{"id":51054,"date":"2024-06-25T15:48:55","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T07:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51054"},"modified":"2024-06-25T15:48:55","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T07:48:55","slug":"%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%83%bd%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51054","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u5178\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5019\u9009\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u7bc72010\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature Reviews Neuroscience<\/em> \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u8005 Karl Friston \u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u8fbe7745\uff0c\u4e14\u4ecd\u5728\u9010\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u89c6\u89d2\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u548c\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u51e0\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6b64\u524d\u9080\u8bf7\u5230 Karl Friston \u505a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def\u8d70\u5411\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7edf\u4e00\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u56de\u653e\u89c6\u9891\u73b0\u5df2\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u89c2\u770b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u6591\u56fe\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/pattern.swarma.org\/study_group_issue\/667<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
Karl Friston<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5218\u6cfd\u6743<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u6881\u91d1\u3001\u5f20\u6b63\u6cc9<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrn2787<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/section>\n
\n
\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
1. \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. \u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. \u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. \u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
5. \u6709\u504f\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. \u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
7. \u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
8. \u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08neural Darwinism\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e3b\u9898\u8d2f\u7a7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong><\/span>\uff08value\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5956\u52b1\u3001\u9884\u671f\u6548\u7528\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5176\u4e92\u8865\u91cf\uff0c\u60ca\u5947<\/span>\uff08surprise\uff09\uff08\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3001\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0b\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u51e0\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba[1]\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u786e\u7acb\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u51fa\u5171\u901a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6211\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u6784\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u68461\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08self-organizing system\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316<\/strong>[2]\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u751f\u7269\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u52a8\u7269\u6216\u5927\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u62b5\u5fa1\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u5e8f\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8ff0[3-6]\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u975e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6db5\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6db5\u4e49\u5374\u590d\u6742\u591a\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4f7f\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7edf\u4e00\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c06\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u62b5\u6297\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u503e\u5411<\/strong>\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f[3-6]\u3002\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u73af\u5883<\/span>\uff08environment\uff09<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u73af\u5883<\/span>\uff08milieu\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u7406\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u7a33\u6001<\/span>\uff08homeostasis\uff09<\/span>[7]\uff1b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6240\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e93<\/span>\uff08repertoire\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u578b<\/span>\uff08phenotype\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span>\uff08\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u548c\u5916\u611f\u53d7\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u611f\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u71b5\uff1b\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u5176\u4f59\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u71b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u81ea\u6211\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u201c\u60ca\u5947<\/span>\uff08surprise\uff09<\/span>\u201d[8]<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8d1f\u5bf9\u6570\u6982\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u79bb\u5f00\u6c34\u7684\u9c7c\u201d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u611f\u6027\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u957f\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u2014\u2014\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u60ca\u5947\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5c0f\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u590d\u6742\u548c\u6e38\u8d70\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u968f\u673a\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u201d<\/span>\uff08global random attractor\uff09<\/span>[10]\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u88ab\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u6240\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u7269\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u751f\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u5185<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u5426\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u77e5\u9053\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u201c<\/strong>\u60ca\u5947<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u9690\u542b\u5730\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e86\u201c<\/strong>\u60ca\u5947<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5176\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u548c\u7531\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08recognition density\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u7279\u5b9a\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff08\u53d8\u5206\uff09\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/strong>\u6784\u9020\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u79ef\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898 [11]\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u95ee\u9898[12,13,14]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u8d1f\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8bc1\u636e\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u4ee4\u4eba\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6765\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5<\/strong>\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5206\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\uff08<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\u5e72\u9884\u6539\u53d8\u8f93\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u611f\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u6574\u89e3\u91ca\u8f93\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u7b49\u4ef7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S2\uff08\u6846\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u51cf\u53bb\u71b5<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1a1. \u5b83\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u30022. \u5b83\u8868\u660e\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u89c9\u53ca\u5176\u611f\u77e5\u539f\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d*\uff0c\u800c\u71b5\u5219\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u590d\u6742\u5ea6**\u30023. \u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08generative model\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7528\u611f\u89c9\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u9690\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5bf9\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
*\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u611f\u89c9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u539f\u56e0\u5219\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u6a21\u578b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
**\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u71b5\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c<\/strong>\u60ca\u5947<\/strong>\u201d\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6563\u5ea6\u9879\uff08divergence term\uff09\u4e4b\u548c<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u77e5\uff09\u6563\u5ea6<\/span><\/span>\u9879\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f30\u8ba1\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u540e\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u89c9\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u5ea6\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u5ea6\u603b\u662f\u975e\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u77e5\u89c9\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u6bd4\u8f83\uff08model comparison\uff09\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08complexity\uff09\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08accuracy\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u503c<\/strong>\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u5148\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u60ca\u5947\u201d[15]\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u5438\u6536\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5148\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e4b\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u7531\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f16\u7801\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9884\u671f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u91c7\u6837\u5b83\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8<\/strong>\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/span>\uff08active inference\uff09<\/span>[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u5b83\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u6478\u7d22\u524d\u8fdb\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u6478\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff08<\/span>\u5373\u611f\u5b98\u539f\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5173\u4e8e\u88ab\u91c7\u6837\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u5b98\u6837\u672c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u5176\u7b26\u5408\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u65b9\u68461\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

a\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u03bc<\/em>(t<\/em>) \uff0c\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u91cf\uff1a\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7s(t) <\/em>\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u52a8\u4f5c a<\/em>(t<\/em>) \u3002\u73af\u5883\u7531\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001 x<\/em>(t<\/em>) \u3001\u53c2\u6570\u03b8<\/em>\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u968f\u673a\u6da8\u843d\u5e45\u5ea6 z<\/em>(t<\/em>) \u548c w<\/em>(t<\/em>) \u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6 \u03b3 <\/em>\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd F<\/em>( \u0303s<\/em>,\u03bc<\/em>) \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8868\u793a q<\/em>(\u03b8|\u03bc<\/em>) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08recognition density\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1a\u8bc6\u522b\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6 q<\/em>(\u03b8|\u03bc<\/em>) \u548c\u751f\u6210\u611f\u77e5\u8f93\u5165\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6 p<\/em>( \u0303s<\/em>,\u03b8|m<\/em>)\u3002\u540e\u8005\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7528m\u8868\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u7531\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u6216\u5927\u8111\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

b\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5176\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u91c7\u6837\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u4f7f\u5f97\u8868\u5f81\u6210\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a8\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u906d\u9047\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff08\u8868\u5f81\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1a\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u60ca\u5947  \u2013In p( \u0303s,| m)  \u52a0\u4e0a\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u7531\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7f16\u7801\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 Kullback-Leibler \u6563\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6563\u5ea6<\/span>\u603b\u662f\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4ee5\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u63a8\u65ad\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u5176\u611f\u89c9\u6837\u672c\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u754c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f7f\u5176\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u52a8\u4f5c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u91c7\u6837\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u5f81\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6c42\u548c\u6765\u770b\u51fa\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08\u7531\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u7f16\u7801\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u8111\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u5176\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u76ae\uff08epithelia\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u91c7\u6837\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u2014\u2014\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2. \u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Bayesian brain hypothesis\uff09<\/span>[17]\u5229\u7528\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u5c06\u611f\u77e5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b [18-22]\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b[23-28]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u5408\u6210\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08analysis by synthesis\uff09<\/span>[20]\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span>\uff08epistemological automata\uff09<\/span>[19]\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u63a8\u7406\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u89c9 [18,22,25]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4f3c\u7136<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5148\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6982\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u8f6c\u4f3c\u7136\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08likelihood model\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u56e0\u5230\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed9\u5b9a\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u540e\u9a8c\u6982\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u8f6c\u4e0e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u540e\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u7cbe\u786e\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u96be\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7b80\u5355[11-14]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53d8\u5206\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6216\u96c6\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Ensemble learning\uff09[29]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9996\u5148\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u63a8\u7406\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684[27]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684[26,28]\u3002\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5148\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u539f\u56e0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5148\u9a8c\u503c\u662f\u6309\u5c42\u7ea7\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u611f\u5b98\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7ebf\u4f18\u5316\u5176\u5148\u9a8c\u9884\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u4f7f\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u90fd\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7ea7\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u539f\u56e0\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5c42\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u968f\u673a\u6548\u5e94\uff08random effects\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08parametric empirical Bayes models\uff09<\/span>[30,31]<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u611f\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5c42\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b[32\uff0c33\uff0c34]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u65b9\u68462\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5e45\u56fe\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4f18\u5316\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u5411\u9a71\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8d77\u6e90\u7ec6\u80de\uff08\u7070\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u4ece\u8f83\u4f4e\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5916\u4fa7\u819d\u72b6\u6838\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982V1<\/sub>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efa\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53cd\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u9ed1\u8272\u7bad\u5934\uff09[41]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u6389\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5206\u522b\u662f\u8868\u6d45\u548c\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f62\u7ec6\u80de\uff08\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u4e0b\u4e09\u89d2\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u7070\u8272\u3002\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u5355\u5143\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u8868\u793a\u8bc6\u522b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7a81\u89e6\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u589e\u76ca\uff09<\/span>\u7f16\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf<\/span>\uff08sufficient statistics\uff09\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7f16\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u5f0f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7c92\u5b50\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08particle filtering\uff09[26]\u548c\u6982\u7387\u7fa4\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\uff08probabilistic population codes\uff09[35,36,37,38]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u9ad8\u65af\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u5747\u503c\u6216\u671f\u671b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08Laplace assumption\uff09<\/span>[39]\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u6389\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801<\/strong>\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6846\u67b6[40]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5355\u5143\u5c06\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7ea7\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u7f16\u7801\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6389<\/span>\uff08\u51cf\u5c11\uff09<\/span>\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u6389\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7528\u7531\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6291\u5236\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u62b5\u6d88\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5174\u594b\u6027\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u8f93\u5165<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u89c1\u65b9\u68462\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[41,42]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u88ab\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e14\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u65e9\u671f\u89c6\u89c9\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u5f81[40,43]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6291\u5236<\/span>\uff08Repetition Suppression\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Mismatch Responses\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca [44]\u3002\u56fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u611f\u77e5\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\u91cd\u590d\u6291\u5236\uff08Repetition Suppression\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u719f\u6089\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7c92\u5b50\u6ee4\u6ce2\uff08Particle Filtering\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e8f\u5217\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f30\u8ba1\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\uff08\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u540e\u9a8c\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u7c92\u5b50\u6ee4\u6ce2\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u566a\u58f0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe 1\uff1a\u9e1f\u9e23\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/h4>\n

(a) \u611f\u77e5\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6b4c\u58f0\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\uff09(v(1), v(2))\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6210\u7684\u54bd\u9f13\u7ba1\uff08syrinx\uff09\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8c03\u5236\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u201c\u9e23\u53eb\u58f0\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u58f0\u8c31\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u9e23\u53eb\u58f0\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u523a\u6fc0\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6210\u9e1f\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u03bc(v1<\/sub>), \u03bc(v2<\/sub>)\uff09\u6765\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u611f\u77e5\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u611f\u77e5\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u62df\u6b4c\u58f0\u7684\u58f0\u8c31\u56fe\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6b4c\u58f0\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9e23\u53eb\u58f0\uff0c\u5176\u9891\u7387\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u6b4c\u66f2a\u5230\u6b4c\u66f2c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u745e\u5229\u6570\uff0cRaleigh number\uff0ca\u4e2d\u7684v1<\/sub>\uff09\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(c) \u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u56fe\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u56fe\u3002\u5de6\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e09\u9996\u6b4c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b(\u03bc(v1<\/sub>), \u03bc(v2<\/sub>))\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u5927\u7ea6600\u6beb\u79d2\u540e\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\uff0890%\u7684\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u95f4\u4ee5\u7070\u8272\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u53f3\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u65f6\u95f4\u5373\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5de6\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\uff09\u3002\u84dd\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u7070\u8272\u533a\u57df\u5bf9\u5e9490%\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6b4c\u58f0\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u503c\uff08\u7ea2\u70b9\uff09\uff08v(1), v(2)\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u56fe2\u4e2d\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u4e0b\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u611f\u77e5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684[45]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u524d\u5411\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u4f20\u9012\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5411\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u751f\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u9a71\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u6027[46]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5171\u632f\u7406\u8bba [47,48] \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5171\u632f\u7406\u8bba\uff08Adaptive Resonance Theory\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ART\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u7531Stephen Grossberg \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65e7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5171\u632f\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f18\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u53d8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u6216\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u5b98\u5904\u7406\u539f\u5219\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong>\uff08principle of efficient coding\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u611f\u5b98\u4e0e\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u76f8\u4e92\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0cmutual predictability\uff09<\/span>\u3002Barlow [49] \u7528\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08redundancy reduction principle\uff0c\u6216\u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u539f\u5219\uff09<\/span>\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u7528 infomax \u539f\u5219 [50] \u5c06\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60[51]\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66 [53,54,55,56]\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08independent component analysis\uff09<\/span>[52]\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u7ecf\u5178\u611f\u53d7\u91ce\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u9762\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u6548[53]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7a00\u758f\u7f16\u7801[55]\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7684\u5206\u9694[57]\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u7406\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9[58,59]\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u65ad\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u9650\u5236[60]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/span>\uff08infomax principle\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7b80\u7ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u7801\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span>\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u5f81\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u6982\u7387\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5c06\u6d89\u53ca\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u6982\u7387\u8868\u5f81\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S3 \u6846\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8868\u5f81\u539f\u56e0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5730\uff0c<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff1a\u5f53\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u6700\u5927\u5316\u51c6\u786e\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u590d\u6742\u6027\u786e\u4fdd\u6548\u7387\u65f6\uff0c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5148\u9a8c\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7b80\u7ea6\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570[61]\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u53d1\u80b2[62]\u548c\u7761\u7720[63]\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u4fee\u526a\u548c\u7a33\u6001\u8c03\u8282\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u539f\u56e0\u6620\u5c04\u56de\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u5462\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570[64]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7a00\u758f\u7f16\u7801\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d[55]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9075\u5faa\u91cd\u5c3e\u6216\u7a00\u758f\u5206\u5e03[42]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u64c5\u957f\u9884\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u611f\u53d7\u91ce\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4e60\u5f97\uff09<\/span>\u4e86\u5148\u9a8c\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u7f16\u7801\u539f\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

4. \u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08cell assembly theory\uff09<\/span>\u7531 Hebb[65]\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u8d6b\u5e03\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u6216\u8054\u60f3\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u578b\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f9d\u8d56\u578b\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/span>\uff08experience-dependent plasticity\uff09<\/span>[66]\u3001von de Malsburg \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba[67,68]\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8d6b\u5e03\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u6539\u8fdb[69]\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6210\u7fa4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u524d\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u540e\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u7535\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u201d<\/span>\uff08cells that fire together wire together\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u8111\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u611f\u5b98\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08correlation theory\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u77e5\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u540c\u6b65\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a81\u89e6\u6548\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u518d\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0cmetaplasticity[70]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u539f\u56e0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7ea2\u8272\uff09<\/span>[67]\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u5173\u8054\u6216\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840[68,71]\u3002\u4ee5\u8054\u60f3\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u6a21\u578b[72,73,74]\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f15\u8d77\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u65f6\u53d8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e16\u754c\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u4e0d\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u843d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u6548\u80fd\u88ab\u7f16\u7801<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u65b9\u68462\u4e2d\u7528\u03bc\u03b8<\/sub>\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5b66\u4e60\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6539\u53d8\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8d6b\u5e03\u5f0f\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/span>\uff08Hebbian plasticity\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u540c[28,42]\uff08\u65b9\u6846 2\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u9884\u671f\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u7a81\u89e6\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u6df7\u5408\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6291\u5236\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7406\u8bba\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u5219\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u589e\u91cf\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\uff08delta rule\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8d6b\u5e03\u5f0f\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d6b\u5e03\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ece\u975e\u7edf\u8ba1\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u9610\u8ff0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63a8\u65ad<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u611f\u77e5\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u63a8\u65ad<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5b66\u4e60\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u542f\u7528\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

5. \u6709\u504f\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u6548\u80fd\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6da8\u843d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6da8\u843d\u5e45\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u9006\u65b9\u5dee\uff08inverse variance\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5728\u5927\u8111\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8c03\u8282\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u65b9\u6846 2 \u4e2d\u7684\u03bc(\u03b3)\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5bf9\u7f16\u7801\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u589e\u76ca\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u8c03\u8282\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u660e\u663e\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5229\u7528\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u548c\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u5242\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u94fe\u63a5[75,76,77]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u819c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\u5e38\u6570\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u76ca[78]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6b65\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u6709\u5173[79,80]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u7a81\u89e6\u589e\u76ca\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u9884\u671f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0e\u7a81\u89e6\u589e\u76ca\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u589e\u76ca\u548c\u6709\u504f\u7ade\u4e89\u7406\u8bba[80,81,82,83,84,85]\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282[86,87]\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u60ca\u5947\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u523a\u6fc0-\u53cd\u5e94\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

6. \u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08theory of neuronal group selection\uff09<\/span>[88]\u4ece\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u521b\u5efa\u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u539f\u521d\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u88ab\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08reentrant signaling\uff09<\/span>\u5f97\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u7fa4\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u7531\u9012\u589e<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u8f83\u4f4e\u533a\u57df\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u533a\u57df\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4f20\u9012\u8def\u5f84\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u9012\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/span>\uff08neural Darwinism\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f7c\u6b64\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7528\u5143\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08meta-selection\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e[89]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08value\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u4ecb\u5bfc\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u523a\u6fc0-\u523a\u6fc0\u5173\u8054\u548c\u523a\u6fc0-\u53cd\u5e94\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6765\u8d4b\u4e88\u6f14\u5316\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u5177\u5907\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\u91cd\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08reentrant signaling\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5355\u5411\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6765\u56de\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08value-dependent learning\uff09<\/span>[90]\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212<\/span>\uff08dynamic programming\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u65f6\u5e8f\u5dee\u5206\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08temporal difference models\uff09<\/span>[91,92]\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u4ef7\u503c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u8111\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u5bfc\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u83b7\u5f97\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5177\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u5956<\/span>\u52b1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf[92,93,94,95,96]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u653e\u7535\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u578b\u5904\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u578b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5176\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8d1f\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u8d1f\u71b5\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c<\/span>\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9690\u542b\u7684\u71b5\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u671f\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8865\u5145<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b[97]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5982\u4f55\u544a\u8bc9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u54ea\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u60ca\u5947\u7531\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u9690\u542b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u51b3\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u9057\u4f20\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u539f\u521d\u5e93\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u6001\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u4f18\u5316\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u578b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u6240\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u671f\u671b\u53d7\u5176\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u9884\u671f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u91c7\u6837\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u91c7\u6837\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u63a2\u7d22\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5177\u6709\u5148\u5929\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u9884\u8bbe\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u90fd\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fdb\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u71b5\u548c\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u96c6\u7fa4\u6216\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5929\u751f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u4f46\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7ed9\u72b6\u6001\u8d34\u6807\u7b7e\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u5f0f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

7. \u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08value\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4f18\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ef7\u503c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6216\u6548\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u6210\u672c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60[98]\uff1b\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u65f6\u5e8f\u5dee\u5206\u5b66\u4e60[99,100,101]\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u671f\u671b\u6548\u7528\u7406\u8bba[102]\u3002\u9884\u671f\u5956\u52b1\u6216\u6210\u672c<\/span>\uff08cost\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7b56\u7565\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5c06\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4ec5\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6709\u6210\u672c\u6216\u65e0\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u8d1d\u5c14\u66fc\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u4f53[99]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S4 \u65b9\u6846\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u4ee5\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8868\u8fbe\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6c42\u89e3\u8d1d\u5c14\u66fc\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u66fc\u65b9\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Rescorla-Wagner \u6a21\u578b[98]\u5230\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982 Q-learning[100]\u3002\u6210\u672c\u5728\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4f18\u51b3\u7b56\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3[102,103,104]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u662f\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S4 \u65b9\u6846\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5219\u6307\u51fa\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9884\u671f\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u65e0\u7f1d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u539f\u7406 [99]\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u901f\u7387<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S4 \u65b9\u6846\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5148\u9a8c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u56fe2\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u624b\u81c2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u2014\u2014\u624b\u81c2\u5c06\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u76ee\u6807\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5148\u9a8c\u548c\u6291\u5236\u611f\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 [105,106,107,108,109]\u3002\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b [16]<\/span>\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 110\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u7ee7\u627f\u6216\u5148\u5929\u6027\u5148\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7279\u5316\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5148\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe2. \u63d0\u793a\u6027\u4f38\u624b\u52a8\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u56fe\u7684\u53f3\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u8fbe\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53cc\u5173\u8282\u81c2\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u8282\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u98df\u6307\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5708\uff09\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u8282\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4eae\u5ea6\uff08\u7eff\u8272\u5706\u5708\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7684\u5de6\u4fa7\u90e8\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u8111\u4f7f\u7528\u79f0\u4e3a\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff08Sprop<\/sub>\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u5173\u8282\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08x1<\/sub>\uff0cx2<\/sub>\uff09\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u624b\u6307\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08J1<\/sub>\uff0cJ2<\/sub>\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff08Svisual<\/sub>\uff09\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08v1<\/sub>\uff0cv2<\/sub>\uff09\u548c\u4eae\u5ea6\uff08v3<\/sub>\uff09\u3002\u611f\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5927\u8111\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u5173\u8282\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u76ee\u6807\uff09\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u6765\u6291\u5236\u611f\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7070\u8272\u548c\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u7801\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u671f\u671b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u65b9\u68462\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u6765\u81ea\u611f\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4e0b\u884c\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5728\u624b\u6307\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u5e26<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u7167\u4eae\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u4f1a\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7531\u52a8\u4f5c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u624b\u6307\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u8fc5\u901f\u800c\u5e73\u7a33\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u7eff\u8272\u5706\u5708\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u84dd\u7ebf\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/span>
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ec5\u4ec5\u671f\u671b\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u63a5\u8fd1\u5438\u5f15\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u5f00\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6d89\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790\u5bc6\u5ea6\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08density dynamics\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5148\u9a8c\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u5373\u53ef<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606f S5 \u65b9\u6846\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5750\u5f97\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u65f6\u6362\u4e2a\u59ff\u52bf\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u6b63\u53d1\u6563<\/span>\uff08\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u88ab\u63a8\u7740\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5177\u6709\u8d1f\u7c98\u5ea6\u6216\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56fe3\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u5c71\u5730\u8f66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u6765\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u5236\u63a2\u7d22\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5438\u5f15\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u63a2\u7d22-\u5229\u7528\u6743\u8861 [111,112,113] \u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898[114]\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9690\u542b\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u9a8c\u6765\u8bf1\u5bfc\u52a8\u6001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5de1\u6e38\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08itinerant dynamics\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u8d62\u5bb6\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>\uff08winner-less competition\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027 [115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u534f\u540c\u548c\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528 [5,124,125]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe3. \u5229\u7528\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u5c71\u5730\u8f66\u95ee\u9898\u3002(a) \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5148\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u4f46\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u76ee\u6807\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0d\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\uff09\uff1f\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5c71\u5730\u8f66\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u666f\u89c2\uff08\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e x=\u20130.5 \u5904\u53d6\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5c71\u5730\u8f66\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e x=1\uff0c\u7531\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5708\u6807\u793a\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c\u5728 x=0 \u5904\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u514b\u670d\u5bf9\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u88ab\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u51fd\u6570 \u20131\u2264\u03c3\u22641\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u5927\u4e8e1\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u5de6\u4fa7\u5c71\u5761\u4e2d\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u5230\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u5148\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u70b9\u3002\u5148\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570c(x)\u4e2d\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8d1f\u6469\u64e6\u3002\u5f53\u201c\u6469\u64e6\u201d\u4e3a\u8d1f\u65f6\uff0c\u8f66\u8f86\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u884c\u9a76\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u9644\u5f55S5\u65b9\u6846\uff09\u3002\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\uff1a\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u8868\u793a\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u8017\u6563\uff09\u663e\u793a\u8f66\u8f86\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u666f\u89c2\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6469\u64e6\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u5373\u6210\u672c\u51cf\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8f66\u8f86\u9003\u79bb\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u6eda\u4e0b\u5c71\u5761\uff09\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u7528\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff08\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u3002\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6469\u64e6\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f66\u8f86\u201c\u9884\u671f\u201d\u968f\u7740\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u6216\u5229\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u671f\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u51b3\u7b56<\/span>\uff08\u535a\u5f08\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u6216\u6548\u7528\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6784\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\u4ee5\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7531\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u672c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u907f\u5f00\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u6f14\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7a00\u7f3a\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u71b5<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5e73\u5747\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5438\u5f15<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u6709\u5956\u52b1\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

8. \u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7a81\u51fa\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u8bb8\u591a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u8111\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u5904\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b[18,20,21,25]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5927\u8111\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u539f\u5219\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c42\u6b21\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u611f\u77e5\u5d4c\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u5947\u7279\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4f18\u5316\u5bf9\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d\u6216\u5176\u4e92\u8865\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4ef7\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u9884\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5148\u9a8c\u671f\u671b<\/span>\uff08\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b56\u7565\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u671f\u671b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe4. \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u7b2c\u65b9\u68461\u30012\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8865\u5145\u4fe1\u606fS1\u2013S4\uff08\u65b9\u6846\uff09\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u6709\u4f55\u9884\u793a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u6574\u5408\u5df2\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u591a\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u662f\u7f16\u7801\u5956\u52b1\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u60ca\u5947\u201d[126,127]\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u50cf\u6210\u763e\u3001\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7b49\u72b6\u51b5\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u75c7\u72b6[128]\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u65e7\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5982\u679c\u652f\u6491\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5206\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012[41]\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u5fae\u7535\u8def\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u534f\u8c03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f[129]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9664\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u3001\u5177\u8eab\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u5c0f\u578b\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n

\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff08Free energy\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u91c7\u6837\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u7684\u60ca\u5947\uff08surprise\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u754c\u9650\u6216\u9650\u5236\uff08\u5927\u4e8e\u60ca\u5947\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7a33\u6001\uff08Homeostasis\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6216\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8282\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u71b5\uff08Entropy\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u6216\u5bc6\u5ea6\u91c7\u6837\u6240\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u60ca\u5947\u5ea6\u3002\u71b5\u4f4e\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5bf9\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u71b5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6da8\u843d\u5b9a\u7406\uff08Fluctuation theorem\uff09\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u60ca\u5947\uff08Surprise\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8d1f\u5bf9\u6570\u6982\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c34\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\uff09\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\uff08Attractor\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u540e\u6240\u8d8b\u5411\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u63a5\u8fd1\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u7684\u70b9\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5c0f\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Kullback-Leibler\u6563\u5ea6\uff08Kullback-Leibler divergence\uff09\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u95f4\u975e\u8d1f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u975e\u4ea4\u6362\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bc6\u522b\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08Recognition density\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u63a8\u65ad\u6216\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u6c42\u9006\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Huang, G. Is this a unified theory of the brain?New Scientist 2658, 30\u201333 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Friston K., Kilner, J. & Harrison, L. A free energy principle for the brain. J. Physiol. Paris 100, 70\u201387 (2006).An overview of the free-energy principle that describes its motivation and relationship to generative models and predictive coding. This paper focuses on perception and the neurobiological infrastructures involved.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Ashby, W. R. Principles of the self-organising dynamic system. J. Gen. Psychol. 37, 125\u2013128 (1947).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Nicolis, G. & Prigogine, I. Self\u2011Organisation in Non\u2011 Equilibrium Systems (Wiley, New York, 1977).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Haken, H. Synergistics: an Introduction. Non\u2011 Equilibrium Phase Transition and Self\u2011Organisation in Physics, Chemistry and Biology 3rd edn (Springer, New York, 1983).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Kauffman, S. The Origins of Order: Self\u2011Organization and Selection in Evolution (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1993).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Bernard, C. Lectures on the Phenomena Common to Animals and Plants (Thomas, Springfield, 1974).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    Applebaum, D. Probability and Information: an Integrated Approach (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    Evans, D. J. A non-equilibrium free energy theorem for deterministic systems. Mol. Physics 101, 15551\u201311554 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    Crauel, H. & Flandoli, F. Attractors for random dynamical systems. Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 100, 365\u2013393 (1994).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

    Feynman, R. P. Statistical Mechanics: a Set of Lectures (Benjamin, Reading, Massachusetts, 1972).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

    Hinton, G. E. & von Cramp, D. Keeping neural networks simple by minimising the description length of weights. Proc. 6th Annu. ACM Conf. Computational Learning Theory 5\u201313 (1993).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  13. \n

    MacKay. D. J. C. Free-energy minimisation algorithm for decoding and cryptoanalysis. Electron. Lett. 31, 445\u2013447 (1995).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  14. \n

    Neal, R. M. & Hinton, G. E. in Learning in Graphical Models (ed. Jordan, M. I.) 355\u2013368 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  15. \n

    Itti, L. & Baldi, P. Bayesian surprise attracts human attention. Vision Res. 49, 1295\u20131306 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  16. \n

    Friston, K., Daunizeau, J. & Kiebel, S. Active inference or reinforcement learning? PLoS ONE 4, e6421 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  17. \n

    Knill, D. C. & Pouget, A. The Bayesian brain: the role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation. Trends Neurosci. 27, 712\u2013719 (2004).A nice review of Bayesian theories of perception and sensorimotor control. Its focus is on Bayes optimality in the brain and the implicit nature of neuronal representations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  18. \n

    von Helmholtz, H. in Treatise on Physiological Optics Vol. III 3rd edn (Voss, Hamburg, 1909).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  19. \n

    MacKay, D. M. in Automata Studies (eds Shannon, C. E. & McCarthy, J.) 235\u2013251 (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1956).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  20. \n

    Neisser, U. Cognitive Psychology (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1967).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  21. \n

    Gregory, R. L. Perceptual illusions and brain models. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 171, 179\u2013196 (1968).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  22. \n

    Gregory, R. L. Perceptions as hypotheses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 290, 181\u2013197 (1980).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  23. \n

    Ballard, D. H., Hinton, G. E. & Sejnowski, T. J. Parallel visual computation. Nature 306, 21\u201326 (1983).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  24. \n

    Kawato, M., Hayakawa, H. & Inui, T. A forward-inverse optics model of reciprocal connections between visual areas. Network: Computation in Neural Systems 4, 415\u2013422 (1993).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  25. \n

    Dayan, P., Hinton, G. E. & Neal, R. M. The Helmholtz machine. Neural Comput. 7, 889\u2013904 (1995). This paper introduces the central role of generative models and variational approaches to hierarchical self-supervised learning and relates this to the function of bottom-up and top-down cortical processing pathways.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  26. \n

    Lee, T. S. & Mumford, D. Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 20, 1434\u20131448 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  27. \n

    Kersten, D., Mamassian, P. & Yuille, A. Object perception as Bayesian inference. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 55, 271\u2013304 (2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  28. \n

    Friston, K. J. A theory of cortical responses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 360, 815\u2013836 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  29. \n

    Beal, M. J. Variational Algorithms for Approximate Bayesian Inference. Thesis, University College London (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  30. \n

    Efron, B. & Morris, C. Stein\u2019s estimation rule and its competitors \u2013 an empirical Bayes approach. J. Am. Stats. Assoc. 68, 117\u2013130 (1973).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  31. \n

    Kass, R. E. & Steffey, D. Approximate Bayesian inference in conditionally independent hierarchical models (parametric empirical Bayes models). J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 407, 717\u2013726 (1989).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  32. \n

    Zeki, S. & Shipp, S. The functional logic of cortical connections. Nature 335, 311\u2013317 (1988). Describes the functional architecture of cortical hierarchies with a focus on patterns of anatomical connections in the visual cortex. It emphasizes the role of functional segregation and integration (that is, message passing among cortical areas).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  33. \n

    Felleman, D. J. & Van Essen, D. C. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 1, 1\u201347 (1991).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  34. \n

    Mesulam, M. M. From sensation to cognition. Brain 121, 1013\u20131052 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  35. \n

    Sanger, T. Probability density estimation for the interpretation of neural population codes. J. Neurophysiol. 76, 2790\u20132793 (1996).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  36. \n

    Zemel, R., Dayan, P. & Pouget, A. Probabilistic interpretation of population code. Neural Comput. 10, 403\u2013430 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  37. \n

    Paulin, M. G. Evolution of the cerebellum as a neuronal machine for Bayesian state estimation. J. Neural Eng. 2, S219\u2013S234 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  38. \n

    Ma, W. J., Beck, J. M., Latham, P. E. & Pouget, A. Bayesian inference with probabilistic population codes. Nature Neurosci. 9, 1432\u20131438 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  39. \n

    Friston, K., Mattout, J., Trujillo-Barreto, N., Ashburner, J. & Penny, W. Variational free energy and the Laplace approximation. Neuroimage 34, 220\u2013234 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  40. \n

    Rao, R. P. & Ballard, D. H. Predictive coding in the visual cortex: a functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive field effects. Nature Neurosci. 2, 79\u201387 (1998).Applies predictive coding to cortical processing to provide a compelling account of extra-classical receptive fields in the visual system. It emphasizes the importance of top-down projections in providing predictions, by modelling perceptual inference.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  41. \n

    Mumford, D. On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of cortico-cortical loops. Biol. Cybern. 66, 241\u2013251 (1992).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  42. \n

    Friston, K. Hierarchical models in the brain. PLoS Comput. Biol. 4, e1000211 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  43. \n

    Murray, S. O., Kersten, D., Olshausen, B. A., Schrater, P. & Woods, D. L. Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 15164\u201315169 (2002).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  44. \n

    Garrido, M. I., Kilner, J. M., Kiebel, S. J. & Friston,K. J. Dynamic causal modeling of the response to frequency deviants. J. Neurophysiol. 101, 2620\u20132631 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  45. \n

    Sherman, S. M. & Guillery, R. W. On the actions that one nerve cell can have on another: distinguishing \u201cdrivers\u201d from \u201cmodulators\u201d. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 7121\u20137126 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  46. \n

    Angelucci, A. & Bressloff, P. C. Contribution of feedforward, lateral and feedback connections to the classical receptive field center and extra-classical receptive field surround of primate V1 neurons. Prog. Brain Res. 154, 93\u2013120 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  47. \n

    Grossberg, S. Towards a unified theory of neocortex: laminar cortical circuits for vision and cognition. Prog. Brain Res. 165, 79\u2013104 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  48. \n

    Grossberg, S. & Versace, M. Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits. Brain Res. 1218, 278\u2013312 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  49. \n

    Barlow, H. in Sensory Communication (ed. Rosenblith, W.) 217\u2013234 (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1961).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  50. \n

    Linsker, R. Perceptual neural organisation: some approaches based on network models and information theory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 257\u2013281 (1990).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  51. \n

    Oja, E. Neural networks, principal components, and subspaces. Int. J. Neural Syst. 1, 61\u201368 (1989).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  52. \n

    Bell, A. J. & Sejnowski, T. J. An information maximisation approach to blind separation and blind de-convolution. Neural Comput. 7, 1129\u20131159 (1995).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  53. \n

    Atick, J. J. & Redlich, A. N. What does the retina know about natural scenes? Neural Comput. 4, 196\u2013210 (1992).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  54. \n

    Optican, L. & Richmond, B. J. Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate inferior cortex. III Information theoretic analysis.J. Neurophysiol. 57, 132\u2013146 (1987).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  55. \n

    Olshausen, B. A. & Field, D. J. Emergence of simple- cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature 381, 607\u2013609 (1996).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  56. \n

    Simoncelli, E. P. & Olshausen, B. A. Natural image statistics and neural representation. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 1193\u20131216 (2001).A nice review of information theory in visual processing. It covers natural scene statistics and empirical tests of the efficient coding hypothesis in individual neurons and populations of neurons.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  57. \n

    Friston, K. J. The labile brain. III. Transients and spatio-temporal receptive fields. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 355, 253\u2013265 (2000).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  58. \n

    Bialek, W., Nemenman, I. & Tishby, N. Predictability, complexity, and learning. Neural Comput. 13, 2409\u20132463 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  59. \n

    Lewen, G. D., Bialek, W. & de Ruyter van Steveninck,R. R. Neural coding of naturalistic motion stimuli.Network 12, 317\u2013329 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  60. \n

    Laughlin, S. B. Efficiency and complexity in neural coding. Novartis Found. Symp. 239, 177\u2013187 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  61. \n

    Tipping, M. E. Sparse Bayesian learning and the Relevance Vector Machine. J. Machine Learn. Res. 1, 211\u2013244 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  62. \n

    Paus, T., Keshavan, M. & Giedd, J. N. Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nature Rev. Neurosci. 9, 947\u2013957 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  63. \n

    Gilestro, G. F., Tononi, G. & Cirelli, C. Widespread changes in synaptic markers as a function of sleep and wakefulness in Drosophila. Science 324, 109\u2013112 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  64. \n

    Roweis, S. & Ghahramani, Z. A unifying review of linear Gaussian models. Neural Comput. 11, 305\u2013345 (1999).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  65. \n

    Hebb, D. O. The Organization of Behaviour (Wiley, New York, 1949).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  66. \n

    Paulsen, O. & Sejnowski, T. J. Natural patterns of activity and long-term synaptic plasticity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 172\u2013179 (2000).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  67. \n

    von der Malsburg, C. The Correlation Theory of Brain Function. Internal Report 81\u201382, Dept. Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (1981).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  68. \n

    Singer, W. & Gray, C. M. Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 555\u2013586 (1995).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  69. \n

    Bienenstock, E. L., Cooper, L. N. & Munro, P. W. Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 2, 32\u201348 (1982).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  70. \n

    Abraham, W. C. & Bear, M. F. Metaplasticity: the plasticity of synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 19, 126\u2013130 (1996).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  71. \n

    Pareti, G. & De Palma, A. Does the brain oscillate? The dispute on neuronal synchronization. Neurol. Sci. 25, 41\u201347 (2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  72. \n

    Leutgeb, S., Leutgeb, J. K., Moser, M. B. & Moser, E. I. Place cells, spatial maps and the population code for memory. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 15, 738\u2013746(2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  73. \n

    Durstewitz, D. & Seamans, J. K. Beyond bistability: biophysics and temporal dynamics of working memory. Neuroscience 139, 119\u2013133 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  74. \n

    Anishchenko, A. & Treves, A. Autoassociative memory retrieval and spontaneous activity bumps in small- world networks of integrate-and-fire neurons.J. Physiol. Paris 100, 225\u2013236 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  75. \n

    Abbott, L. F., Varela, J. A., Sen, K. & Nelson, S. B. Synaptic depression and cortical gain control. Science 275, 220\u2013224 (1997).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  76. \n

    Yu, A. J. & Dayan, P. Uncertainty, neuromodulation and attention. Neuron 46, 681\u2013692 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  77. \n

    Doya, K. Metalearning and neuromodulation. Neural Netw. 15, 495\u2013506 (2002).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  78. \n

    Chawla, D., Lumer, E. D. & Friston, K. J. The relationship between synchronization among neuronal populations and their mean activity levels. Neural Comput. 11, 1389\u20131411 (1999).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  79. \n

    Fries, P., Womelsdorf, T., Oostenveld, R. & Desimone, R. The effects of visual stimulation and selective visual attention on rhythmic neuronal synchronization in macaque area V4. J. Neurosci. 28, 4823\u20134835 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  80. \n

    Womelsdorf, T. & Fries, P. Neuronal coherence during selective attentional processing and sensory-motor integration. J. Physiol. Paris 100, 182\u2013193 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  81. \n

    Desimone, R. Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13494\u201313499 (1996).A nice review of mnemonic effects (such as repetition suppression) on neuronal responses and how they bias the competitive interactions between stimulus representations in the cortex. It provides a good perspective on attentional mechanisms in the visual system that is empirically grounded.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  82. \n

    Treisman, A. Feature binding, attention and object perception. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 353, 1295\u20131306 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  83. \n

    Maunsell, J. H. & Treue, S. Feature-based attention in visual cortex. Trends Neurosci. 29, 317\u2013322 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  84. \n

    Spratling, M. W. Predictive-coding as a model of biased competition in visual attention. Vision Res. 48, 1391\u20131408 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  85. \n

    Reynolds, J. H. & Heeger, D. J. The normalization model of attention. Neuron 61, 168\u2013185 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  86. \n

    Schroeder, C. E., Mehta, A. D. & Foxe, J. J. Determinants and mechanisms of attentional modulation of neural processing. Front. Biosci. 6, D672\u2013D684 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  87. \n

    Hirayama, J., Yoshimoto, J. & Ishii, S. Bayesian representation learning in the cortex regulated by acetylcholine. Neural Netw. 17, 1391\u20131400 (2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  88. \n

    Edelman, G. M. Neural Darwinism: selection and reentrant signaling in higher brain function. Neuron 10, 115\u2013125 (1993).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  89. \n

    Knobloch, F. Altruism and the hypothesis of meta- selection in human evolution. J. Am. Acad. Psychoanal. 29, 339\u2013354 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  90. \n

    Friston, K. J., Tononi, G., Reeke, G. N. Jr, Sporns, O. & Edelman, G. M. Value-dependent selection in the brain: simulation in a synthetic neural model. Neuroscience 59, 229\u2013243 (1994).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  91. \n

    Sutton, R. S. & Barto, A. G. Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: expectation and prediction. Psychol. Rev. 88, 135\u2013170 (1981).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  92. \n

    Montague, P. R., Dayan, P., Person, C. & Sejnowski,T. J. Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive Hebbian learning. Nature 377, 725\u2013728 (1995).A computational treatment of behaviour that combines ideas from optimal control theory and dynamic programming with the neurobiology of reward. This provided an early example of value learning in the brain.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  93. \n

    Schultz, W. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 1\u201327 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  94. \n

    Daw, N. D. & Doya, K. The computational neurobiology of learning and reward. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16, 199\u2013204 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  95. \n

    Redgrave, P. & Gurney, K. The short-latency dopamine signal: a role in discovering novel actions? Nature Rev. Neurosci. 7, 967\u2013975 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  96. \n

    Berridge, K. C. The debate over dopamine\u2019s role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 191, 391\u2013431 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  97. \n

    Sella, G. & Hirsh, A. E. The application of statistical physics to evolutionary biology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 9541\u20139546 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  98. \n

    Rescorla, R. A. & Wagner, A. R. in Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory (eds Black, A. H. & Prokasy, W. F.) 64\u201399 (Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1972).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  99. \n

    Bellman, R. On the Theory of Dynamic Programming.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 38, 716\u2013719 (1952).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  100. \n

    Watkins, C. J. C. H. & Dayan, P. Q-learning. Mach. Learn. 8, 279\u2013292 (1992).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  101. \n

    Todorov, E. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (eds Scholkopf, B., Platt, J. & Hofmann T.) 19, 1369\u20131376 (MIT Press, 2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  102. \n

    Camerer, C. F. Behavioural studies of strategic thinking in games. Trends Cogn. Sci. 7, 225\u2013231 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  103. \n

    Smith, J. M. & Price, G. R. The logic of animal conflict.Nature 246, 15\u201318 (1973).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  104. \n

    Nash, J. Equilibrium points in n-person games.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 36, 48\u201349 (1950).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  105. \n

    Wolpert, D. M. & Miall, R. C. Forward models for physiological motor control. Neural Netw. 9, 1265\u20131279 (1996).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  106. \n

    Todorov, E. & Jordan, M. I. Smoothness maximization along a predefined path accurately predicts the speed profiles of complex arm movements. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 696\u2013714 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  107. \n

    Tseng, Y. W., Diedrichsen, J., Krakauer, J. W., Shadmehr, R. & Bastian, A. J. Sensory prediction- errors drive cerebellum-dependent adaptation of reaching. J. Neurophysiol. 98, 54\u201362 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  108. \n

    Bays, P. M. & Wolpert, D. M. Computational principles of sensorimotor control that minimize uncertainty and variability. J. Physiol. 578, 387\u2013396 (2007).A nice overview of computational principles in motor control. Its focus is on representing uncertainty and optimal estimation when extracting the sensory information required for motor planning.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  109. \n

    Shadmehr, R. & Krakauer, J. W. A computational neuroanatomy for motor control. Exp. Brain Res. 185, 359\u2013381 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  110. \n

    Verschure, P. F., Voegtlin, T. & Douglas, R. J. Environmentally mediated synergy between perception and behaviour in mobile robots. Nature 425, 620\u2013624 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  111. \n

    Cohen, J. D., McClure, S. M. & Yu, A. J. Should I stay or should I go? How the human brain manages the trade-off between exploitation and exploration. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 362, 933\u2013942 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  112. \n

    Ishii, S., Yoshida, W. & Yoshimoto, J. Control of exploitation-exploration meta-parameter in reinforcement learning. Neural Netw. 15, 665\u2013687 (2002).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  113. \n

    Usher, M., Cohen, J. D., Servan-Schreiber, D., Rajkowski, J. & Aston-Jones, G. The role of locus coeruleus in the regulation of cognitive performance. Science 283, 549\u2013554 (1999).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  114. \n

    Voigt, C. A., Kauffman, S. & Wang, Z. G. Rational evolutionary design: the theory of in vitro protein evolution. Adv. Protein Chem. 55, 79\u2013160 (2000).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  115. \n

    Freeman, W. J. Characterization of state transitions in spatially distributed, chaotic, nonlinear, dynamical systems in cerebral cortex. Integr. Physiol. Behav. Sci. 29, 294\u2013306 (1994).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  116. \n

    Tsuda, I. Toward an interpretation of dynamic neural activity in terms of chaotic dynamical systems. Behav. Brain Sci. 24, 793\u2013810 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  117. \n

    Jirsa, V. K., Friedrich, R., Haken, H. & Kelso, J. A.A theoretical model of phase transitions in the human brain. Biol. Cybern. 71, 27\u201335 (1994).This paper develops a theoretical model (based on synergetics and nonlinear oscillator theory) that reproduces observed dynamics and suggests a formulation of biophysical coupling among brain systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  118. \n

    Breakspear, M. & Stam, C. J. Dynamics of aneural system with a multiscale architecture. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 360, 1051\u20131074 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  119. \n

    Bressler, S. L. & Tognoli, E. Operational principles of neurocognitive networks. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 60, 139\u2013148 (2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  120. \n

    Werner, G. Brain dynamics across levels of organization. J. Physiol. Paris 101, 273\u2013279 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  121. \n

    Pasquale, V., Massobrio, P., Bologna, L. L., Chiappalone, M. & Martinoia, S. Self-organization and neuronal avalanches in networks of dissociated cortical neurons. Neuroscience 153, 1354\u20131369 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  122. \n

    Kitzbichler, M. G., Smith, M. L., Christensen, S. R. & Bullmore, E. Broadband criticality of human brain network synchronization. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000314 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  123. \n

    Rabinovich, M., Huerta, R. & Laurent, G. Transient dynamics for neural processing. Science 321 48\u201350 (2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  124. \n

    Tschacher, W. & Hake, H. Intentionality in non- equilibrium systems? The functional aspects of self- organised pattern formation. New Ideas Psychol. 25, 1\u201315 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  125. \n

    Maturana, H. R. & Varela, F. De m\u00e1quinas y seres vivos (Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 1972). English translation available in Maturana, H. R. & Varela, F. in Autopoiesis and Cognition (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1980).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  126. \n

    Fiorillo, C. D., Tobler, P. N. & Schultz, W. Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science 299, 1898\u20131902 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  127. \n

    Niv, Y., Duff, M. O. & Dayan, P. Dopamine, uncertainty and TD learning. Behav. Brain Funct. 1, 6 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  128. \n

    Fletcher, P. C. & Frith, C. D. Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 10, 48\u201358 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  129. \n

    Phillips, W. A. & Silverstein, S. M. Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia. Behav. Brain Sci. 26, 65\u201382 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  130. \n

    Friston, K. & Kiebel, S. Cortical circuits for perceptual inference. Neural Netw. 22, 1093\u20131104 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u5b66\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    Karl Friston<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\uff08UCL\uff09\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u53c2\u6570\u6620\u5c04\uff08SPM\uff09\u3001\u4f53\u7d20\u7ea7\u5f62\u6001\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08VBM\uff09\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u56e0\u679c\u5efa\u6a21\uff08DCM\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u91cf\u539f\u7406\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    Friston 2016\u5e74\u88ab Semantic Scholar \u8bc4\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5341\u5927\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9996\uff0ch-index \u9ad8\u8fbe 272\u30022017\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u777f\u552f\u5b89\u5c06\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u4e09\u5927\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc72010\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature Review Neuroscience<\/em> \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u5728 Friston \u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fbe7745\uff0c\u4e14\u4ecd\u5728\u9010\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    Karl Friston \u6b64\u524d\u505a\u5ba2\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span>\u505a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u903b\u8f91<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def\u8d70\u5411\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7edf\u4e00\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u53ef\u89c2\u770b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u56de\u653e\u89c6\u9891\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u626b\u7801\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u56de\u653e<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6591\u56fe\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/pattern.swarma.org\/study_group_issue\/667<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u901a\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span>\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u9080\u8bf7\u5230Karl Friston\u3001\u6556\u5e73\u3001\u725f\u7267\u4e91\u3001\u5f20\u6b63\u6cc9\u3001\u5f20\u5fb7\u7965\u3001\u9648\u6e5b\u3001\u4f55\u771f\u3001\u7f57\u51e1\u660e\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span>\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    1. <\/strong>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u539f\u7406<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2. <\/strong>\u300a\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u8d85\u7ea7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5bfc\u8bed \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u6700\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u51fa\u53d1\u89e3\u91ca\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5019\u9009\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002 \u8fd9\u7bc72010\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature Reviews Neuroscience \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u8bba…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":51043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51054"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51054\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/51043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51054"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=51054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}