{"id":51853,"date":"2024-07-30T23:12:08","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T15:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51853"},"modified":"2024-07-30T23:12:08","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T15:12:08","slug":"science%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51853","title":{"rendered":"Science\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f15\u6587\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u6548\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\uff08the Science of Science\uff09\u30022018 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si \u9886\u8854\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5728 Science <\/em>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u78c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u95e8\u201c\u9ad8\u9636\u5b66\u79d1\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

SANTO FORTUNATO, CARL T. BERGSTROM, KATY B\u00d6RNER\u7b49 <\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9648\u66e6<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5d14\u6d69\u5ddd<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u738b\u6021\u853a\u3001\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e00\u3001 \u7ed3\u6784\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    1.\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    2.\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    3.\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4e8c\u3001 \u6b63\u6587<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    1.\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    2.\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u79d1\u7814\u60f3\u6cd5\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    3.\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    4.\u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    5.\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    6.\u56e2\u961f\u79d1\u7814<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    7.\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    8.\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u9644\uff1a\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

1. \u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u7814\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\u5230\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u79fb\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u83b7\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66<\/span>\uff08The science of science\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66SciSci\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u201d\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff0c \u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u79d1\u5b66\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66<\/span>\u63a2\u5bfb\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

2. \u8fdb\u5c55<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u5f15\u6587\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u5355\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6269\u5c55\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u613f\u610f\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8b\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6700\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u901a\u5e38\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63a8\u8fdb\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u5374\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
3. \u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u8d1f\u8d23\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b66<\/span>\uff08scientometrics\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6709\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u6e34\u6c42\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u957f\u671f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u504f\u597d\u4e4b\u95f4\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u653f\u7b56\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/strong>\u79d1\u7814\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e0e\u9886\u57df\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u56e0\u201c\u5b66\u79d1\u7279\u8272\u201d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u9650\u7684\u81f4\u5bc6\u5316\uff08densification\uff09\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u878d\u5408\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6b63\u6587<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
1. \u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8bc6\u522b\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u8def\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5c06\u8981\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u666e\u904d\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u8868\u5f81\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u52a0\u901f\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e13\u6709\u7684Web of Science<\/span><\/span>\uff08WoS\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f15\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/span>\uff08Scopus\uff0cPubMed\uff0cGoogle Scholar\uff0cMicrosoft Academic\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u548c\u5546\u6807\u5c40\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u679c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u6c5f\u5357\u5317\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u548c\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f7f\u5173\u952e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u80fd\u5728\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\uff08generative models\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u7406\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eae\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6253\u7834\u5b66\u79d1\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5; \u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b; \u4ece\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u63a2\u7d22\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u5230\u53d1\u660e\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/span>\uff08econometric\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08agent-based modeling\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3b\u5f20\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7a81\u7834\u80cc\u540e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u628a\u63e1\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/span><\/strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u60f3\u6cd5\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\uff08knowledge representa\u00adtions\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4eba\u9020\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u8ddd\u79bb\u4eb2\u758f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u7c7b\u6210\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u8981\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08multiscale network\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u6307\u6570\u79ef\u7d2f\uff082\uff09\uff0c\u5e73\u574715\u5e74\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ffb\u500d<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u4ee5\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u56e0\u6b64\u8ddf\u7740\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u500d\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u5236\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u5f80\u5f80\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff083\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ece\u6807\u9898\u548c\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u7ebf\u6027\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u662f\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002\uff084\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe1 \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u957f\u3002\uff08A\uff09\u5728WoS\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6458\u5f55\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u4ea7\u51fa\u91cf\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\uff08B\uff09WoS\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u5230\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff084\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4f55\u79d1\u7814\u6295\u5165\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff1f<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u548c\u6458\u8981\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u6587\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u7a7a\u88ab\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff085\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5f15\u6587\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u7531\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u5b50\u96c6\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\uff086\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u7fa4\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u6301\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff087\uff09\u6216\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u8bdd\u9898\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff088\uff09\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u53d1\u8868\u7269\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5982\u4f55\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u201d\uff089\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08nodes\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u8fb9\uff08hyperedge\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81f4\u5bc6\u5316<\/span>\uff08densification\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5c06\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u9650\u7684\u81f4\u5bc6\u5316<\/span>\uff08densification\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u516b\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0810\uff09\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\uff08104\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70<\/span>\uff08random walks\uff09<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\uff0811\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u54ea\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e9\u5c31\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u535a\u5f08\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0812\uff0c13\uff09\u3002\u575a\u6301\u5176\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u91cd\u5fc3\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u5f97\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u592a\u8fc7\u4e13\u6ce8\u67d0\u4e00\u8bae\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u578b\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u5df2\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff083\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u867d\u7136\u521b\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u4fdd\u5b88\u6587\u7ae0\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u9ad8\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f25\u8865\u53d1\u8868\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u4f3c\u4e4e\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u4fdd\u5b88\u503e\u5411\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6fc0\u52b1\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u4eec\u65b0\u7684\u60ca\u559c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u660e\u663e\u6709\u8ff9\u53ef\u5faa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c31\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u8def\u4e2d\u3002\uff0814\uff09\u3002
<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u5927<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7b56\u7565\u4fdd\u5b88\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0815\uff09\u4e2a\u4eba\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u88ab\u540d\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u62bd\u5c49\u95ee\u9898\uff08file drawer problem\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u653e\u5927\u4e86\uff0816\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u548c\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\uff0817\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u62bd\u5c49\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5bf9\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4f1a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u62bd\u5c49\u91cc\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u66f4\u591a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u51e0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u51fa\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b88\u9677\u9631\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6566\u4fc3\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u52a8\u8d5e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5168\u65b0\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8ba9\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u662f\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u914d\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0818\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u9519\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u4f4d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5d4c\u5165\u7a33\u56fa\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ecf\u8425\u7740\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u80fd\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
4. \u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5171\u540c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u660e\u4e2d\u7684\u7f55\u89c1\u7ec4\u5408\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u7387\uff083\uff09\u3002\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0819\uff09; \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\uff0820\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u91d1\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u65b0\u9896\u7684\uff0821-23\uff09\u6216\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0824\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u7ed9\u4e88\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
      <\/span><\/section>\n
\u56fe2 \u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u901f\u96c6\u4f53\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\uff08A.\uff09\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8861\u91cf\u4e862010\u5e74MEDLINE\uff08\u533b\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u836f\u7269\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u6216\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6548\u7387\u56fe\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u65b0\u901a\u8def\uff08\u6a2a\u8f74\uff09\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u7eb5\u8f74\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u836f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6548\u7387\u6765\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6548\u7387\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca50\uff05\u548c100\uff05\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u8f83\u4f4e\u503c\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7b56\u7565\u6700\u9002\u5408\u53d1\u73b013\uff05\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c50\uff05\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b050\uff05\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u63ed\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684100\uff05\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u6837\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08B\uff09\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u836f\u7269\u53d1\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ed8\u5236\u6210\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201d\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f100%\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5747\u5300\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u4f17\u201d\u3002\uff0815\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u81ea\u5e38\u89c4\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51fa\u81ea\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0825-27\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u5f15\u7528\u7387\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5176\u4e24\u500d\uff0826\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u662f\u6210\u529f\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
5. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u5e02\u573a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u804c\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0828\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u6210\u7ee9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u8fb9\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u589e\u76ca\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff09<\/span>\uff0829\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u673a\u6784\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0830,31\uff09\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0832\uff09\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u68c0\u9a8c\u7740\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7ec4\u5408\u9ad8\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u5730\u7406\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u54ed<\/span>\uff08metadata\uff09<\/span>\uff0833\uff09\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u65e9\u671f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08\u5956\u52b1\u957f\u671f\u6210\u529f\uff09<\/span>\u6bd4\u77ed\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0831\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4ea4\u4e92\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5408\u540c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7537\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0838\uff09\u548c\u62db\u8058\u7387\uff0835\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u3002\u5f53\u6027\u522b\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u7684\u5c65\u5386\u4e2d\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u62db\u8058\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8f7b\u89c6\u5973\u6027\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0840\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6837\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u7f16\u5236\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u62e8\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u5956\u52b1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u5143\u804c\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5165\u548c\u6d41\u51fa\u4e0a\uff0841,42\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u5c24\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u804c\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u52a8\u51b3\u7b56\u80cc\u540e\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u597d\uff1a\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u51fa\u56fd\uff09<\/span>\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u804c\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\uff0843\uff0c44\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u540d\u58f0\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\uff0845\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8df3\u69fd\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u642c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u6216\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0846\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u673a\u6784\u800c\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5ba1\u6838\u6587\u732e\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u63d0\u6848\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5148\u524d\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5e74\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\uff0847\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f15\u6587\uff0846\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u58f0\u8a89\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5929\u5206\u548c\u77e5\u96be\u800c\u8fdb\u624d\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u4f18\u79c0\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a35\u5c81\uff0848\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5145\u5206\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u503e\u5411\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540e\u6765\u4e0b\u964d\uff0849\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5e74\u9f84\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5b66\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\u9636\u6bb5\u65e0\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u662f\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6311\u9009\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0e\u8fd0\u6c14\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0849\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
      <\/span><\/section>\n

\u56fe3 \u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08A\uff09\u4e09\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6c34\u5e73\u8f74\u8868\u793a\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u7684\u5e74\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5706\u5708\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6c10\u4ee3\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u6587\u7ae010\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u8bba\u6587\u7528\u6a59\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08B\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u6700\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\uff0c\u4e3a10,000\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u7684\u5e73\u5766\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0849\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u56e2\u961f\u79d1\u7814<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u5bf9\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5bf91,990\u4e07\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u548c210\u4e07\u9879\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0850\uff09<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57281955\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u52302013\u5e74\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\u523090\uff05\uff0851\uff09\u3002
<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u67096.3\u500d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f971000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u7528<\/span>\uff08self-citations\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0850,52\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e2\u961f\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5408\uff0826\uff09\u6216\u751f\u4ea7\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6bd4\u5355\u72ec\u4f5c\u8005\u591a\u4e8638%\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u79d1\u7814\u7a81\u7834\u5185\u5bb9\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u719f\u6089\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/strong>\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u9ad8\u5728\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f15\u5165\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u8981\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u5206\u4eab\u58f0\u8a89\uff0829\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u56fe4 \u56e2\u961f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u56e2\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7a33\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570; \u9ed1\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u8003\u8651\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9886\u57df\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5e73\u5747\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u66f2\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ea2\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u6bd4\u5c0f\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6bcf\u5f20\u56fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94WoS\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5927\u7c7b\uff08A\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\uff08B\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\uff08C\uff09\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7528\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u961f\u5219\u63a8\u52a8\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0853\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6765\u7f13\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0828\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e53\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u7a81\u7834\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0<\/a><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u662f\u5426\u4f9b\u517b\u4e86\u5927\u56e2\u961f\uff1f<\/a><\/section>\n
\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u662f\u5426\u504f\u7231\u5e74\u8f7b\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\uff1f<\/a><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u5728\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5341\u5e7417\uff05\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0850\uff0c54\uff0c105\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u56e0\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u56e2\u961f\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u578b\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u56e2\u961f\u548c\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0855\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u7531\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u589e\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u5c0f\u578b\u6838\u5fc3\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u79ef\u7d2f\u5438\u5f15\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u56e2\u961f\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u56e2\u961f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f1a\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0856\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u548c\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u524d\u6cbf\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u65e5\u76ca\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2a\u4eba\u8c03\u67e5\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u6709\u4ef7\u65e0\u5e02\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u673a\u6784\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u5408\u4f5c<\/strong>\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u79d1\u7814\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b27\u6d32\u6838\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u548c\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b66\u672f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6765\u81ea100\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u768410,000\u591a\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u53f0\u5bf9\u649e\u51fb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6743\u8861\u968f\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\uff082\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0857,58\uff09\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u660e\u661f\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6563\u4f19\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u4e0e\u6781\u5f3a\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u5e73\u5747\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u4f1a\u589e\u52a017\uff05\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u804c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0859\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u9274\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8c01\u5e94\u8be5\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u5b9e\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u7684\u540d\u8a89\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u540d\u8a89\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94\uff0860\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e0\u5176\u8d21\u732e\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u989d\u540d\u8a89\u3002\u4e3a\u534f\u4f5c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u914d\u4fe1\u8a89\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u533a\u5206\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\uff0861\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\uff0862\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
7. <\/span><\/strong>\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5b66\u672f\u5f15\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u8861\u91cf\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6d41\u5f15\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0863-66\uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u6587\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5f8b\u5df2\u88ab\u51e0\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u6839\u636ePrice\uff0867\uff09\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u503e\u5411\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d2f\u79ef10,000\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u8bba\u6587\u6309\u673a\u6784\u5206\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\uff0868\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u8bba\u6587\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u540c\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5206\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u65e0\u533a\u522b\u7684\uff0869\uff0c70\uff09<\/span>\uff08\u56fe5A\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6536\u96c6100\u7bc7\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u6bd4300\u7bc7\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe 5 \u5f15\u6587\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08A\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570c\u9664\u4ee5\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u6240\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570c0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u5e74\u4efd\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u6b63\u6001\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\uff0869\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08B\uff091964\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u201c \u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\uff08Physical Review\uff09\u201d\u7684\u56db\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u201c\u8df3\u8dc3\u8870\u53d8\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u5cf0\u503c\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u7d2b\u7ea2\uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u7eff\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5f15\u6587\u6307\u6570\u4e0a\u5347\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u3002\uff08C.\u5355\u4e2a\u7eb8\uff09\u5f15\u6587\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u786e\u5b9a\uff1afitness \u03bb \uff0cimmediacy \u03bc \uff0c\u548clongevity \u03c3 \u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\uff08\u03bb\uff0c\u03bc\uff0c\u03c3\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\uff08B\uff09\u4e2d\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56db\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5c06\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\uff0877\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u9a71\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u9075\u5faa\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\uff0871-73\uff09\u3002\u5e42\u5f8b\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d2f\u79ef\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\uff0874\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u504f\u597d\u4f9d\u9644\uff08preferential attachment\uff09<\/strong>\uff0875\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5f15\u7528\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u589e\u957f\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8fc7\u65f6<\/strong>\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0876\uff0c79\uff0c106\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u62df\u5408\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\uff08 fitness parameter\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0877,78\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7761\u7f8e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u90fd\u65e0\u4eba\u95ee\u6d25\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6536\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5f15\u7528\uff0880,81\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
PNAS\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u5374\u603b\u662f\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1f<\/a>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5355\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\uff0877\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6982\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8003\u8651\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8fc7\u65f6\u56e0\u5b50<\/span>\uff08obsolescence factor\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\uff08fitness parameter\uff09\uff08\u56fe5\uff0cB\uff0cC\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0877\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u6807\uff0882\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u671f\u520a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\uff0872\uff09\u3002\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684h-index\uff0883\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0884\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u9636\u6bb5\u548ch-\u6307\u6570\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u6027\uff0c\u975e\u9012\u51cf\u6027\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0885\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6d88\u9664\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
8. \u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u504f\u597d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5b66\u79d1\u80cc\u666f\u5dee\u5f02\u4f7f\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u89c1\u89e3\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u9002\u5e94\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u79d1\u7814\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u89c1<\/span>\uff08Box1\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n
Box1\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u53d1\u8868\uff0826\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u575a\u6301\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u592a\u8001\u201c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0849\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5408\u4f5c\uff1a\u5982\u4eca\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u56e2\u961f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c2\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\u662f\u5927\u6709\u76ca\u5904\u7684\u3002\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u66f4\u5177\u98a0\u8986\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f3a\u961f\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53bb\u505a\u66f4\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\uff084,50,53\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u58f0\u8a89\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u540d\u8a89\u5c06\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u6587\u732e\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\uff0862\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n
      \u8d44\u91d1\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u627f\u8bfa\u652f\u6301\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5ffd\u89c6\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u8bc4\u4f30\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u9884\u6599\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0824\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        <\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684<\/span>\uff08data-driven\uff09<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6b20\u7f3a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0830\uff09\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0860,86\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u56e0\u679c\u4f30\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08Causal estimation\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0831,42\uff09\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u6700\u9700\u8981\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u79d1\u7814\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u201c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201d\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u63a2\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5177\u6709\u4fc3\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u5c1a\u672a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5c06\u6539\u53d8\u7531\u7a0e\u6536\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u79d1\u5b66\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u963b\u788d\uff0887\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u51c6-\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08quasi-experimental approaches\uff09\u5c06\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
         <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5c06\u79d1\u7814\u6587\u732e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u601d\u8003\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b58\u5728\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u591a\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e86\u89e3\u7406\u5ff5\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5931\u8d25\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u91cd\u73b0\u6027\u5371\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u6587\u4ef6\u62bd\u5c49\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08file drawer problem\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63ed\u793a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ef4\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u201d<\/strong>\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u9636\u5c42\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u5bcc\u4eba\u6108\u5bcc\u201d\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u664b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u4f20\u7edf\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u8861\u91cf\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u8986\u76d6\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08metrics covering web \uff09<\/span>\uff0888\uff09\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff0889\uff09\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0890\uff09\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u6807\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/span>\uff0891\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u540c\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0892\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540c\u884c\u4f5c\u54c1\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0893\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u4e0d\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u578b\u505a\u51fa\u79cd\u79cd\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6807\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a2\u7d22\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0894\uff09\u5e76\u4e14\u8bc6\u522b\u6697\u7bb1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u6807\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u591a\u5143\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u6ce8\u91cd\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u9896\u7684\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u4ea4\u6d41\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4fbf\u80fd\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0895\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u77db\u76fe\uff0896\uff09\u3002\u51e0\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u91d1\uff0897\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u63d0\u6848\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5411\u4e13\u95e8\u4eba\u5458\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0831\uff09\uff0c\u5411\u5728\u7ebf\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u673a\u5236\uff0898\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u673a\u5236\uff0899\uff09\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f17\u7b79\uff08100\uff09\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u79d1\u5b66\u5b66<\/span>\uff08SciSci\uff09<\/span>\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u662f\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u8ba9\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u673a\u5668\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u66f4\u80fd\u62d3\u5bbd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u8f66\u8f86\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u6280\u672f\u548c\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u4e60\u60ef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5fc3\u667a-\u673a\u5668\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed9\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u536b\u751f\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\uff08101 – 103\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7075\u5173\u7cfb\u6539\u5584\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u600e\u4e48\u5b89\u6392\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u5177\u6210\u6548\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u672a\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        1. E. Garfield, Citation indexes for science; a new dimension <\/span>in documentation through association of ideas. Science 122, 108\u2013111 (1955). doi: 10.1126\/science.122.3159.108;<\/span><\/section>\n
        pmid: 14385826<\/span><\/section>\n
        2. D. J. S. Price, Little Science, Big Science (Columbia Univ. <\/span>Press, 1963).<\/span><\/section>\n
        3. J. G. Foster, A. Rzhetsky, J. A. Evans, Tradition and <\/span>innovation in scientists\u2019 research strategies. Am. Sociol. Rev. 80, \u2013908 (2015). 875doi: 10.1177\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        0003122415601618<\/span><\/section>\n
        4. S. Milojevi\u0107, Quantifying the cognitive extent of science. <\/span>J. Informetr. 9, 962\u2013973 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/j.joi.2015.10.005<\/span><\/section>\n
        5. T. Kuhn, M. Perc, D. Helbing, Inheritance patterns in citation <\/span>networks reveal scientific memes. Phys. Rev. X 4, 041036 (2014). doi: 10.1103\/PhysRevX.4.041036<\/span><\/section>\n
        6. R. Klavans, K. W. Boyack, Which type of citation analysis <\/span>generates the most accurate taxonomy of scientific and technical knowledge? J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 68, 984\u2013998 (2016). doi: 10.1002\/asi.23734<\/span><\/section>\n
        7. U. Shwed, P. S. Bearman, The temporal structure of scientific <\/span>consensus formation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 75, 817\u2013840 (2010). doi: 10.1177\/0003122410388488; pmid: 21886269<\/span><\/section>\n
        8. J. Bruggeman, V. A. Traag, J. Uitermark, Detecting <\/span>communities through network data. Am. Sociol. Rev. 77, 1050\u20131063 (2012). doi: 10.1177\/0003122412463574<\/span><\/section>\n
        9. F. Shi, J. G. Foster, J. A. Evans, Weaving the fabric of science:<\/span><\/section>\n
        Dynamic network models of science\u2019s unfolding structure. <\/span>Soc. Networks 43, 73\u201385 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.socnet.2015.02.006<\/span><\/section>\n
        10. L. M. A. Bettencourt, D. I. Kaiser, J. Kaur, Scientific discovery <\/span>and topological transitions in collaboration networks. J. Informetr. 3, 210\u2013221 (2009). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        j.joi.2009.03.001<\/span><\/section>\n
        11. X. Sun, J. Kaur, S. Milojevi\u0107, A. Flammini, F. Menczer, <\/span>Social dynamics of science. Sci. Rep. 3, 1069 (2013). doi: 10.1038\/srep01069; pmid: 23323212<\/span><\/section>\n
        12. T. S. Kuhn, The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in <\/span>Scientific Tradition and Change (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1977).<\/span><\/section>\n
        13. P. Bourdieu, The specificity of the scientific field and <\/span>the social conditions of the progress of reasons. <\/span>Soc. Sci. Inf. (Paris) 14, 19\u201347 (1975). doi: 10.1177\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        053901847501400602<\/span><\/section>\n
        14. T. Jia, D. Wang, B. K. Szymanski, Quantifying patterns of <\/span>research-interest evolution. Nat. Hum. Behav. 1, 0078 (2017).doi: 10.1038\/s41562-017-0078<\/span><\/section>\n
        15. A. Rzhetsky, J. G. Foster, I. T. Foster, J. A. Evans, Choosing <\/span>experiments to accelerate collective discovery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 14569\u201314574 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
        doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1509757112; pmid: 26554009<\/span><\/section>\n
        16. R. Rosenthal, The file drawer problem and tolerance for null <\/span>results. Psychol. Bull. 86, 638\u2013641 (1979). doi: 10.1037\/<\/span>0033-2909.86.3.638<\/span><\/section>\n
        17. S. B. Nissen, T. Magidson, K. Gross, C. T. Bergstrom, <\/span>Publication bias and the canonization of false facts. eLife 5, <\/span>e21451 (2016). doi: 10.7554\/eLife.21451; pmid: 27995896<\/span><\/section>\n
        18. L. Yao, Y. Li, S. Ghosh, J. A. Evans, A. Rzhetsky, Health ROI as <\/span>a measure of misalignment of biomedical needs and <\/span>r<\/span>esources. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 807\u2013811 (2015). doi: 10.1038\/<\/span>nbt.3276; pmid: 26252133<\/span><\/section>\n
        19. C. S. Wagner et al., Approaches to understanding and <\/span>measuring interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR): A review <\/span>of the literature. J. Informetr. 5, 14\u201326 (2011). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.joi.2010.06.004<\/span><\/section>\n
        20. V. Larivi\u00e8re, S. Haustein, K. B\u00f6rner, Long-distance <\/span>i<\/span>nterdisciplinarity leads to higher scientific impact. PLOS ONE <\/span>10, e0122565 (2015). doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0122565;<\/span>pmid: 25822658<\/span><\/section>\n
        21. K. J. Boudreau, E. C. Guinan, K. R. Lakhani, C. Riedl, Looking <\/span>across and looking beyond the knowledge frontier:<\/span><\/section>\n
        Intellectual distance, novelty, and resource allocation in <\/span>science. Manage. Sci. 62, 2765\u20132783 (2016). doi: 10.1287\/<\/span>mnsc.2015.2285; pmid: 27746512<\/span><\/section>\n
        22. E. Leahey, J. Moody, Sociological innovation through subfield<\/span><\/section>\n
        integration. Soc. Currents 1, 228\u2013256 (2014). doi: 10.1177\/<\/span>2329496514540131<\/span><\/section>\n
        23. A. Yegros-Yegros, I. Rafols, P. D\u2019Este, Does interdisciplinary<\/span><\/section>\n
        research lead to higher citation impact? The different <\/span>effect of proximal and distal interdisciplinarity. PLOS ONE <\/span>10, e0135095 (2015). doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0135095; <\/span>pmid: 26266805<\/span><\/section>\n
        24. L. Bromham, R. Dinnage, X. Hua, Interdisciplinary research <\/span>has consistently lower funding success. Nature 534, <\/span>684\u2013687 (2016). doi: 10.1038\/nature18315; pmid: 27357795<\/span><\/section>\n
        25. D. Kim, D. B. Cerigo, H. Jeong, H. Youn, Technological novelty <\/span>profile and inventions future impact. EPJ Data Sci. 5, 8 <\/span>(2016). doi: 10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-016-0069-1<\/span><\/section>\n
        26. B. Uzzi, S. Mukherjee, M. Stringer, B. Jones, Atypical <\/span>combinations and scientific impact. Science 342, 468\u2013472 <\/span>(2013). doi: 10.1126\/science.1240474; pmid: 24159044<\/span><\/section>\n
        27. J. Wang, R. Veugelers, P. Stephan, \u201cBias against novelty in <\/span>science: A cautionary tale for users of bibliometric <\/span>indicators\u201d (NBER Working Paper No. 22180, National Bureau <\/span>of Economic Research, 2016).<\/span><\/section>\n
        28. J. P. Walsh, Y.-N. Lee, The bureaucratization of science. Res. <\/span>Policy 44, 1584\u20131600 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.respol.2015.04.010<\/span><\/section>\n
        29. A. M. Petersen, M. Riccaboni, H. E. Stanley, F. Pammolli, <\/span>Persistence and uncertainty in the academic career.<\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 5213\u20135218 (2012). <\/span>doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1121429109; pmid: 22431620<\/span><\/section>\n
        30. P. E. Stephan, How Economics Shapes Science (Harvard Univ.<\/span><\/section>\n
        Press, 2012).<\/span><\/section>\n
        31. P. Azoulay, J. S. Graff Zivin, G. Manso, Incentives and <\/span>creativity: Evidence from the academic life sciences. <\/span>Rand J. Econ. 42, 527\u2013554 (2011). doi: 10.1111\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        j.1756-2171.2011.00140.x<\/span><\/section>\n
        32. R. Freeman, E. Weinstein, E. Marincola, J. Rosenbaum, <\/span>F<\/span>. Solomon, Competition and careers in biosciences. Science<\/span><\/section>\n
        294, 2293\u20132294 (2001). doi: 10.1126\/science.1067477; <\/span>pmid: 11743184<\/span><\/section>\n
        33. J. A. Evans, J. G. Foster, Metaknowledge. Science <\/span>3<\/span>31, 721\u2013725 (2011). doi: 10.1126\/science.1201765; <\/span>pmid: 21311014<\/span><\/section>\n
        34. V. Larivi\u00e8re, C. Ni, Y. Gingras, B. Cronin, C. R. Sugimoto, <\/span>Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science. <\/span>Nature 504, 211\u2013213 (2013). doi: 10.1038\/504211a;<\/span><\/section>\n
        pmid: 24350369<\/span><\/section>\n
        35. S. F. Way, D. B. Larremore, A. Clauset, in Proceedings of <\/span>the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web <\/span>(WWW \u201816) (ACM, 2016), pp. 1169\u20131179.<\/span><\/section>\n
        36. J. Duch et al., The possible role of resource requirements and <\/span>academic career-choice risk on gender differences in <\/span>publication rate and i<\/span>mpact. PLOS ONE 7, e51332 (2012). <\/span>doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0051332; pmid: 23251502<\/span><\/section>\n
        37. J. D. West, J. Jacquet, M. M. King, S. J. Correll, C. T. Bergstrom, <\/span>The role of gender in scholarly authorship. PLOS ONE 8, <\/span>e66212 (2013). doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0066212; <\/span>pmid: 23894278<\/span><\/section>\n
        38. X. H. T. Zeng et al., Differences in collaboration patterns <\/span>across discipline, career stage, and gender. PLOS Biol. <\/span>14, e1002573 (2016). doi: 10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002573; <\/span>pmid: 27814355<\/span><\/section>\n
        39. T. J. Ley, B. H. Hamilton, The gender gap in NIH grant <\/span>applications. Science 322, 1472\u20131474 (2008). doi: 10.1126\/ <\/span>science.1165878; pmid: 19056961<\/span><\/section>\n
        40. C. A. Moss-Racusin, J. F. Dovidio, V. L. Brescoll, M. J. Graham, <\/span>J. Handelsman, Science faculty\u2019s subtle gender biases favor <\/span>male students. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 16474\u201316479<\/span><\/section>\n
        (2012). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1211286109; pmid: 22988126<\/span><\/section>\n
        41. R. Van Noorden, Global mobility: Science on the move. <\/span>Nature 490, 326\u2013329 (2012). doi: 10.1038\/490326a; <\/span>pmid: 23075963<\/span><\/section>\n
        42. O. A. Doria Arrieta, F. Pammolli, A. M. Petersen, Quantifying<\/span><\/section>\n
        the negative impact of brain drain on the integration of <\/span>European science. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602232 (2017). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        sciadv.1602232; pmid: 28439544<\/span><\/section>\n
        43. C. Franzoni, G. Scellato, P. Stephan, The mover\u2019s advantage: <\/span>The superior performance of migrant scientists. Econ. Lett. <\/span>1<\/span>22, 89\u201393 (2014). doi: 10.1016\/j.econlet.2013.10.040<\/span><\/section>\n
        44. C. R. Sugimoto et al., Scientists have most impact when <\/span>they\u2019re free to move. Nature 550, 29\u201331 (2017). <\/span>doi: 10.1038\/550029a; pmid: 28980663<\/span><\/section>\n
        45. A. Clauset, S. Arbesman, D. B. Larremore, Systematic <\/span>inequality and hierarchy in faculty hiring networks. Sci. Adv.<\/span>1, e1400005 (2015). doi: 10.1126\/sciadv.1400005; <\/span>pmid: 26601125<\/span><\/section>\n
        46. P. Deville et al., Career on the move: Geography, <\/span>stratification, and scientific impact. Sci. Rep. 4, 4770 <\/span>(2014). pmid: 24759743<\/span><\/section>\n
        47. A. M. Petersen et al., Reputation and impact in academic <\/span>careers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 15316\u201315321 <\/span>(2014). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1323111111; pmid: 25288774<\/span><\/section>\n
        48. D. K. Simonton, Creative productivity: A predictive and <\/span>explanatory model of career trajectories and landmarks. <\/span>Psychol. Rev. 104, 66\u201389 (1997). doi: 10.1037\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        0033-295X.104.1.66<\/span><\/section>\n
        49. R. Sinatra, D. Wang, P. Deville, C. Song, A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, <\/span>Quantifying the evolution of individual scientific impact. <\/span>Science 354, aaf5239 (2016). doi: 10.1126\/science.aaf5239; <\/span>pmid: 27811240<\/span><\/section>\n
        50. S. Wuchty, B. F. Jones, B. Uzzi, The increasing dominance <\/span>of teams in production of knowledge. Science 316, <\/span>1036\u20131039 (2007). doi: 10.1126\/science.1136099; <\/span>pmid: 17431139<\/span><\/section>\n
        51. N. J. Cooke, M. L. Hilton, Eds., Enhancing the Effectiveness of <\/span>Team Science (National Academies Press, 2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
        52. V. Larivi\u00e8re, Y. Gingras, C. R. Sugimoto, A. Tsou, Team size <\/span>matters: Collaboration and scientific impact since 1900. <\/span>J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 66, 1323\u20131332 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
        doi: 10.1002\/asi.23266<\/span><\/section>\n
        53. L. Wu, D. Wang, J. A. Evans, Large teams have developed <\/span>science and technology; small teams have disrupted it. <\/span>arXiv:1709.02445 [physics.soc-ph] (7 September 2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
        54. B. F. Jones, The burden of knowledge and the \u201cdeath <\/span>of the renaissance man\u201d: Is innovation getting harder? <\/span>Rev. Econ. Stud. 76, 283\u2013317 (2009). doi: 10.1111\/<\/span>j.1467-937X.2008.00531.x<\/span><\/section>\n
        55. S. Milojevi\u0107, Principles of scientific research team formation <\/span>and evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 3984\u20133989 <\/span>(2014). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1309723111; pmid: 24591626<\/span><\/section>\n
        56. G. Palla, A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, T. Vicsek, Quantifying social group <\/span>evolution. Nature 446, 664\u2013667 (2007). doi: 10.1038\/<\/span>nature05670; pmid: 17410175<\/span><\/section>\n
        57. G. J. Borjas, K. B. Doran, Which peers matter? The relative <\/span>impacts of collaborators, colleagues, and competitors. <\/span>Rev. Econ. Stat. 97, 1104\u20131117 (2015). doi: 10.1162\/<\/span>REST_a_00472<\/span><\/section>\n
        58. P. Azoulay, J. G. Zivin, J. Wang, Superstar extinction. Q. J. Econ. <\/span>125, 549\u2013589 (2010). doi: 10.1162\/qjec.2010.125.2.549<\/span><\/section>\n
        59. A. M. Petersen, Quantifying the impact of weak, strong, and <\/span>super ties in scientific careers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. <\/span>112, E4671\u2013E4680 (2015). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1501444112; <\/span>pmid: 26261301<\/span><\/section>\n
        60. R. K. Merton, The Matthew effect in science. Science 159, <\/span>56\u201363 (19<\/span>68). doi: 10.1126\/science.159.3810.56<\/span><\/section>\n
        61. L. Allen, J. Scott, A. Brand, M. Hlava, M. Altman, Publishing: <\/span>Credit where credit is due. Nature 508, 312\u2013313 (2014). <\/span>doi: 10.1038\/508312a; pmid: 24745070<\/span><\/section>\n
        62. H.-W. Shen, A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, Collective credit allocation in <\/span>science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 12325\u201312330 <\/span>(2014). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1401992111; pmid: 25114238<\/span><\/section>\n
        63. L. Waltman, A review of the literature on citation impact <\/span>indicators. J. Informetr. 10, 365\u2013391 (2016). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.joi.2016.02.007<\/span><\/section>\n
        64. J. E. Hirsch, An index to quantify an individual\u2019s scientific<\/span><\/section>\n
        research output. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, <\/span>16569\u201316572 (2005). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0507655102; <\/span>pmid: 16275915<\/span><\/section>\n
        65. H. F. Moed, Citation Analysis in Research Evaluation (Springer, 2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
        66. E. Garfield, Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation.<\/span><\/section>\n
        Science 178, 471\u2013479 (1972). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span>science.178.4060.471; pmid: 5079701<\/span><\/section>\n
        67. D. J. de Solla Price, Networks of scientific papers. Science<\/span><\/section>\n
        149, 510\u2013515 (1965). doi: 10.1126\/science.149.3683.510; <\/span>pmid: 14325149<\/span><\/section>\n
        68. Q. Zhang, N. Perra, B. Gon\u00e7alves, F. Ciulla, A. Vespignani,<\/span><\/section>\n
        Characterizing scientific production and consumption in <\/span>physics. Sci. Rep. 3, 1640 (2013). doi: 10.1038\/srep01640; <\/span>pmid: 23571320<\/span><\/section>\n
        69. F. Radicchi, S. Fortunato, C. Castellano, Universality of <\/span>citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of <\/span>scientific impact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105,<\/span><\/section>\n
        17268\u201317272 (2008). doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0806977105;<\/span><\/section>\n
        pmid: 18978030<\/span><\/section>\n
        70. L. Waltman, N. J. van Eck, A. F. J. van Raan, Universality <\/span>of citation distributions revisited. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. <\/span>63, 72\u201377 (2012). doi: 10.1002\/asi.21671<\/span><\/section>\n
        71. M. Golosovsky, S. Solomon, Runaway events dominate the <\/span>heavy tail of citation distributions. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. <\/span>205, 303\u2013311 (2012). doi: 10.1140\/epjst\/e2012-01576-4<\/span><\/section>\n
        72. C. Stegehuis, N. Litvak, L. Waltman, Predicting the long-term <\/span>citation impact of recent publications. J. Informetr. 9, <\/span>642\u2013657 (2015). doi: 10.10<\/span>16\/j.joi.2015.06.005<\/span><\/section>\n
        73. M. Thelwall, The discretised lognormal and hooked power law <\/span>distributions for complete citation data: Best options for <\/span>modelling and regression. J. Informetr. 10, 336\u2013346 (2016). <\/span>d<\/span>oi: 10.1016\/j.joi.2015.12.007<\/span><\/section>\n
        74. D. de Solla Price, A general theory of bibliometric and other <\/span>cumulative advantage processes. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 27, <\/span>292\u2013306 (1976). doi: 10.1002\/asi.4630270505<\/span><\/section>\n
        75. A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, R. Albert, Emergence of scaling in random <\/span>networks. Science 286, 509\u2013512 (1999). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span>science.286.5439.509; pmid: 10521342<\/span><\/section>\n
        76. P. D. B. Parolo et al., Attention decay in science. J. Informetr. <\/span>9, 734\u2013745 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/j.joi.2015.07.006<\/span><\/section>\n
        77. D. Wang, C. Song, A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, Quantifying long-term <\/span>scientific impact. Science 342, 127\u2013132 (2013). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span>science.1237825; pmid: 24092745<\/span><\/section>\n
        78. Y.-H. Eom, S. Fortunato, Characterizing and modeling <\/span>citation dynamics. PLOS ONE 6, e24926 (2011). doi: 10.1371\/<\/span><\/span>journal.pone.0024926; pmid: 21966387<\/span><\/section>\n
        79. M. Golosovsky, S. Solomon, Stochastic dynamical model of a <\/span>growing citation network based on a self-exciting point <\/span>process. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 098701 (2012). doi: 10.1103\/<\/span>PhysRevLett.109.098701; pmid: 23002894<\/span><\/section>\n
        80. A. F. J. van Raan, Sleeping Beauties in science. Scientometrics <\/span>59, 467\u2013472 (2004). doi: 10.1023\/B:SCIE.0000018543.82441.f1<\/span><\/section>\n
        81. Q. Ke, E. Ferrara, F. Radicchi, A. Flammini, Defining and<\/span><\/section>\n
        identifying Sleeping Beauties in science. Proc. Natl. Acad. <\/span>Sci. U.S.A. 112, 7426\u20137431 (2015). doi: 10.1073\/<\/span>pnas.1424329112; pmid: 26015563<\/span><\/section>\n
        82. I. Tahamtan, A. Safipour Afshar, K. Ahamdzadeh, Factors <\/span>affecting number of citations: A comprehensive review of the <\/span>literature. Scientometrics 107, 1195\u20131225 (2016). <\/span>doi: 10.1007\/s11192-016-1889-2<\/span><\/section>\n
        83. J. E. Hirsch, Does the h index have predictive power? <\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 19193\u201319198 (2007). <\/span>doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0707962104; pmid: 18040045<\/span><\/section>\n
        84. D. E. Acuna, S. Allesina, K. P. Kording, Future impact: <\/span>Predicting scientific success. Nature 489, 201\u2013202 (2012). <\/span>doi: 10.1038\/489201a; pmid: 22972278<\/span><\/section>\n
        85. O. Penner, R. K. Pan, A. M. Petersen, K. Kaski, S. Fortunato, <\/span>On the predictability of future impact in science. <\/span>Sci. Rep. 3, 3052 (2013). doi: 10.1038\/srep03052; <\/span>pmid: 24165898<\/span><\/section>\n
        86. J. R. Cole, H. Zuckerman, in The Idea of Social Structure: <\/span>Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton, L. A. Coser, Ed. <\/span>(<\/span>Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), pp. 139\u2013174.<\/span><\/section>\n
        87. P. Azoulay, Research efficiency: Turn the scientific method on<\/span><\/section>\n
        ourselves. Nature 484, 31\u201332 (2012). doi: 10.1038\/484031a;<\/span><\/section>\n
        pmid: 22481340<\/span><\/section>\n
        88. M. Thelwall, K. Kousha, Web indicators for research evaluation. <\/span>Part 1: Citations and links to academic articles from the Web. <\/span>Prof. Inf. 24, 587\u2013606 (2015). doi: 10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.08<\/span><\/section>\n
        89. M. Thelwall, K. Kousha, Web indicators for research <\/span>evaluation. Part 2: Social media metrics. Prof. Inf. 24, <\/span>607\u2013620 (2015). doi: 10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.09<\/span><\/section>\n
        90. L. Bornmann, What is societal impact of research and how <\/span>can it be assessed? A literature survey. Adv. Inf. Sci. 64, <\/span>217\u2013233 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
        91. C. Haeussler, L. Jiang, J. Thursby, M. Thursby, Specific and <\/span>general information sharing among competing academic <\/span>researchers. Res. Policy 43, 465\u2013475 (2014). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.respol.2013.08.017<\/span><\/section>\n
        92. A. Oettl, Sociology: Honour the helpful. Nature 489, 496\u2013497<\/span>(2012). doi: 10.1038\/489496a; pmid: 23018949<\/span><\/section>\n
        93. S. Ravindran, \u201cGetting credit for peer review,\u201d Science, 8 <\/span>February 2016; www.sciencemag.org\/careers\/2016\/02\/<\/span>getting-credit-peer-review.<\/span><\/section>\n
        94. R. Costas, Z. Zahedi, P. Wouters, Do \u201caltmetrics\u201d correlate <\/span>with citations? Extensive comparison of altmetric <\/span>indicators with citations from a multidisciplinary perspective. <\/span>J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 66, 2003\u20132019 (2015). <\/span>doi: 10.1002\/asi.23309<\/span><\/section>\n
        75. A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, R. Albert, Emergence of scaling in random <\/span>networks. Science 286, 509\u2013512 (1999). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span>science.286.5439.509; pmid: 10521342<\/span><\/section>\n
        76. P. D. B. Parolo et al., Attention decay in science. J. Informetr. <\/span>9, 734\u2013745 (2015). doi: 10.1016\/j.joi.2015.07.006<\/span><\/section>\n
        77. D. Wang, C. Song, A.-L. Barab\u00e1si, Quantifying long-term <\/span>scientific impact. Science 342, 127\u2013132 (2013). doi: 10.1126\/<\/span>science.1237825; pmid: 24092745<\/span><\/section>\n
        78. Y.-H. Eom, S. Fortunato, Characterizing and modeling <\/span>citation dynamics. PLOS ONE 6, e24926 (2011). doi: 10.1371\/<\/span>jo<\/span>urnal.pone.0024926; pmid: 21966387<\/span><\/section>\n
        79. M. Golosovsky, S. Solomon, Stochastic dynamical model of a <\/span>growing citation network based on a self-exciting point <\/span>process. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 098701 (2012). doi: 10.1103\/<\/span>PhysRevLett.109.098701; pmid: 23002894<\/span><\/section>\n
        80. A. F. J. van Raan, Sleeping Beauties in science. Scientometrics <\/span>59, 467\u2013472 (2004). doi: 10.1023\/B:SCIE.0000018543.82441.f1<\/span><\/section>\n
        81. Q. Ke, E. Ferrara, F. Radicchi, A. Flammini, Defining and <\/span>identifying Sleeping Beauties in science. Proc. Natl. Acad. <\/span>Sci. U.S.A. 112, 7426\u20137431 (2015). doi: 10.1073\/<\/span>p<\/span>nas.1424329112; pmid: 26015563<\/span><\/section>\n
        82. I. Tahamtan, A. Safipour Afshar, K. Ahamdzadeh, Factors <\/span>affecting number of citations: A comprehensive review of the <\/span>literature. Scientometrics 107, 1195\u20131225 (2016). <\/span>doi: 10.1007\/s11192-016-1889-2<\/span><\/section>\n
        83. J. E. Hirsch, Does the h index have predictive power? <\/span>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 19193\u201319198 (2007). <\/span>doi: 10.1073\/pnas.0707962104; pmid: 18040045<\/span><\/section>\n
        84. D. E. Acuna, S. Allesina, K. P. Kording, Future impact: <\/span>Predicting scientific success. Nature 489, 201\u2013202 (2012). <\/span>doi: 10.1038\/489201a; pmid: 22972278<\/span><\/section>\n
        85. O. Penner, R. K. Pan, A. M. Petersen, K. Kaski, S. Fortunato, <\/span>On the predictability of future impact in science. <\/span>Sci. Rep. 3, 3052 (2013). doi: 10.1038\/srep03052;<\/span><\/section>\n
        pmid: 24165898<\/span><\/section>\n
        86. J. R. Cole, H. Zuckerman, in The Idea of Social Structure: <\/span>Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton, L. A. Coser, Ed. <\/span>(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), pp. 139\u2013174.<\/span><\/section>\n
        87. P. Azoulay, Research efficiency: Turn the scientific method on <\/span>ourselves. Nature 484, 31\u201332 (2012). doi: 10.1038\/484031a; <\/span>pmid: 22481340<\/span><\/section>\n
        88. M. Thelwall, K. Kousha, Web indicators for research evaluation. <\/span>Part 1: Citations and links to academic articles from the Web. <\/span>Prof. Inf. 24, 587\u2013606 (2015). doi: 10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.08<\/span><\/section>\n
        89. M. Thelwall, K. Kousha, Web indicators for research <\/span>evaluation. Part 2: Social media metrics. Prof. Inf. 24, <\/span>607\u2013620 (2015). doi: 10.3145\/epi.2015.sep.09<\/span><\/section>\n
        90. L. Bornmann, What is societal impact of research and how <\/span>can it be assessed? A literature survey. Adv. Inf. Sci. 64, <\/span>217\u2013233 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
        91. C. Haeussler, L. Jiang, J. Thursby, M. Thursby, Specific and <\/span>general information sharing among competing academic <\/span>researchers. Res. Policy 43, 465\u2013475 (2014). doi: 10.1016\/<\/span>j.respol.2013.08.017<\/span><\/section>\n
        92. A. Oettl, Sociology: Honour the helpful. Nature 489, 496\u2013497 <\/span>(2012). doi: 10.1038\/489496a; pmid: 23018949<\/span><\/section>\n
        93. S. Ravindran, \u201cGetting credit for peer review,\u201d Science, 8<\/span><\/section>\n
        February 2016; www.sciencemag.org\/careers\/2016\/02\/<\/span><\/section>\n
        getting-credit-peer-review.<\/span><\/section>\n
        94. R. Costas, Z. Zahedi, P. Wouters, Do \u201caltmetrics\u201d correlate <\/span>with citations? Extensive comparison of altmetric <\/span>indicators with citations from a multidisciplinary perspective. <\/span>J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 66, 2003\u20132019 (2015). <\/span>doi: 10.1002\/asi.23309<\/span><\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n

        \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4
        <\/p>\n

        \u6765\u6e90\uff1ascience<\/p>\n

        \u539f\u9898\uff1ascience of science<\/p>\n

        \u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n

        https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/359\/6379\/eaao0185<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u6587\u732e\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u7075\u611f\u7b49\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u81ea\u751f\u957f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u79ef\u7d2f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u906d\u9047\u8bf8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5f00\u653e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b49\u89c6\u89d2\u5982\u4f55\u63ed\u793a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff1f\u671f\u520a\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4eba\u624d\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\uff1fAI\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5851\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u548c\u56de\u5e94\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u6311\u6218\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5d14\u6d69\u5ddd\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5b59\u70e8\u3001\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5927\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u9662\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u674e\u607a\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u5206\u6821\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5218\u9022\u6e90\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u7406\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u53e4\u6052\u5b87\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u300d\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece2024\u5e748\u670825\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u665a19:00-21:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba18-10\u5468\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n
        \n


        <\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/span>\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1f\u4e2a\u4eba\u79d1\u7814\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u9ad8\u5f15\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u89c4\u5212\u79d1\u7814\u8def\u7ebf\uff1f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u5927\u6709\u53ef\u4e3a\uff1f<\/span>\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e866\u671f\u300c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5341\u4f4d\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u7855\u535a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u793e\u533a\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u52a0\u5165\u4ea4\u6d41\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        \n


        <\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
        \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u5217\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5f00\u653e\u62db\u52df<\/strong><\/a><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
        1. <\/strong>PNAS\uff1a\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8ba1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u963b\u529b<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        2. <\/strong>PNAS\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u5374\u603b\u662f\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        3.<\/strong> Nature \u5c01\u9762\u6587\u7ae0\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u521b\u65b0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        5.<\/strong> \u96c6\u667aVIP\u96c6\u5408\u5566\uff01\u4e91\u5357\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7814\u4fee\u8425\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u667a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u6500\u767b\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9636\u68af\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
        6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

        <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u5bfc\u8bed \u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f15\u6587\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u6548\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\uff08the Science of Science\uff09\u30022018 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si \u9886\u8854\u591a\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5728 Science \u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u78c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":51839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51853"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/51839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51853"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=51853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}