\u62a4\u6240\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u5176\u63ed\u793a\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u501f\u52a9\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u77e5\u89c9\u73af\u8def\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u77e5\u89c9\u73af\u8def\u5177\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u96be\u514d\u53d7\u8fc7\u5f80\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53c8\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6210\u529f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u76f8\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u3001\u523b\u677f<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u4f1a\u6e38\u5411\u7cd6\u5206\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u57df\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f1a\u5236\u8ba2\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fdc\u671f\u76ee\u6807\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u4ece<\/span>\uff08\u6f14\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5a01\u80c1\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u5230\u501f\u52a9\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u77e5\u89c9\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002*<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1.3 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5bf9\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u50cf\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u5206\u522b\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e13\u95e8\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7edf\u4e00\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u201d\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53c8\u5206\u522b\u6620\u5c04\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u201c\u6d3e\u7cfb\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\u201d<\/span>\uff08the neats\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u201c\u829c\u6742\u6d3e\u201d<\/span>\uff08the scruffies\uff09\uff08\u8fd9\u5bf9\u79f0\u8c13\u6765\u81eaRoger Shank\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\u201d\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d8a\u5927\u8111\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u201c\u829c\u6742\u6d3e\u201d\u5219\u62e5\u62b1\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u201c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\u201d\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f02\u8d28\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u53c8\u80fd\u5426\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5448\u73b0\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u8574\u4e49\u3002*<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.4 \u5168\u4e66\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u60f3\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bfb\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u60f3\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bfb\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u67b6\u6784\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf8\u5982\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7b49\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.4.1 \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u7bc7<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e4b\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5176\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u4ee4\u5176\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u60ca\u5f02\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002\u201c\u60ca\u5f02\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5176\u504f\u597d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u504f\u597d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u901a\u5e38\u5173\u4e4e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u9c7c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u73af\u5883\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u60ca\u5f02\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u77e5\u89c9\u73af\u8def\u65bd\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u504f\u597d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u201c\u4e3b\u52a8\u201d\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u60ca\u5f02\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5c06\u8c08\u5230\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u5047\u8bbe\u5373\u4fbf\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u60ca\u5f02\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u5c31\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u53d8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cf\u53ef\u501f\u52a9\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u671f\u671b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Friston, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u7531\u6b64\u51fa\u53d1\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u91cf\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u96c6\u7fa4\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u660e\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u4e0e\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u9664\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u6d3b\u52a8\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Friston, Levin et al., 2015; Isomura & Friston, 2018; Palacios, Razi et al., 2020; Veissi\u00e8re et al., 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u5957\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u523b\u753b\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1-2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u5f7c\u6b64\u53c8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u8865\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e4b\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u52a9\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6301\u5b58\uff1f\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a<\/span>\uff08\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u5730\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5176\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e4b\u60ca\u5f02\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/span><\/strong>\u4ece\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u5ff5\u89c6\u5927\u8111\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f0\u63a8\u7406\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u8bf1\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u5206\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9610\u91ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u4ea6\u5373\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56de\u987eHelmholtz<\/span>\uff081866\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u77e5\u89c9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\uff09<\/span>\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c\u2014\u2014\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08Doya, 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span>\uff08\u77e5\u89c9\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5907<\/span>\uff08\u4f53\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e4b\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u77e5\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u9690\u85cf\u8bf1\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6269\u5145\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u7406\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u5c06\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u56ca\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c06\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u73af\u5883<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u201c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6bef\u201d\u4e3a\u754c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e0e\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u5341\u5206\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u5c06\u66f4\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u5c06\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u201d\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u81ea\u8bc1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u53d8\u5206\u63a8\u7406\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u4e0e\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9886\u7565\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7b2c5\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u8c08\u5230\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ece\u201c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff08Friston, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u8bbe\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5236\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67b6\u6784\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u8bd5\u56fe\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba\u7275\u7ebf\u642d\u6865\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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