{"id":51713,"date":"2024-07-22T22:39:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T14:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51713"},"modified":"2024-07-22T22:39:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T14:39:17","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e3%80%81%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%92%8c%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e8%b6%85%e8%b6%8a%e7%89%9b%e9%a1%bf%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51713","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ram C. Poudel<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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A unified science of matter, life and evolution<\/span><\/section>\n
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https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsta.2022.0291<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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*Deus sive Natura\uff08\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u795e\u5373\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5373\u795e\uff09\u662f\u4e0e\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u662f17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8377\u5170\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u4eba\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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*Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u81ea\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u7531\u68b5\u6587\u8bcd\u6c47\u201cVasudha\u201d\uff08\u5730\u7403\uff09\u548c\u201cKutumbakam\u201d\uff08\u5bb6\u5ead\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5373\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u50cf\u76f2\u4eba\u6478\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u89c2\u5bdf\u751f\u547d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66[2]\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u7406[3]\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f[4]\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d41\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7[5]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7684\u7247\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u9762\u6027\u548c\u591a\u7ef4\u6027\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u754c\u9650\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6807\u91cf\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u65f6\u7a7a\u754c\u9650\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u91c7\u7528\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u95e8\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42\u9762\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u7269\u8d28\u6709\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53c8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6807<\/strong>\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173<\/strong>\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08scale-free pattern\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8de8\u8d8a\u5206\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u4ee5S\u5f62\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d2f\u79ef\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9075\u5faa\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03[6]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[7]\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u5b88\u6052\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7ebd\u5e26[8]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u725b\u987f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u8d6b*\u8ba4\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u725b\u987f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2014\u2014\u5373\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\n
*\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff08Ernst Mach\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5965\u5730\u5229-\u6377\u514b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u901a\u8fc7\u5047\u8bbe\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u90fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u60ef\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5e38\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6570\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6570\u4e0e\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u7b49\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53A\u548cB\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u522b\u7528R\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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RAB<\/sub> = -RBA<\/sub>  \uff082.1\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u7528\u529bRBA<\/sub>\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529bRAB<\/sub>\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7531\u65b9\u7a0b\uff082.1\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u9690\u542b\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u7ed9\u7269\u8d28\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u72ec\u7279\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/span>\uff08object egotism\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7269\u4f53\u53ea\u5bf9\u77ac\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong>[9]\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u64cd\u7eb5\u53cd\u5e94\u4ee5\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u53d1<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\uff09<\/span>\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u9886\u5148\u6216\u6ede\u540e\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u8df3\u51fa\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6839\u636e\u73bb\u5c14\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08correspondence principle\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7f8e\u5999\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\n
*Bohr\u2019s correspondence principle\uff0c\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u7406\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5730\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u5f53\u6211\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u5ea7\u5750\u843d\u5728\u67f1\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u6865\u6881\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6865\u6881\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u7b49\u5730\u9707\u591a\u53d1\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u67f1\u5b50\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u8377\u8f7d\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7565\u5fae\u5c48\u670d\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5426\u65e2\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7269\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u8861\uff1f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53d7\u7a33\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\uff1f\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b66\u4f1a\u8d70\u8def\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u5954\u8dd1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u989d\u5916\u7684\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u6062\u590d\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u539f\u7406[10]\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u50cf\u751f\u547d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u7275\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u7d22\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u5efa\u5757\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u66f4\u5927\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7531\u8fb9\u754c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u52a8\u529b\u6e90\u548c\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u2014\u2014\u5982\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u968f\u610f\u5904\u7f6e\u6216\u8c03\u8282\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u79f0\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u503c\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7531\u8fb9\u754c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u50cf\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996*\u5f00\u542f\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u5185\u5728\u529f\u7387\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u52a8\u5bbf\u4e3b\u6216\u73af\u5883\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u4f7f\u529f\u7387<\/span>\uff08power\uff09<\/span>**\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u751f\u547d\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8fb9\u754c\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u201d\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u5899\u5916\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u529b\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4f53\u529b<\/span>\uff08body forces\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8868\u9762\u529b<\/span>\uff08surface forces\uff09<\/span>***\u3002\u91cd\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u538b\u529b\u662f\u8868\u9762\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6f6e\u6d41\u548c\u65f6\u5c1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u529b\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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*\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff08Maxwell\u2019s Demon\uff09\u662f1871\u5e74\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u201c\u5996\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5c0f\u95e8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5996\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u70ed\u201d\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u653e\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u51b7\u201d\u5206\u5b50\uff09\u653e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6e29\u5dee\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u71b5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u53c2\u770b\u300a\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u6587\u7ae0\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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***body forces and surface forces\uff1a\u4f53\u529b\uff08body force\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u7684\u529b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8868\u9762\u529b\uff08surface force\uff09\u5219\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6216\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u6e34\u671b\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u529f\u7387\u201d\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7[11]\u548c\u7f57\u7d20[12]\u65e9\u5148\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u7269\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a(a) \u4f53\u529f\u7387\u548c (b) \u8868\u9762\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u3002\u4f53\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u7387<\/span>\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u53d1\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8c03\u8282\u7740\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u603b\u5bfc\u6570\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\n
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*\u5168\u5bfc\u6570\uff08total derivative<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7387\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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3. \u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u529f\u7387<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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(i) \u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u4e14\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

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(iii) \u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u91c7\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u573a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08social field theory\uff09<\/span>[15]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u8bae\u6839\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff08S\uff09\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u529b\u91cf\uff08I\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4efb\u5411\u91cf\uff08\u0393\uff09\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b[16,17]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cfH\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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H = SI\u0393\uff08\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\uff083.1\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u7269\u8d28<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7269\u8d28\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u5360\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u60ef\u6027\u3002\u60ef\u6027\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u5747\u5300\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u6216\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u523b\u753b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7269\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u725b\u987f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u4ecd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u3002\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5212\u5206\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u754c\u9650\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u751f\u547d<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u52a0\u4e0a\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8f68\u8ff9<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u7535\u8377\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u529f\u7387\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u534f\u540c\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u529f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96[19]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u9690\u542b\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u77e5\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5bb9\u6613\u4f53\u9a8c\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c1a\u672a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u50cf\u7269\u8d28\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5360\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u60ef\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u529f\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u529f\u7387\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08object egotism\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u725b\u987f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u7a0b(2.1)\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u751f\u547d\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u5f0f\uff085.1\uff09\u6240\u793a\uff1aRAB<\/sub>(t)=\u2212\u03b2(\u0393,\u03c4) RBA<\/sub>(t\u00b1\u03c4)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cR\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u03b2\u662f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u03c4\u662f\u8d85\u524d\/\u6ede\u540e\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u3001\u8d85\u524d\u6216\u6ede\u540e\u53cd\u5e94\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u547d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u9075\u5faa\u7269\u81ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7269\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u8d85\u524d\u6216\u6ede\u540e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90e8\u5206\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b[20]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u548c\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b54\u6848<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u6f14\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u4ece\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u5916\u90e8\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u548c\u6f14\u5316[21,22]\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u733f\u7c7b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u9732\u897f[23]\uff0c\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\u5979\u662f\u7528\u4e24\u6761\u817f\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u6307\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65b9\u7a0b\uff085.1\uff09\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u53d8\u3001\u65b0\u6027\u72b6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7269\u79cd<\/strong>\u3002\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u957f\u671f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u547d\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9010\u6e10\u5185\u5316\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8868\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u79d1\u666e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5229\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9891\u7387[24]\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u52a8\u91cf\u3001\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u529f\u7387\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7531\u73af\u5883\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u529b\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4f53\u529b\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u6d4b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff1a(a) \u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u548c\uff08b\uff09\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/strong>\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fb9\u754c\u5185\u7684\u529f\u7387\u6765\u6e90\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u7387<\/span>\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5904\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9c7c\u4e0e\u6c34\u5904\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u9c7c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u662f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe1. (a) \u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002(b) \u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u8d85\u7a7a\u95f4 \u03a9(C1, C2, t) \u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u56fe1\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u8d85\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

7. \u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u529b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b\uff085.1\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u529b<\/strong>R<\/strong>ij<\/strong><\/sub>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6cbf\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u7ebf<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5408\u529b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u591a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5185\u529b\u662f\u5171\u7ebf\u7684\u3002\u529b Rij<\/sub> \u548c Rji<\/sub> \u5728\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0a\u76f8\u7b49\u4f46\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u53ea\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u79f0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u03a9\u3002\u5728\u56fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7269\u8d28 M \u548c\u751f\u547d L \u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15i\u3001j\u548ck\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff1bG\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\uff0cR\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5982\u56fe1a\u6240\u793a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0cMi<\/sub> \u548c M<\/span>j<\/span><\/sub> <\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u529b Rij<\/sub> \u548c Rji<\/sub> \u76f8\u7b49\u4e14\u53cd\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7ebf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u548c Rij<\/sub> + Rji<\/sub> = 0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cRij<\/sub> + Rji<\/sub> \u2260 0\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd9\u6837\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u96c6\u5408\u03a9\u5c06\u5728G\u70b9\u5468\u56f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c0\u529b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529b\u77e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51c0\u529b\/\u529b\u77e9\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f<\/strong>\u6f14\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u529bRii<\/sub>\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5355\u4f4d\u611f\u77e5\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u5185\u529b Rii<\/sub>\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u6cbf\u7740\u80fd\u91cf\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u6cbf\u7740\u80fd\u91cf\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u9759\u6b62\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u9075\u5faa\u725b\u987f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e Rii<\/sub> \u548c Rij<\/sub> \u0338=Rji<\/sub> \u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fbe\u6717\u8d1d\u5c14\u539f\u7406[25]\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a \u03a9\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4f53 Li<\/sub> \u4e0a\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u7387\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u6548\u529f\u7387\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u53d1\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span>\u8fbe\u6717\u8d1d\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e Rij<\/sub> + Rji<\/sub> = 0 \u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 Rii<\/sub> \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u52a8\u5176\u8574\u542b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u8eab\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u7528-\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e3b\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

8. \u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5199\u51fa\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
 \uff088.1\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u7a0b\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684 Fnet<\/sub> = ma\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8d28\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb E=mc\u00b2 \u5c06\u8d28\u91cf\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u529f\u7387\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u529f\u7387\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b[17]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
 (8.2)<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
Stueckelberg \u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ee5\u529f\u7387\u4ea4\u6362\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u516c\u5f0f[26]\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u7a0b\uff088.2\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u529f\u7387\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8868\u9762\u529b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f53\u529b\uff1aFen<\/sub> = Rii<\/sub>\uff088.4\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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H = H(C1<\/sub>, C2<\/sub>, t)    \uff088.6\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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9. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u62db\u52df\u4e2d<\/strong>
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\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u897f\u6e56\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u6c64\u96f7\u7ff0\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5e38\u4e58\u3001\u674e\u6768\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5510\u4e7e\u5143\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6797\u4e00\u701a\uff0c<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5206\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u79d1\u5b66\u5353\u8d8a\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5510\u8bd7\u5a55\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7406<\/a>\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4ecb\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5668\u5b98\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4eba\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece2024\u5e748\u67086\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e8c\u665a19:00-21:00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba110-12\u5468\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
1. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7d22<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u529b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u751f\u547d\u7684\u529b\u5b66<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
3.<\/strong> \u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
5.<\/strong> \u96c6\u667aVIP\u96c6\u5408\u5566\uff01\u4e91\u5357\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7814\u4fee\u8425\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u667a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u6500\u767b\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9636\u68af\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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