{"id":50683,"date":"2024-05-31T10:51:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T02:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50683"},"modified":"2024-05-31T10:51:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T02:51:07","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%83%bd%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e3%80%81%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e4%b8%8e%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=50683","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2. \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ece\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u51fa\u53d1<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u53d1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5230\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u5b55\u80b2\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u597d\u5947\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Free Energy Principle\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/span>\uff08Active Inference\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\uff09<\/span>\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u63a5\u529b\u68d2\u4ea4\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ddd\u79bb\u63ed\u793a\u751f\u547d\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u548c\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Free Energy Principle, FEP\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Karl Friston \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u9884\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u5b58\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2. \u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\uff0c\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\uff0c\u548c Karl Friston \u3002\uff5c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/span>\uff08Active Inference\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u63a8\u65ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u52a8\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u671f\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u5b98\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u60ca\u5947<\/strong><\/span>\uff08surprise\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u60ca\u5947\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5f53\u524d\u611f\u5b98\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u504f\u597d\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\uff0c\u8fdc\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f71\uff0c\u8d70\u8fd1\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u611f\u5b98\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u504f\u597d\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\u65f6\u7a81\u7136\u9047\u5230\u5927\u96e8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u96e8\u6dcb\u6e7f<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5bfb\u627e\u907f\u96e8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u611f\u5b98\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\u76f8\u7b26\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u65e5\u5e38\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\uff08Low road\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8def\u5f84<\/span>\uff08High road\uff09<\/span>[6]\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3. \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u8def\u5f84\uff08Low road\uff09\u548c\u7269\u7406\u8def\u5f84\uff08High road\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u51fa\u53d1<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u7ec4\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Generative Process\uff09\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff08Generative Model\uff09\u3002\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u5219\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe4. \u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u77e5\u6653\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u636e\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u6709\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5176\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u590d\u539f\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u629b\u5f00\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u592a\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u501f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u6d1e\u7a74\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u56da\u5f92\u81ea\u51fa\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u88ab\u9501\u94fe\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u9762\u671d\u5899\u58c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u8eab\u770b\u5230\u80cc\u540e\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u706b\uff0c\u706b\u5149\u5c06\u6d1e\u7a74\u5916\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u624b\u6301\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u56da\u5f92\u9762\u524d\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56da\u5f92\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f71\u5b50\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5916\u9762\u58eb\u5175\u53ca\u4ed6\u624b\u6301\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u800c\u6d1e\u7a74\u4e2d\u7684\u56da\u5f92\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e09\u7ef4\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u8fd9\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u56da\u5f92\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u56da\u5f92\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9634\u5f71\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe5. \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6d1e\u7a74\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u77e5\u89c2\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u63a8\u65ad\u672a\u77e5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u4e16\u754c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u8fa8\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5ed3\u662f\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u6811\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u523b\u610f\u7684\u3001\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u63a8\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe6. \u7f2a\u52d2-\u83b1\u5c14\u9519\u89c9<\/span><\/p>\n


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19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Hermann von Helmholtz\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u9996\u4f4d\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u63a8\u65ad\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u5bf9\u4ea7\u751f\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u63a8\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ece\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u7ed3\u679c\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u795e\u7ecf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u662f\u611f\u5b98\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\uff0c1867\u5e74\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u9884\u6d4b\u5fc3\u667a\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0cPeter Dayan\u548cGeoffrey Hinton\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u201csleep-wake\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u673a\u201d\u4e2d[1,2]\uff0c\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u51cf\u53bb\u5176\u71b5\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a F=U-TS\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dU\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u80fd\uff0cT\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0cS\u662f\u71b5\u3002\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u53d8\u5206\u5206\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u540c\u6784\u7269<\/strong>\u3002\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6982\u7387\u548c\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6839\u636e\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8bc1\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ec5\u51ed\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u516c\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u4f30\u8ba1\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6311\u6218\u3002\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6982\u7387P(B)\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u5206\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5c06\u63a8\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u540e\u9a8c\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u540e\u9a8c\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u8005\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4fbf\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8fbe\u5230\u4f18\u5316\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u53d8\u5206\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u9009\u62e9\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u6258\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u52a8\u4f5c\u9009\u62e9\u5219\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u671f\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u4e4e\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u4f7f\u5f97\u672a\u6765\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u7a33\u6001\u3001\u5e76\u6709\u6548\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u6307\u5bfc\u7740\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u53d1<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4ea4\u6362\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u7a33\u6001\u201d\u5219\u6307\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b8f\u89c2\u6027\u8d28\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u6e29\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7406\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4e0e\u6536\u7f29\u3001\u6c57\u817a\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u7b49\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4f53\u6e29\u5728\u5927\u7ea637\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u60f3\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u6ce2\u52a8\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8017\u6563\u6548\u5e94\uff1f<\/strong>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u5916\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4f53\u6e29\u8c03\u8282\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u4f60\u7a7f\u7740\u77ed\u8896\u8863\u7269\u7ad9\u5728\u51b0\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u7684\u6237\u5916\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5728\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4f53\u6e29\u63a5\u8fd137\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6539\u53d8\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e5f\u7ec8\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5185\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u8282\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u4f53\u5185\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u6dfb\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u907f\u5bd2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u4f53\u5185\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u867d\u7136\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u53d7\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6982\u62ec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u71b5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u5b58\u7eed\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe8. \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff08external state\uff09\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\uff08sensation state\uff09\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff08internal state\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\uff08action state\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u5efa\u6a21\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u52a8\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6bef<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Markov blanket\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6bef\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u6297\u73af\u5883\u6270\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8017\u6563\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b63\u5982\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u5fa1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e72\u6270\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u4ee5\u96ea\u82b1\u7684\u6d88\u878d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4ece\u9ad8\u7a7a\u98d8\u843d\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u5730\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u5347\u9ad8\u4f7f\u5176\u878d\u5316\u6210\u96e8\u6ef4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u96ea\u82b1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ece\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u5982\u679c\u96ea\u82b1\u80fd\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e00\u53cc\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u62b5\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/strong>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u62b5\u6297\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe9. \u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u50cf\u96ea\u82b1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf[4,5]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u904d\u5386<\/span>\uff08ergodic\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u6001\u5438\u5f15\u5b50<\/span>\uff08random dynamical attractor\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4f53\u6e29\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u9644\u8fd1\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u8be5\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5438\u5f15\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u904d\u5386\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08ergodic density\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Fokker-Planck\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7a33\u6001\u89e3\u5f97\u5230<\/span>\uff08Fokker-Planck\u65b9\u7a0b\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5229\u7528\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u904d\u5386\u71b5\uff08ergodic entropy\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u904d\u5386\u71b5\u662f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u957f\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u8def\u5f84\u79ef\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff08surprise\uff09<\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8d1f\u5bf9\u6570\u4f3c\u7136\u6982\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u5373-lnp(s)\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u60ca\u5947\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe10. \u751f\u547d\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u7a33\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u904d\u5386\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u6001\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u904d\u5386\u71b5\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u71b5\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u71b5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u89c2\u6d4b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u5ea6\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u65e8\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u611f\u5b98\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u754c\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5176\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u5730\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u98df\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u627e\u5230\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8361\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5bfb\u627e\u98df\u7269\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u6240\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u201c<\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u98df\u7269<\/strong>\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u987b<\/strong>\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5c40\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/strong>\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u6b63\u5219\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u5373\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u90a3\u6761\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u53d6\u6781\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u91c7\u7528\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d6\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u9876\u5c42\u8def\u5f84\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7a33\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u8111\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Predictive Coding\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Predictive Processing\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe11. \u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u6210\u5173\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bef\u5dee\u4fe1\u53f7\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab\u53cd\u9988\u81f3\u5927\u8111\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u90e8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b9a\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6291\u5236\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08Repetition suppression\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u5747\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982EEG\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u5339\u914d\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08Mismatch Negativity\uff09<\/span>\u548cfMRI\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u3002\u91cd\u590d\u6291\u5236\u73b0\u8c61\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u88ab\u8bd5\u9762\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u8bf1\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u53d7\u5230\u6291\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6bd4\u719f\u6089\u6216\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u8111\u533a\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301[3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe12. \u5411\u88ab\u8bd5\u5448\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u9762\u5b54\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5448\u73b0\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5448\u73b0\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u52a0\u5de5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5728\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u9884\u6d4b\u5fc3\u667a\u300b\u548c\u300a\u9884\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u63a2\u7d22<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08Reinforcement Learning\uff0c\u7b80\u5199\u4e3aRL\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u5b58\u5728\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe13. \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u5b58\u5728\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u65e0\u6a21\u578b\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08Model-free RL\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08Model-based RL\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08World Model\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u9884\u671f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u589e\u76ca\u4e0e\u504f\u597d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5230\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u542f\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u6216\u8bb8\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u8054\u7cfb\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003[8,9]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6. \u6700\u540e<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7a33\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u70b9<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5177\u4f53\u4e14\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7d22\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Hinton G E, Dayan P, Frey B J, et al. The” wake-sleep” algorithm for unsupervised neural networks[J]. Science, 1995, 268(5214): 1158-1161.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Dayan P, Hinton G E, Neal R M, et al. The helmholtz machine[J]. Neural computation, 1995, 7(5): 889-904.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Friston K, Kilner J, Harrison L. A free energy principle for the brain[J]. Journal of physiology-Paris, 2006, 100(1-3): 70-87.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Friston K, Ao P. Free energy, value, and attractors[J]. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2012, 2012.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Karl F. A free energy principle for biological systems[J]. Entropy, 2012, 14(11): 2100-2121.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Parr T, Pezzulo G, Friston K J. Active inference: the free energy principle in mind, brain, and behavior[M]. MIT Press, 2022.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Clark A. Surfing uncertainty: Prediction, action, and the embodied mind[M]. Oxford University Press, 2015.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    Hafner D, Ortega P A, Ba J, et al. Action and perception as divergence minimization[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.01791, 2020.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Mazzaglia P, Verbelen T, \u00c7atal O, et al. The free energy principle for perception and action: A deep learning perspective[J]. Entropy, 2022, 24(2): 301.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


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    \u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u79d1\u666e\u4e2d\u56fd\u00b7\u661f\u7a7a\u8ba1\u5212\u6276\u6301\u4f5c\u54c1<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u725f\u7267\u4e91<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5ba1\u6838\uff1a\u5f20\u6c5f\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u51fa\u54c1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u534f\u79d1\u666e\u90e8<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u76d1\u5236\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u79d1\u661f\u6cb3\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u5a92\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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    \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span>\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u6556\u5e73\u3001\u725f\u7267\u4e91\u3001\u5f20\u6b63\u6cc9\u3001\u5f20\u5fb7\u7965\u3001\u9648\u6e5b\u3001\u4f55\u771f\u3001\u7f57\u51e1\u660e\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span>\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    1. <\/strong>\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff5c\u8d60\u4e66\u798f\u5229\u6765\u88ad\uff01<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    2. \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u8d85\u7ea7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    3. <\/strong>Karl Friston\u8bbf\u8c08\uff1a\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/strong><\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


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    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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