{"id":51193,"date":"2024-07-03T22:41:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51193"},"modified":"2024-07-03T22:41:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T14:41:51","slug":"%e4%b8%87%e5%ad%97%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%a7%e4%b8%80%e7%bb%9f%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e8%a6%81%e6%9d%a5%e4%ba%86%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51193","title":{"rendered":"\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u6765\u4e86\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aSalvador Dali<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Johan F.Storm\u7b49<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4e39\u96c0<\/span> <\/span>| \u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u8ffd\u95eenextquestion<\/span> <\/span>| \u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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Storm, Johan F., et al. “An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness.” Neuron 112.10 (2024): 1531-1552.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5fc3\u8111\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5927\u8111\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[1-3]\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u8bae<\/span>\uff08\u5982Seth & Bayne[4]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf8\u5982\u7531Templeton\u4e16\u754c\u6148\u5584\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d5e\u52a9\u7684Cogitate\u8054\u76df[5]\u7b49\u201c\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5df2\u7136\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u503e\u5411\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u522b\u6837\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5b83\u6e90\u8d77\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u201c\u4eba\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d<\/span>\uff08HBP\uff1b2013-2023\uff09<\/span>\u5185\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u58f0\u79f0\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5404\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8d8b\u540c\u4e4b\u6001\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51e0\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u548c\u4e92\u8865\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u88ab\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
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\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u591f\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6307\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9189\u671f\u95f4\u6216\u56e0\u4e25\u91cd\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u53cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6 2\uff1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
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\u5728\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f17\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u7528\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08explananda\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u7a81\u663e\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f80\u5f80\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6982\u5ff5\u6df7\u6dc6\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u5021\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u6bd4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08AC\uff09<\/span>[19]\uff08\u8868 1\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u5229\u7528\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u4f53\u9a8c\u76f8\u5bf9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u8138\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08PC\uff09<\/span>[19]\uff0c\u5373\u4f53\u9a8c\u67d0\u4e8b\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\u201d[18]\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u62a5\u544a\u3002[50],[51]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c[1]\u5373\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u201c\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5927\u8111\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\u4f1a\u5728\u65e0\u68a6\u7761\u7720\u6216\u9ebb\u9189\u671f\u95f4\u6d88\u5931<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u53c2\u89c1 Sevenius Nilsenet al.\u7684\u7814\u7a76[52]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u611f\u53d7\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8138\uff01\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4fbf\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u89c6\u4f5c\u6b21\u8981\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u3002[7],[12],[13],[27],[53]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002[54]\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u56de\u8def\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u76ae\u8d28-\u76ae\u8d28\u548c\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u8d28\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8def\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7531\u6811\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002[57],[14],[54]<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7279\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u800c\u8a00\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u3002[55]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u72b6\u6001\/\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c[28],[16]\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e00\u81f4\u3002[12],[14],[56]\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u72b6\u6001\/\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u652f\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\uff081\uff09\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\n

\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08GWT\uff09<\/span>[58]\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u5f97\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u88ab\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fbf\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8111\u533a\u5185\u6216\u8de8\u8111\u533a\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u56de\u8def\u652f\u6301\u6301\u4e45\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002[20]\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u957f\u7a0b\u76ae\u5c42\u6295\u5c04\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u76ae\u5c42II\/III\u548cV\/VI\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u4e2d\u53cd\u9988\u6548\u5e94\u4e5f\u6700\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002[81-84]\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6301\u4e45\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u56de\u54cd\u73af\u8def\u6d89\u53ca\u76ae\u5c42-\u76ae\u5c42\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u4e18\u8111\u548c\u5c0f\u8111\u6838\u7b49\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0b\u533a\u57df\uff0c[85-86]\u8fd9\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u957f\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u81f4\u3002[87]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\u56fe1. \u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff08GNWT\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
(A)\u5728GNWT\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ee5\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\uff09\u5728\u672a\u4e0e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u5373\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u7ea2\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
(B)\u5f53\u672c\u5730\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\uff08\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u4ece\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4ee5\u84dd\u8272\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f46\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\uff08\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u95e8\u63a7\u201d\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff08\u6a59\u8272\u8282\u70b9\uff1b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b\u89c1\u56fe3\u30014\u30015\u30016\u548c7)\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u7528\u7ec6\u9ed1\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u7528\u7c97\uff08\u5f69\u8272\uff09\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n


<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08IIT\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7701\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u3002[50]\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u5148\u7684\u601d\u8def\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u57281998\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002[88]\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u5185\u7701\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u65e2\u662f\u6574\u5408\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u53c8\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u540e\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6574\u5408\u548c\u5206\u5316\u7684\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u6574\u5408\uff1a\u4e00\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u7c07\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u5185\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4e92\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

2. \u5206\u5316\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7c07\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u503c\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86IIT\u65e9\u671f\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c[89],[90]\u5b83\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5f31IIT\u201d\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c[91]\u5e76\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

1. \u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u89e3\u5256\u8981\u6c42<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4fa7\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u6298\u8fd4\u73af\u8def\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u533a\u57df\u652f\u6301\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6216\u524d\u9988\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

2. \u540c\u6b65\u6216\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5206\u5316\u6216\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

3. \u5728\u89e3\u5256\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5f71\u54cd\u6298\u8fd4\u3001\u6574\u5408\u548c\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7761\u7720\u3001\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9189\u548c\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u766b\u75eb\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

4. \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u5b98\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e92\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

5. \u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u8111\u5185\u56e0\u679c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u3002[92]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768420\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u9884\u6d4b\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u6e05\u9192\u3001\u7761\u7720\u3001\u505a\u68a6\u3001\u8ff7\u5e7b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u766b\u75eb\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u969c\u788d\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u524d\u666f<\/span>\uff08\u7efc\u8ff0\u89c1 Sarasso[32];\u53e6\u89c1[\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc61]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8868\u8ff0[93],[94]\u5728\u51764.0\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c[95]\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5185\u5728\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6574\u5408\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u65e8\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u8fd8\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u9610\u91ca\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u8d28\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002[50]<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d3b\u8dc3\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5206\u533a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5143\u7d20\u5b50\u96c6\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u4ece\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56fe2.\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u201c\u7c7b\u8111\u201d\u57fa\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u5728\u6e05\u9192\u6216\u505a\u68a6\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u540e\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7531\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u8d28\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u7070\u8272\u8868\u793a\u6c89\u9ed8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6270\u52a8\uff08\u95ea\u7535\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u548c\u89c2\u6d4b\uff08\u773c\u775b\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\uff08TPM\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cdTPM\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5272\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u526a\u5200\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u5185\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u9ad8\u03a6\u503c\uff09\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u7684\u533a\u5206\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8 \u03a6 (A) \u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u201c\u5206\u89e3\u201d\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u7070\u7ebf\u7684\u201c\u5cf0\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u03a6\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\/\u6216\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u524d\u9988\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8111\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u5b9a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u7684\u03a6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a (1) \u5177\u6709\u4fa7\u5411\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u6536\u655b-\u53d1\u6563\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u72b6\u76ae\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5728\u540e\u76ae\u8d28\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u9002\u5408\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u8d28\uff1b[96]\u5e76\u4e14  (2) \u73b0\u8c61\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b[97] (3) \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u683c\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e5f\u50cf\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff1b(4) \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6216\u524d\u9988\u67b6\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u3002[94]<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n
\uff083\uff09\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08RPT\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5faa\u73af<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u56de\u8fd4\uff09<\/span>\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08RP\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002Victor Lamme\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c[98-100]\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u8bba[27],[101],[102]\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5b83\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u4ea4\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff0c\u4e0a\u65b9\u6c34\u5e73\u7bad\u5934\u548c\u5de6\u4fa7\u5782\u76f4\u7bad\u5934\uff09<\/span>[8]\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u56fe\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba[103]\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u65e0\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56fe3.\u89c6\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff08RPT\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

(A-D) \u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09\u89c6\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u524d\u9988\uff08FF\uff09\u548c\u5faa\u73af\uff08RP\uff09\u611f\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff081-4\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\uff08PC\uff09\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\uff08AC\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e RPT \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u56fe\u4ec5\u8bf4\u660e\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1RPT\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff08\u9636\u6bb51-4\u3001PC\u4e0eAC\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u89c9\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53c2\u89c1Dembski \u7b49\uff09[43]\u3002(A\u2013D)\u9636\u6bb5 1\u20134\uff1a\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\uff08A\u548cB\uff09\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n

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\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3A-3D\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u524d\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5173\u8054\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u3002[19]\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u5c06\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3C\u548c3D\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5c06\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5[8],[25],[105]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c 1 \u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5c40\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u6d45\u8868\uff09<\/span>\u524d\u9988\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u524d\u9988\u6ce2<\/span>\uff08FFS\uff0c\u7ea6100\u2013200\u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u643a\u5e26\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u521d\u7ea7\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u63d0\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u9608\u4e0b\u201d\u5904\u7406[106]\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6[27],[102],[105]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3A\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cFFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u76ae\u8d28\u5c42\u5f15\u53d1\u201c\u975e\u524d\u9988\u201d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u4fa7\u5411\u6216\u6c34\u5e73\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u7b2c3\u548c\u7b2c4\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7b2c 2 \u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u53d7\u5230\u6ce8\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u5168\u5c40<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u6df1\u5c42\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u524d\u9988\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7684FFS\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b<\/span>\uff08\u7ea6200\u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u5373\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51fb\u6253\u7f51\u7403<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3B\uff09<\/span>\uff0c[27],[102]\u800c\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u5e76\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5c40\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u6d45\u8868\uff09<\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u672a\u88ab\u63a9\u853d\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u8179\u4fa7\u89c6\u89c9\u901a\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c[107]\u5f15\u8d77\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c[19]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u610f\u5473\u7740\u611f\u89c9\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3C\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b2c 4 \u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6df1\u5c42\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3D\uff09<\/span>\uff0c[27],[102],[105]\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u6587\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c4\u9636\u6bb5\uff09<\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c40\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c3\u9636\u6bb5\uff09<\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u624d\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u5176\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u800c\u5168\u5c40\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u3001\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span>\uff08WM\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u611f\u89c9<\/span>\uff08\u56fe\u50cf\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8106\u5f31\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span>\uff08SM\uff0cFM\uff1b0.1\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u8986\u76d6[105]\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u65e0\u610f\u89c6\u76f2\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u89c6\u76f2\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u5c55\u793a\u540e\u88ab\u8bd5\u53ea\u80fd\u62a5\u544a\u5c11\u6570\u89c6\u89c9\u9879\u76ee<\/span>\uff08\u5728 WM\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff09<\/span>[108]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7531\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u652f\u6301\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u63a9\u853d\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u89c6\u76f2\u3001\u65e0\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u95ea\u70c1\u3001\u5ffd\u89c6\u548c\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c[8],[101],[102],[105]\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u671f<\/span>\uff08<200 \u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08ERP\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u89c6\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u8d1f\u6027\uff1bVAN\uff09<\/span>\u4f3c\u4e4e<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c3\u9636\u6bb5[104]\uff09<\/span>\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u665a\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u7ea6300\u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u9633\u6027<\/span>\uff08LP\uff09<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08P300\/P3b[29]\uff09<\/span>\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7b2c4\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3D\uff09<\/span>\uff0c[102],[105]\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4[28]\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u4f4d\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u89c9\u6a21\u6001\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u6620\u611f\u89c9\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u611f\u77e5\u610f\u8bc6\u8d1f\u6027<\/span>\uff08PAN\uff09<\/span>[43]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u201c\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c[8],[102]\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u533a\u5206\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u51e0\u9879\u770b\u4f3c\u9a73\u65a5\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6311\u6218\uff0c[8],[19]\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fdc\u6bd4\u610f\u8bc6\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5355\u9760\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u610f\u8bc6[102]\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u660e\u663e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u68a6\u7761\u7720\u3001\u9ebb\u9189\u3001\u660f\u8ff7\uff09<\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931[102] [52]\u3002Lamme\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6210\u5206\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d6b\u5e03\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u201c\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u201d\u524d\u9988\u5904\u7406[8],[109]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u611f\u77e5\u5b66\u4e60[101],[102]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\uff084\uff09\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08PP\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4ee5\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08NREP\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u53d6\u6216\u590d\u5236\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6307\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u201c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u5730\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u76ae\u8d28-\u4e18\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e14\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u548c\u68a6\u5883\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u5f81\u3002[13]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u672c\u8eab<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6a59\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u6a59\u8272\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u8111\u5916\u90e8\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u201c\u6295\u5c04\u201d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u91c7\u7528\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u5219\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u4e8e\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684[12],[13],[53]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u540c\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u52a8\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u201c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3[10],[110]\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e0d\u662f[12],[110],[111]\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5171\u540c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u5316\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4e16\u754c<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c[12],[13],[53]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u201c\u6982\u89c8\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u6001\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u611f\u89c9\u6574\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u79bb\u5171\u540c\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u6001\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u6001\u88ab\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e3a\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u89c8\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9-\u76ae\u8d28\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span>\uff08\u8eaf\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u524d\u9988\/\u53cd\u9988\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528[13]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5355\u4e00\u6a21\u6001\u5185\u7684\u524d\u9988\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6a21\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u957f\u7a0b\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u9700[112]\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u53cd\u5e94\u6ce2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c Allen\u7b49[113]\u548cOude Lohuis\u7b49[114],[115]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u63a8\u7406\u201d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u5f02\u6784\u5c42\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf[116-118]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4.\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08NREP\uff09\u3002NREP \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u5f81\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7c73\u5c14\uff08Vermeer\uff09\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\u300a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff08The Astronomer\uff09\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u5728\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08D \u4e2d\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1b\u5728\u5c0f\u9f20\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1 Montijn et al. [119]\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5947\u5f02\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\uff1a\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u989c\u8272\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u8868\u793a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u5355\u5cf0\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1b\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C\uff09\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8054\u5408\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u6001\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8de8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u5de6\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff08AUD\uff1a\u542c\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\uff1bMTL\uff1a\u5185\u4fa7\u989e\u53f6\uff1bPPC\uff1a\u540e\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff1bSOM\uff1a\u4f53\u611f\u76ae\u5c42\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\uff1aMOT\uff1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\uff1bPFC\uff0c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u53f3\u56fe\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u8d28\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6267\u884c\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u56fe\u6539\u7f16\u81ea Pennartz[13]\u548cPennartz et al.[112]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u5f81\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5c42\u6b21\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ec5\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u6216\u603b\u91cf\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u57fa\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5c42\u6b21\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3\u96c6\u7fa4\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u5355\u6a21\u6001\u53ca\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

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\uff085\uff09\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08DIT\uff09<\/span>[14],[56],[120]\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u76ae\u5c42\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ca\u5176\u6811\u7a81\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u5f97\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u76ae\u5c42\u95f4\u53ca\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u6c47\u805a\u70b9\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u516d\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b\u6295\u5c04<\/span>\uff08\u7aef\u8111\u5916\uff0cET\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c42<\/span>\uff08L5\uff09<\/span>\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1. L5\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u5230\u8fbe\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u533a\u5ba4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7206\u53d1\u653e\u7535\u3002[120-122]<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u6291\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6811\u7a81\u72b6\u9499\u5c16\u5cf0[dendritic calcium spikes]\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002[123]
<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u6291\u5236 L5 \u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0b\u9776\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002[124]
<\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u9ebb\u9189\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e27\u5931\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u4e0e\u57fa\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u76f8\u5173\u3002[125]
<\/span><\/section>\n
5. \u6291\u5236\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111\u4f1a\u4f7f\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u4e0e\u57fa\u6811\u7a81\u9694\u5ba4\u89e3\u8026\u3002[125]
<\/span><\/section>\n

6. \u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u72b6\u6001\u63a7\u5236 L5 \u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u8026\u5408\u3002[125]<\/span>
<\/p>\n


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\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u5411\u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u9876\u8f74\uff0c\u662f\u76ae\u5c42\u95f4\u548c\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u652f\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002[14],[56],[57]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9bL5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6811\u7a81\u4e2d\u7a81\u89e6\u8f93\u5165\u6574\u5408\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u6b64\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c1\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28L5\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u2014\u2014\u9876\u533a\u548c\u57fa\u533a\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5206\u79bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u201c\u6cc4\u6f0f\u201d\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9876\u533a\u4e0e\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u533a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d3b\u52a8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\u7a81\u4e2d\u7535\u538b\u654f\u611f\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765[121],[122]\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6291\u5236\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6811\u7a81\u6811\u7684\u4e9a\u533a\u4e0a\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u3002[126]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u9996\u5148\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u533a\u4e3b\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u524d\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u5904\u7406L5\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u67f1\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u611f\u5b98\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u9876\u533a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u76ae\u5c42\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u6240\u9700\u7684\u591a\u533a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u63a8\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002[14],[120],[127]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8bed\u4e49\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u9876\u533a\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8bb0\u5fc6\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002[128],[129]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u6295\u5c04\u7ef4\u6301\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u548c\u57fa\u6811\u7a81\u4e4b\u95f4\u8026\u5408\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u76ae\u5c42\u95f4\u548c\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u73af\u8def\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u9ebb\u9189\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4e27\u5931\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002[14]<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u5411\u6ce8\u610f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u76ae\u5c42\u67f1\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u8026\u5408\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u540e\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8026\u5408\u3002\u6291\u5236\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u8026\u5408\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u505a\u68a6\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002[130]<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56fe5.\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba (DIT)\u3002DIT\u63d0\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u673a\u5236\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u76ae\u8d28\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u6574\u5408\u6765\u81ea\u9876\u7aef\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u6811\u7a81\u533a\u5ba4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u95e8\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u5de6\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8026\u5408\u673a\u5236\u63a7\u5236\u4e18\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u95e8\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111\uff0c\u4e18\u8111\u672c\u8eab\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u4e2d\u76ae\u8d28\u5c42\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u9876\u7aef\u6811\u7a81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e18\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u6811\u7a81\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u76ae\u5c42\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9\u3002\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u5bf9\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9\uff08\u9876\u7aef\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u8026\u5408\u533a\uff09\u7684\u7834\u574f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u95f4\u7684\u878d\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5173\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53e6\u89c1\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc63\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4e9a\uff09<\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5185\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fa8\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u5171\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6 3\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u8fdb\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6574\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u771f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u533a\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u7126\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff08GNWT\uff09\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff08RPT\uff09\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08PP\/NREP\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff08DIT\uff09\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u4f53\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\uff08IIT\uff09\u5219\u5c06\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u8d28\u652f\u6301\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u57fa\u8d28\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8303\u56f4[95]\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u89c1Tononi\u548cKoch[131]\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u4ee5\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5e03\uff08GNWT\uff09\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff08RPT\uff09\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\uff08PP\u3001DIT \u548c NREP\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u60c5\u5883\u8c03\u67e5\uff08NREP\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5982Pennartz[12-13]\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u56fe1-7\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u9e3f\u6c9f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u96be\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u89c1\u6b63\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u518d\u5904\u7406\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u7406\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ea6\u675f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u8d28\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c[132-133]\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6d88\u606f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5916\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u610f\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u201d\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\uff08\u5982Pennartz[12]\uff0cChalmers [15]\u548cSearle [134]\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u7a7f\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u754f\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u96f7\u533a\uff1f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u70b9\u3002Templeton \u4e16\u754c\u6148\u5584\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9GNWT\u3001IIT\u3001PP\/NREP\u548c RPT\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u8868\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c[5]\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u7a7a\u95f4\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u53c2\u89c1<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.templetonworldcharity.org\/projects-database\/0646\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\uff08\u56feC\u5e95\u90e8\uff09\u7531\u76ae\u8d28\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u9876\u7aef\u6811\u7a81\u653e\u5927\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u6811\u7a81\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u5c16\u5cf0\u548c\u6811\u7a81-\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8026\u5408\uff09\u88ab\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff08DIT\uff09\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u672a\u5177\u4f53\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u201cALL\u201d\u6697\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u901a\u70b9\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u662f\u76ae\u8d28\u5fae\u7535\u8def\uff08\u56feC\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a[138]\uff09\u548c\u76ae\u8d28-\u4e18\u8111\u73af\u8def\uff08\u56feC\uff0cHO\uff1a\u9ad8\u9636\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\uff08\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff09\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08B\uff09\u591a\u533a\u57df\u6c34\u5e73\u7531\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u76ae\u5c42[139]\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u6700\u597d\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u56de\u8def\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e9a\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5[13],[140]\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u5f00\u59cb\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe5-6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6574\u5408\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6574\u5408\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u76ae\u5c42-\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u73af\u8def\u7684\u5173\u952e\u67a2\u7ebd<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe6 C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u3001\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28L5\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u8026\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5230\u8fbe\u9876\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f7f\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u5408\u3002[14],[125]\u6839\u636e\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u786e\u4fdd\u6574\u4e2a\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u6574\u5408\u3002[56]\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76ae\u5c42-\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u6d3b\u9ad8\u9636\u4e18\u8111\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002[14],[57]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6839\u636e\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5168\u5c40\u52a8\u6001\u3002[130]\u5982\u679c L5 \u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8131\u8026<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9ebb\u9189\u6216\u65e0\u68a6\u7761\u7720\u671f\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5168\u5c40\u534f\u8c03\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u5728\u76ae\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u73af\u8def\u3002[130]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u8111\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7fMRI\u3001EEG\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5728\u4e9a\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002[14]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8131\u8026\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e3b\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u5185\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u03a6\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u610f\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u3002[7]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5efa\u6a21\u4e00\u81f4\u3002[54]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5fae\u56de\u8def\u5185[147]\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u201d\u548c\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u9002\u5e94\u3002[20]\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u8d21\u732e\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u201d\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282L5\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u67f1\u5185\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5305\u62ecL2\/3\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6d45\u5c42\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u8868\u793a<\/span>\uff08\u9884\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8bef\u5dee\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800cL5\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[23],[118],[135]\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u6291\u7d20\u9633\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u8bef\u5dee\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[148],[149]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u89c6\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u5185\u548c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\uff0c[150-152]Lamme\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u4f7fLamme\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u3002[102]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>\uff08AC\uff09<\/span>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u201d\u548c\u56de\u54cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002[28]\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u957f\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684L2\/3\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684L5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e0e\u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002Dehaene\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c[153]\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u72b6\u524d\u9988\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u8d28\u67f1\uff0c\u7528P300\u6ce2\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u77ac\u76f2\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b[154]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u56de\u8def\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08AC\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u6682\u7684<\/span>\uff08<1 \u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u611f\u77e5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\/\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08RP\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u03a6\u4ee5\u201c\u91cf\u5316\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u524d\u9988\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u03a6=0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f3a\u4e4f\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08PC\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5916\u5728\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u03a6>0\uff09<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u533a\u5206[94-95]<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u53c2\u89c1Doerig[155]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u8fde\u63a5\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u56de\u8def\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u03a6\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u03a6\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u5185\u56e0\u679c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u56de\u8def\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc63\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Haun\u548cTononi\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6676\u683c\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u683c\u72b6\u201d\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u3002[97]\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u683c\u72b6\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u7a7a\u95f4\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u5e03\u5c40<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1Knierim\u548cVan Essen[156]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3b\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f53\u9a8c\u6e90\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6846\u67b6<\/span>\uff08\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u5750\u6807\u3001\u5934\u9885\u5750\u6807\u548c\u5f02\u4e2d\u5fc3[12]\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u5916\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u8fd8\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u7684\u5524\u9192\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u610f\u8bc6\u201c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e00[157]\u201d\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1Hill\u3001Tononi[158] Laureys[159]\u548cBayne[160]\uff09<\/span>\u7ecf\u5386\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u66f4\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u72b6\u6001\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u6216\u542f\u7528\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/span>\u3002[16]\u9ebb\u9189\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u201c\u5524\u9192\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5df2\u5728\u4e18\u8111-\u76ae\u8d28\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\uff0c[158]\u5e76\u4e14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u81f4\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c1a\u672a\u5305\u62ec\u6811\u7a81\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08DIT\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u5236\u6548\u5e94\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u76ae\u8d28\u5207\u7247<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4e2d\u5c3a\u5ea6[36]\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\u7248\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570<\/span>\uff08PCI\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc61\uff1b\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u65ad\u5927\u8111\u5207\u7247\u548c\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u8d1f\u8d23\u5927\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u6062\u590d\u3002[161]<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\uff083\uff09\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u591a\u533a\u57df\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u5c42\u6df1\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u8111\u533a\u4e0e\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8111\u673a\u5236\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u56de\u987e\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5904\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\u89c6\u89c9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u5f3a\u8c03\u540e\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u57df\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u6795\u53f6\u3001\u9876\u53f6\u548c\u989e\u53f6\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u9ad8\u5c42\u548c\u4f4e\u5c42\u89c6\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u56de\u8fd4\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08reentrant interaction\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u03a6\u503c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u540e\u76ae\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u70ed\u70b9\u533a\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u8fbe\u5230[78],[95]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u89c6\u89c9\u59cb\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5c42\u7ea7\u5185\u524d\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u6d41<\/span>\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u56de\u8fd4\u4fe1\u53f7\u6d41<\/span>\uff08\u4f20\u9012\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u9884\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c[23],[141],[135]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Heeger[162]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5207\u6362\u7684\u8111\u533a\u5b50\u96c6\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u524d\u9988\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u88ab\u8bd5\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4e9a\u6a21\u6001[12],[88]\u3002\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8fbe\u5230\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5168\u5c40\u56de\u8fd4\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u6548\u5e94\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u8d28\u5c42\u7ea7\u5185\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c6\u89c9<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u8fd8\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u524d\u989d\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684[102]\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u8c03\u8282\u6ce8\u610f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u524d\u989d-\u9876\u53f6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[102,105]\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5927\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u4f4e\u51b3\u7b56\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u88ab\u8bd5\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Kanai\u7b49[166]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff084\uff09\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u9988\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u8fde\u63a5\u7d27\u5bc6\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u3002[32],[168],[169]\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u539f\u59cb\u6982\u5ff5\u03a6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3[89],[90]\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u6210\u719f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5360\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002[95]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ea6\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\u4fbf\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521d\u7248\u5e76\u672a\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u6216\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u989d-\u9876\u53f6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u53caP3b\u6ce2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027[30],[170]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u7eb3\u5165\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6a21\u5757\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u3002[171]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u201d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201c\u6a21\u62df\u201d\u3002[12],[13],[175],[176]\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5b9a\u6027\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u3001\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6df1\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u3002[13],[53]\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002[32]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8d8b\u540c\uff0c[88]\u8fd1\u6765\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u53cd\u5e94\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a[170],[177],[178]<\/span>\uff08\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc61\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u5c55\u5f00<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u9885\u5916\u548c\u9885\u5185\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269[38],[169],[179-181]\u548c\u76ae\u5c42\u5207\u7247\u3002[182]\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8054\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e2d\u89c2\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u6216\u8bb8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u9762\u4f53\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6b64\u60c5\u6b64\u666f\uff0c\u4f3c\u53ef\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u4e92\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u4ecd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u6839\u672c\u9650\u5236\u3002[12],[190]\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u53d1\u660e\u786e\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5171\u540c\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u901a\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u8bbf\u95ee\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u8ff0\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4ea6\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e14\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u5730\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5982\u6270\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570<\/span>\uff08PCI\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e2e\u52a9\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u969c\u788d\u7684\u65e0\u53cd\u5e94\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u533a\u5206\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u524d\u666f<\/span>\uff08\u5982Demertzi[170]Casarotto[177]\u548cFarisco[191]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u6216\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7531\u7ecf\u9885\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65f6\u7a7a\u7535\u8111\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5faa\u73af\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5173\uff0c[174],[192]\u800c\u5728\u6162\u6ce2\u7761\u7720\u548c\u9ebb\u9189\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u5982Steriade[161]\u548cOlcese[193]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPCI\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u517c\u5bb9\u3002[13-14],[102],[171]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u573a\u7535\u4f4d\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8bc6\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u5cf0\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002[194]\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\/\u795e\u7ecf\u8868\u5f81\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u89e3\u7801\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1Goltstein[195]\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc62\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u671b\u4ece\u62a5\u544a\u4e0e\u65e0\u62a5\u544a\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u8111\u7535\u56fe-\u8111\u78c1\u56fe<\/span>\uff08Sergent[42]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8865\u5145\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u6574\u5408\uff0c[116],[188],[196],[197]\u5e76\u4e14\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u52a8\u7269\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u4f53\u5185\u53cc\u5149\u5b50\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u5149\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u5982van Vugt[64],Oude Lohuis[114-115], Takahashi[124],Suzuki&Larkum[125],Arena[38],[179],O\u2019Connor[198]\u548cStorm[199]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c[5]\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5355\u4e00\u83b7\u80dc\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc63\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u6574\u5408\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff081\uff09\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u50cf\u6700\u521d\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5927\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7ed3\u5408\u548c\u6574\u5408\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff083\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111-\u610f\u8bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u63a8\u52a8\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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1. <\/strong>124\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6279\u8bc4\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u662f\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u8ba8\u610f\u8bc6\u96be\u9898\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5417\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u610f\u8bc6\u66f4\u50cf\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u547d\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


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\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aSalvador Dali \u5bfc\u8bed \u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u5927\u8111\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff1f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e4\u8001\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u8bae\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4e3b\u8981\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u7531\u5404\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8054\u8882\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u6211…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":51180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51193\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/51180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51193"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=51193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}