{"id":51561,"date":"2024-07-16T17:40:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51561"},"modified":"2024-07-16T17:40:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:40:30","slug":"%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%bb%e6%89%be%e6%96%b0%e8%8c%83%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51561","title":{"rendered":"\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aTissue Biology: In Search of a New Paradigm<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-120420-113830<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/span> (\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u5305\u62ec5\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8c31\u7cfb\uff1a\u4e24\u4fa7\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08Bilateria\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u523a\u80de\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08Cnidaria\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6809\u6c34\u6bcd\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08Ctenophora\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6241\u76d8\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08Placozoa\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6d77\u7ef5\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08Porifera\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e24\u4fa7\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u523a\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u4e3a\u59d0\u59b9\u8c31\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f59\u7fa4\u7cfb\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u5173\u7cfb\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae\u5c42\u57285\u4e2a\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728 <\/span>(\u56fe1)<\/span>\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7956\u5148\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u6d77\u7ef5\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (archaeocytes)<\/span>\uff0c\u6241\u76d8\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de <\/span>(fiber cells)<\/span>\u548c\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08fibroblasts\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9886\u97ad\u6bdb\u866b\u5728\u5e94\u6fc0\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4f3c\u53d8\u5f62\u866b\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5728\u9886\u97ad\u6bdb\u866b\u5b58\u5728\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u8868\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u8f6c\u5316<\/span> (EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition) <\/span>\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5728\u539f\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08Urmetazoan\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8d77\u6e90\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6809\u6c34\u6bcd\u7c7b\u3001\u523a\u80de\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4e24\u4fa7\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a8\u7269\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5316\u7684\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u6d77\u7ef5\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u6241\u76d8\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7279\u5316\u7684\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u6536\u7f29\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u5171\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u7f29\u88c5\u7f6e\u5374\u662f<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u7ef5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u9274\u5b9a\u51fa\u8868\u8fbe\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u673a\u68b0\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6241\u76d8\u52a8\u7269\u95e8\u548c\u4e2d\u9274\u5b9a\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u8c03\u8282\u6444\u98df\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u80bd\u80fd\u795e\u7ecf\u5206\u6ccc\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u5171\u540c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u52a8\u867d\u7136\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7956\u5148\u7f3a\u4e4f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e3a\u6809\u6c34\u6bcd\u7c7b\u3001\u523a\u80de\u866b\u548c\u4e24\u4fa7\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7956\u5148\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5e73\u9762\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e0a\u76ae\u5c42\u6240\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u4e0a\u76ae\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5916\u5f62\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6536\u7f29\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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2. \u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u6f14\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u539f\u521d\u52a8\u7269\u7956\u5148\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8c31\u7cfb\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5f62\u6001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53cd\u6620\u529f\u80fd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u79bb\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u59d0\u59b9\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5f62\u6001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u59d0\u59b9\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ece\u8bf1\u5bfc\u578b\u5230\u7ec4\u6210\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2a\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u73af\u5883\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u89e3\u5256\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf1\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6216\u6781\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6210\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u540c\u5316\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08genetic assimilation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8c31\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7956\u5148\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6210\u578b\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7956\u5148\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u7ec6\u80de\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u727a\u7272\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u53d8\u5f02 <\/span>(\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u9762)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6216\u6781\u7aef\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u539f\u578b<\/span>\uff08archetypes\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5938\u5927\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4fdd\u7559\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3. \u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5176\u8eab\u4efd<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u548c\u804c\u4e1a) <\/span>\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b-\u96c7\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u914d\u5076\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u914d\u5076\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u96c7\u5458\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u56fe3)<\/span>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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3.1 <\/span>\u6267\u884c-\u652f\u6491\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u6267\u884c\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/span> (\u56fe4a)<\/span>\u3002\u539f\u59cb-\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u6267\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u3001\u8425\u517b\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea7\u751f\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28<\/span>\uff08extracellular matrix\uff0cECM) <\/span>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u56e0\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u8840\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u5468\u7ec6\u80de) <\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u6bdb\u7ec6\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a7b\u7559\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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3.2 <\/span>\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u6267\u884c-\u652f\u6491\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aA\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9B\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5de5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec6\u80de\u540c\u6837\u8d21\u732e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u6210\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u6765\u4e92\u8865\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span> (\u56fe4b)<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6210\u9aa8\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7834\u9aa8\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u57fa\u8d28\u6c89\u79ef\u548c\u91cd\u5438\u6536\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u8865\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u8865\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
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3.3 <\/span>\u6307\u5bfc\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

\u539f\u59cb\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u9aa8\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u86cb\u767d<\/span> ( bone morphogenetic protein\uff0cBMP) <\/span>\u6291\u5236\u5242\u548c\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u56e0\u5b50<\/span> (fibroblast growth factors\uff0cFGFs) <\/span>\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8eWnt\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8868\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5316\u4e3a\u57fa\u677f<\/span>\uff08placodes\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u771f\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u5305\u542b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u5219\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u8fd0\u9009\u62e9 <\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u9644\u5c5e\u7269)<\/span>\u3002\u8868\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u7531\u771f\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u53c8\u662f\u7531\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/span> (\u7279\u5f02\u6027Hox\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u771f\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe)<\/span> \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u7ec6\u80deA\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80deB\u547d\u8fd0\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span> (\u56fe4c)<\/span>\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662fA\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u4e8eB\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5177\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662fA\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cA\u548cB\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u7a33\u6001\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668-\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7ec6\u80de\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
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3.4 <\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005-\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80deA\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ec6\u80deB\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9f9b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8425\u517b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8c31\u7cfb\u9650\u5236\u7684GFs\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9b\u5e94\u8005\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u662f\u5f53\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u8c03\u8282\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5982ECM\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u548c\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668-\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7531\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<\/span> (\u56fe4d)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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3.5 <\/span>\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec6\u80de\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u66f4\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a7b\u7559T\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fe4e\u4e2d\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u6c42\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7269\u79cd\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7269\u79cd\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u952e\u79cd\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u79cd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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3.6 <\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8651\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5171\u5b58\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9694\u5ba4\u4e2d<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong>(\u56fe4f)<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u4e2d\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u80fd\u7ade\u4e89\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u80b2\u6216\u751f\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5916\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u8651\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4.1 <\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5206\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5176\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7531FGF\uff0cBMP\uff0chedgehog <\/span>(Hh)<\/span>\uff0cWnt\u548cNotch\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4ecb\u5bfc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236\u4e0a\u76ae\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u5206\u5316\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u6a21\u5757\u65e2\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u5355\u5143\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u6269\u5927<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u5316\u4e3a\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\uff1a\u57fa\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6bdb\u7ec6\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a7b\u7559\u7684\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (\u56fe5a)<\/span>\u3002\u57fa\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ed3\u6784\u652f\u6491\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5668\u5b98\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (\u5927\u8111)<\/span>\uff0cKupffer\u7ec6\u80de <\/span>(\u809d\u810f)<\/span>\uff0c\u7834\u9aa8\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (\u9aa8)<\/span>\uff0c\u80ba\u6ce1\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (\u80ba)<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u57fa\u8d28\u548c\u5fae\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a7b\u7559\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6811\u7a81\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u80a5\u5927\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a33\u6001\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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4.2 <\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757\u7531\u4e24\u5c42\u4e0a\u76ae\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee5\u53ca\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u53d7\u7ec6\u80de-\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0a\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u53d7\u7ec6\u80de-\u57fa\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28-\u57fa\u8d28\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u4e2d\uff0c\u808c\u8171\u5c06\u808c\u8089\u9644\u7740\u5728\u9aa8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u95f4\u5145\u8d28-\u57fa\u8d28\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u3002\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7a7a\u95f4\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6781\u6027\u548c\u5206\u652f\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae-\u95f4\u5145\u8d28-\u57fa\u8d28\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u6362<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u6362\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6025\u5267\u5730\u81a8\u80c0\/\u6536\u7f29\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u70b9\u4e0e\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u626d\u66f2\u539f\u59cb\u56fe\u6848\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u6362\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5927\u8111\u548c\u5185\u80da\u5c42\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u533a\u5ba4\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4.3 <\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ece\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u6267\u884c-\u652f\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8c31\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u3001\u5468\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7834\u9aa8\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u6210\u9aa8\u7ec6\u80de<\/span> (\u56fe5c)<\/span>\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cECM\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0cECM\u4e5f\u7531\u661f\u5f62\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u80ba\u6ce1\u3001\u5c0f\u80a0\u7ed2\u6bdb\u3001\u80be\u5355\u4f4d\u7b49\u3002\u9ad8\u9636\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u56f4\u7ed5\u5fae\u8840\u7ba1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8def\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6210\u5206(\u6216\u80fd\u52a8\u8005)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206(\u6216\u80fd\u52a8\u8005)\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u9884\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u89c4\u5219<\/span> (\u56fe6a)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u6606\u866b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff1a\u767d\u8681\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2a\u4f53\u6606\u866b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6563\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u7406\uff1a( a )\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b( b )\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\uff1b\u548c( c )\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5219\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u7ec4\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6307\u5bfc\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u9988\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u91cf\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u589e\u6b96\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span> (\u56fe6b , c)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5927\u6982\u5c5e\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6781\u5316\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u56fe\u6848\u5316\u3001\u7ba1\u8154\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u5206\u652f\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u548c\u9694\u5ba4\u8fb9\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u7b49\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span> (BMP\u3001FGF\u3001Hh\u3001Wnt\u3001Eph\u3001Notch) <\/span>\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u529b\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u56fe\u6848\u5316\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u80b2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u80bf\u7624\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u80b2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u77ed\u6682\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u7a33\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fee\u590d\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u800c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cd\u5851\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u708e\u75c7\u4fe1\u53f7\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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6. \u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u901a\u8baf\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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6.1 <\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u751f\u957f\u56e0\u5b50\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u751f\u957f\u56e0\u5b50<\/span>\uff08growth factors\uff0cGFs\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bGFs\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u8c31\u7cfb\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u5206\u5316\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684M – CSF\uff0c\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec6\u80de\u7684PDGF\u3002\u63a7\u5236GF\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u54ea\u79cdGF\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6392\u5217? \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea4\u4e92\u7535\u8def\u6765\u7ef4\u6301GF\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5c40\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f3a\u6c27\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6c27\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u8840\u6db2\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50HIF – 1a\u5bf9\u7f3a\u6c27\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5bfc\u81f4VEGF\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8840\u7ba1\u751f\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u63a7\u8c31\u7cfb\u7279\u5f02\u6027GF\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578bA\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578bB\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u3001\u5b58\u6d3b\u3001\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u5206\u5316\u6216\u62db\u52df\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7S (Sa<\/sup>) \u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ec6\u80deA\u4ea7\u751fSa\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u77e5\u7ec6\u80deB\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7684 <\/span>(\u56fe7a)<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8154\u5ba4\u4e2dB\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u6d3b\u6027\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c27\u6c14\u8f93\u9001)<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u80a0\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5438\u6536\u529f\u80fd)<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span> (\u5982M – CSF\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u9700\u6c42) <\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u534f\u540c\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6.2 <\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u548c\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec6\u80de\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

ECM\u662f\u540e\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ea4\u4e1d\u86cb\u767d<\/span> (\u80f6\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u86cb\u767d)<\/span>\u3001\u7cd6\u86cb\u767d<\/span> (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8fde\u63a5\u86cb\u767d( fibronectin) \u548c\u5c42\u7c98\u8fde\u86cb\u767d (laminin))<\/span>\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u805a\u7cd6\u548c\u900f\u660e\u8d28\u9178\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
1)      ECM\u8d4b\u4e88\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u6da6\u6ed1\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
2)      ECM\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u652f\u67b6\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
3)      ECM\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8baf\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570GFs\u548c\u8d8b\u5316\u56e0\u5b50\u6c89\u79ef\u5728ECM\u4e0a\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
4)      ECM\u4e3a\u6574\u5408\u7d20\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9ecf\u9644\u53d7\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u9644\u7740\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\n

5)      ECM\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u8d28\u91d1\u5c5e\u86cb\u767d\u9176<\/span> (MMPs) <\/span>\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u6709\u9650\u86cb\u767d\u6c34\u89e3\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u6563\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span> ( matricryptins) <\/span>\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Adler, M., Chavan, A.R., and Medzhitov, R. (2023). Tissue Biology: In Search of a New Paradigm. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 39, 67\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-120420-113830.<\/span><\/section>\n
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<\/span>Ruslan Medzhitov<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u514d\u75ab\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001Tananbaum\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3001\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u4f11\u65af\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong> <\/strong><\/a>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u600e\u6837\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5165\u95e8\u5168\u8def\u5f84<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. \u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong>\u672a\u6765\u533b\u5b66\u5c55\u671b\uff1a\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u9053\u8def<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


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