{"id":51882,"date":"2024-07-31T18:33:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T10:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51882"},"modified":"2024-07-31T18:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T10:33:17","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9b%b8%e5%8f%98%e5%bf%85%e7%84%b6%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bc%8c%e8%80%8c%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e5%88%99%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%af%e9%a2%84%e6%9c%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=51882","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u76f8\u53d8\u5fc5\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u6f14\u5316\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 Stuart Kauffman \u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u5219\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff08Collectively Autocatalytic Sets\uff09\u548c\u76f8\u90bb\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\uff08Theory of the Adjacent Possible\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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Stuart Kauffman, Andrea Roll<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

John<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Is the Emergence of Life an Expected Phase Transition in the Evolving Universe?<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span><\/strong>\uff08CAS\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u6e90\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5f62\u6210\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u7531\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u98df\u7269\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u3002<\/span>\u56fe 1a \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/span> (2)<\/span>\u3002\u56fe 1b \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793a<\/span>\u4f8b (3)\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1a \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u5145\u5f53\u5e95\u7269\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u5b9e\u5fc3\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u70b9\u753b\u5230\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6846\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u5b9e\u5fc3\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6846\u6307\u5411\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u70b9\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u4f4d\u79fb\u3002\u4ece\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u70b9\u5230\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6846\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u54ea\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5916\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5355\u4f53\u548c\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\u98df\u7269\u7ec4\u663e\u793a\u5728\u7070\u8272\u692d\u5706\u5f62\u4e2d\u3002\u6e90\u81ea(28)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1b \u6e90\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e (3) \u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u692d\u5706\u5f62\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u79cd\u5355\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b A \u548c B \u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u70b9\uff09\u662f\u88c2\u89e3\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u692d\u5706\u5f62\u5230\u53cd\u5e94\u70b9\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6e90\u81ea(3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u7684\u53cc\u94fe RNA \u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u94fe\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u7684 RNA \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0cDNA\u3001RNA \u548c\u80bd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f DNA \u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u7531 G. von Kiedrowski \u6784\u5efa (7)\u3002N. Lehman \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 RNA \u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6 (8)\u3002\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u6784\u5efa\u5757\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u56fe2\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7531 G. Ashkenasy \u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e5d\u79cd\u80bd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6 (9)\u3002\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6 (10)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff089\uff09\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e5d\u79cd\u80bd\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u692d\u5706\u5f62\u663e\u793a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u663e\u793a\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u6839\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76ee\u524d\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u542b DNA\u3001RNA \u6216\u80bd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u56fe 3 (11,12)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u96c6\u5408\u5305\u542b\u6570\u767e\u5230\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u88c5\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u548c ATP\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\u5916<\/span>\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09<\/span>\u7e41\u6b96\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f3a\u70c8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3. \u7531\u6587\u732e (11) \u5bfc\u51fa\u3002\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u542b DNA\u3001RNA \u6216\u80bd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u9274\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u6a21\u677f\u590d\u5236\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4e89\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u88f8 RNA \u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa RNA \u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u50ac\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.2 \u751f\u547d\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u95ed\u5408<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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1790 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14\u00b7\u5eb7\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Immanuel Kant\uff09<\/span>\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709<\/strong>\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7269<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/span> (13)\u3002<\/span>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6c89\u7761\u4e86 230 \u5e74\u3002\u6240\u6709<\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/strong>\u90fd\u662f<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f60<\/strong>\u4e5f<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u3002\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u3001\u809d\u3001\u80be\u3001\u80ba\u3001\u8111\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f60\uff0c\u505a\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7ee7\u627f\u4f60\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6676\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7816\u5934\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7ec6\u80de\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe 2<\/strong>\u4e2d\u76849\u80bd\u7ec4\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u5747\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u7e41\u6b96<\/span>\uff08\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u505a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\uff0814,15,16\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u8fd1\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408 <\/span>\uff08Constraint Closure\uff09<\/span>(17)\u3002\u5176\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529f\u662f\u5c06\u80fd\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0818\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5e95\u90e8\u88c5\u6709\u706b\u836f\u7684\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u706b\u836f\u65c1\u8fb9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ae\u5f39\u3002\u5f53\u80fd\u91cf\u7206\u70b8\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u70ae\u65e2\u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u53c8\u662f\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u4ee5\u5c06\u70ae\u5f39\u4ece\u70ae\u819b\u4e2d\u70b8\u5f00\u3002\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u70ae\u5f39\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd93\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0819\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Ma\u00ebl Mont\u00e9vil \u548c Matteo Mossio \u5728 2015 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408<\/span>\uff08Constraint Closure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c(17)\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u8fc7\u7a0b 1\u30012 \u548c 3 \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f A\u3001B \u548c C\u3002\u8ba9 A \u7ea6\u675f\u8fc7\u7a0b 1 \u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u6765\u6784\u9020 B\u3002\u8ba9 B \u7ea6\u675f\u8fc7\u7a0b 2 \u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u6765\u6784\u9020 C\u3002\u8ba9 C \u7ea6\u675f\u8fc7\u7a0b 3 \u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u6765\u6784\u9020 A<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 1a\u30011b \u548c 2\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u95ed\u5305\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a A\u3001B \u548c C\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a 1\u30012 \u548c 3\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529f\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c A\u3001B \u548c C\uff01\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u8be5\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7ea6\u675f\u6784\u5efa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u649e\u51fb\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u6c7d\u6cb9\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u6d3b\u585e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8f66\u8f6e\u8f6c\u52a8\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u5206\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fe 2 \u4e2d<\/span>\u7684 9 \u80bd\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u80bd\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u80bd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u5145\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u9176\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u9176\u7684\u80bd\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u52bf\u5792\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u80bd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5f53\u80bd\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u80bd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u80bd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u884c\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u4e5f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Paul Davie<\/span>s (21) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u88c5\u7f6e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u8fd99\u80bd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u4e13\u95e8\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8bd1\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u5904\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u590d\u5236\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b49\u5236\u9020\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u901a\u7528\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u67d0\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u591a\u80bd\u7684\u968f\u673aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5408\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u706d\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u9636<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u3002\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u548c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u751f\u4f53\uff0c<\/strong><\/span>(22, 23)<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u9636<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u4e8c\u9636<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u3002\u591a\u7ec6\u80de<\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u4f53<\/strong>\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u9636\u548c\u4e00\u9636<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u4e09\u9636<\/strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u2014\u2014TAP\u7406\u8bba\u548cRAF\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u9884\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316<\/span>\uff08RAF\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 RAF \u7406\u8bba\u4e0e TAP \u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d RAF \u76f8\u53d8\u6700\u7ec8\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201cTAP-RAF\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u7531 CHNOPS<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u78b3\u3001\u6c22\u3001\u6c2e\u3001\u6c27\u3001\u78f7\u3001\u786b\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0824\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7531\u4f8b\u5982 10 \u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u952e\u5408\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143 A \u548c B \u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u805a\u5408\u7269<\/span>\uff08ABBABAABBA\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7834\u574f\u76f8\u90bb\u6784\u5efa\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 9 \u4e2a\u952e\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5373\u53ef\u8f7b\u677e\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u805a\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 9 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u5408\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94 R \u4e0e\u5206\u5b50 M \u7684\u6bd4\u7387 R\/M \u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u70b9\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6846\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5e94\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\u6846\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u53cd\u5e94\u6846\u6307\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff083, 15\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5f88\u5173\u952e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ece\u76f8\u5173\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u5b83\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u90e8\u8d85\u56fe\uff0c\u89c1\u56fe 1b\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u90e8\u8d85\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u56fe 1b \u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e8c\u90e8\u8d85\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6 (3)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u54ea\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7279\u5b9a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u89c1\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u7387 Pcat \u6765\u50ac\u5316\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (3, 15, 25)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1 \u968f\u673a\u56fe\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1959 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6 Erdos \u548c Renyi \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8bba\u6587 <\/span>(26)<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a<\/span>\u56fe\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u5355\u70b9\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u3001\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u4efb\u4f55\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
Erdos \u548c Renyi \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ece N \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u7528\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u9009\u53d6\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e76\u7528\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4ee4 N \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fde\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a L\u3002\u8003\u8651\u6bd4\u7387\uff1aL\/N\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a N\uff0c\u5f53 L \u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u56fe\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53 L\/N \u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u5230 0.5 \u65f6\uff0c\u5947\u8ff9\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8be5\u5de8\u578b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u7387 L\/N = 0.5 \u662f\u4e00\u9636\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8282\u70b9 N\uff0c\u968f\u7740 L \u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u8d85\u8fc7 L\/N = 0.5\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2.2 <\/strong> \u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9636\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a RAF\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5206\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8d85\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8003\u8651\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u56fe\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u8868\u793a\u50ac\u5316\u4efb\u610f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u53cd\u5e94\u6982\u7387 Pcat\u3002\u6839\u636e\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u50ac\u5316\u54ea\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914dPcat\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff1f\u5f53 Pcat \u503c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u53d6\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53cd\u5e94\u88ab\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff083,15,26\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8db3\u591f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u73b0\u8c61\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4fdd\u6301 Pcat \u6052\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u7387 R\/M \u5fc5\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u53ca R\/M \u6bd4\u7387\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>\uff08RAF\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u6982\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1 1.0\uff09<\/span>\uff083\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2.3 \u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b (14) \u5728 1971 \u5e74\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\u30021986 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7bc7\u7531Kauffman\u5355\u72ec\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff09<\/span> (15)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7531Farmer, Packard \u548c Kauffman \u5171\u540c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4e8c\u5143\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee3\u7801\uff083\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5747\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u5355\u4f53 A \u548c B \u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6 L \u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709 2L+1<\/sup> \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u542b\u53ef\u80fd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5b50\u96c6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u98df\u7269\u96c6\u201d\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u88c2\u89e3\u548c\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u4e14\u56fa\u5b9a\u50ac\u5316\u6982\u7387\u7684 Pcat \u6765\u50ac\u5316\u6bcf\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684 Pcat\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u957f\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 L \u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u968f\u7740 R\/M \u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1 1.0\u3002\u56fe 1b \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5957\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u91cf<\/span>\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0827,28,29\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u4e00\u3001<\/span>\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u54ea\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u54ea\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5747\u5300\u7684\u6216\u5e42\u5f8b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u5305\u542b\u5e8f\u5217\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u6bcf\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6570\u91cf\u5728 1 \u5230 2 \u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u56db\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cHordijk \u548c Steel \u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7ec4\u7684\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf (28, 29)\u3002Vassas \u7b49\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5f53\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\uff0829\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u9057\u4f20\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528 (11,12)\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2.4 \u6f14\u5316\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5316\u5b66\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u5206\u5b50\u7e41\u6b96<\/span>\uff08\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u3001\u5938\u514b\u3001\u80f6\u5b50\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b87\u5b99\u51b7\u5374\uff0c\u5f3a\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6c22\u3001\u94cd\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5269\u4f59\u7684 98 \u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u4e86(30)\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u4f4e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u4e86(31)\u300250 \u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u7684\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u4e00\u9f50\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9ed8\u5947\u68ee\u9668\u77f3<\/span>\uff08The Murchison meteorite\uff09<\/span>\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u79cd\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(32)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b M \u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 R \u8db3\u591f\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53 R\/M \u6bd4\u503c\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2.5 \u65b0\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014TAP\u548cRAF<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6<\/span>\uff08RAF\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6210\u719f\uff0815,16,25,27,28,29\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06 RAF \u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7406\u8bba TAP (33,34,35) \u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2.6 The TAP Equation TAP \u65b9\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
TAP \u65b9\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u56fe 4 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u503c\u548c\u5b9a\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08<\/span>33,34,35\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u662f\u663e\u8457\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u5b50\u6570\u4e3a Mt\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728 Mt \u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a i \u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff08Mt \u9009\u62e9 i\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u6982\u7387 alphai <\/sup>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 0 < alpha < 1.0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5c11\u91cf\u8d77\u59cb\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u526f\u672c\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7f13\u6162\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53cc\u66f2\u7ebf\u5411\u4e0a\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fbe\u5230\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff0c(33,34 35)\uff0c\u56fe 4\u3002TAP \u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5316\u5b66\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u6a21\u578b\uff0c(31,32)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4. \u4e34\u8fd1\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\uff5c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aW. Hordijk<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5c06 TAP \u548c RAF \u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8be5\u8054\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9884\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u8ba9 TAP \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u6982\u7387 Pcat \u968f\u673a\u50ac\u5316 TAP \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u8868\uff0836\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u52301.0\uff0836\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2aTAP-RAF \u8054\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u591a\u6837\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e TAP \u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6bd4\u7387R\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50M\u3001R\/M\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50M\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u96c6\u7684\u5206\u5b50R\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u5019\u9009\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cM\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6982\u7387Pcat\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5e42\u5f8b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d3b\u529b\uff08<\/strong>\u00c9lan Vital<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong> <\/strong>\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u5316<\/strong>\u4e2d<\/strong>\u7684\u751f\u547d<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u80fd\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u4e5f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u58f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u6db2\u55b7\u53e3\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u53e3\u888b\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5728\u8102\u8d28\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8102\u8d28\u819c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u540c\u4e00\u5316\u5b66\u50ac\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\u7684\uff0837,38\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u79cd\u95ed\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u95ed\u5408\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u662fBergson\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u6d3b\u529b<\/span>\uff08Bergson\u2019s mysterious \u00e9lan vital\uff09<\/span>\uff0839\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u795b\u9b45\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u968f\u7740\u53ef\u9884\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 R. Hazen \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\u5219\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76f8<\/span>\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904 (40)\u3002\u4f5c<\/span>\u8005\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u79cd\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u975e\u751f\u547d\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u73b0\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u5316\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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3. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u725b\u987f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u5728\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u9648\u8ff0\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4ee5\u5fae\u5206\u5f62\u5f0f\u9648\u8ff0\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u725b\u987f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\uff084\uff09\u8bf4\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\uff085\uff09\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u8f68\u8ff9 (41,42,43)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u6ce2\u52a8\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u79ef\u5206\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8574\u542b\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0842,43\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0842,43\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u63a8\u65ad\u6216\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.1 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684 (42,43)\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1\uff0e\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u975e\u5faa\u73af\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6cf5\u8840\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u51fa\u5fc3\u97f3\u6216\u4f7f\u5fc3\u5305\u56ca\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u6447\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u62e9\u6cf5\u8840\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9057\u4f20\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u826f\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u826f\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u662f\u88ab\u95f4\u63a5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u56e0\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u5b50\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9884\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u7ef4\u5df4\u79f0\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u9002\u5e94\uff0844\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6050\u9f99\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u8282\u4f53\u6e29\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u7684\u9cde\u7247\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u98de\u7fbd\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9176\u53d8\u6210\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6676\u72b6\u4f53\u86cb\u767d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4ece\u80ba\u9c7c\u7684\u80ba\u90e8\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u9c7c\u9cd4\uff0843\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u63a8\u7406\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7f38\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u9547\u7eb8\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7f38\u4f53\u6709\u5c16\u89d2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6572\u5f00\u6930\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7f38\u4f53\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9547\u7eb8\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6572\u5f00\u6930\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9999\u8549\u76ae\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9547\u7eb8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7528\u9014\u662f\u201c\u5e94\u6025\u62fc\u51d1\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e94\u6025\u80e1\u4e71\u62fc\u51d1\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u771f\u6b63\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6f14\u7ece\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u652f\u914d\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c(42,43)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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7. \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5217\u51fa\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7f38\u4f53\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u9014\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5217\u51fa\u87ba\u4e1d\u5200\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u9014\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff1a\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u516c\u7406\u662f\u5916\u5ef6\u6027\u516c\u7406\uff0c\uff0845\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u76f8\u7b49\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u540c\u7684 11 \u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7f38\u4f53\u7684\u672a\u5217\u5165\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e0e\u87ba\u4e1d\u5200\u7684\u672a\u5217\u5165\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u7528\u9014\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u516c\u7406\u4e5f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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9. \u6574\u4e2a\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0842,43\uff09\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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10. \u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u3002\u5fc3\u810f\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u6cf5\u8840\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7bad\u5934\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u65b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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11. \u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u523b\u5728\u8457\u540dT\u6064\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u5708\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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12. \u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff08<\/span>48\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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14. \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0843\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u7591\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u82b1\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u7efd\u653e\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5982\u540c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u6ce1\u6cab\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4f1a\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u56fa\u5316\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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1. \u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7cfb\u5916\u884c\u661f(49,50)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u661f\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e(50)\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f53\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u7e41\u6b96<\/span>\uff08\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u5916\u884c\u661f\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u6b64\u7c7b\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ec4\u5df2\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f Xavier \u7b49\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0811,12\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5728\u4f53\u5916\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u521b\u5efa\u9ad8\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u6587\u5e93\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cOtt \u8fdb\u884c\u7684 Miller Urey \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ece\u4ec5\u56db\u79cd\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u79cd\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8d28\u8c31\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9274\u5b9a (51)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6b7b\u672a\u535c<\/span>\uff08\u201cGo or No Go\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u201c\u5426\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\u201c\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u60f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4efd\u4e3a\u80bdRNA\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6a21\u677f\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff085<\/span>2,53,54\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bb8\u591a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u6211\u4eec\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u5230\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u516d\u6b21\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u590d\u6742\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u521b\u4e16\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523050\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u3002\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5e15\u65af\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u53ea\u6765\u81ea\u751f\u547d\uff0855\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea Haldane \u548c Opari<\/span>n (56,57) \u4ee5\u53ca<\/span> 1953 \u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684 Miller Urey \u5b9e\u9a8c (58) \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6a21\u677f\u590d\u5236\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b(4,5,6)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u5408\u7406\u9014\u5f84\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e8e 1971 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\uff0814\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd DNA\u3001RNA \u548c\u80bd\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5e8f\u5217\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002Xavier \u73b0\u5728\u5728\u6240\u6709 6700 \u79cd\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u542b DNA\u3001RNA \u6216\u80bd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6 (11,12)\u3002\u8fd9\u5f3a\u70c8\u8868\u660e<\/span>\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u7e41\u6b96\uff08\u590d\u5236\uff09\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u53ef\u9884\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u81ea\u725b\u987f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u76f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u725b\u987f\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u8303\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e14\u5df2\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u95ed\u5408\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u8611\u83c7\u4e91\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5f\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ec8<\/span>\u7ed3 (59)\u3002\u5728 21<\/span> \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u51e0\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    1. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u600e\u6837\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5165\u95e8\u5168\u8def\u5f84<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2. <\/strong>\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1aScience\u520a\u6587\u63ed\u793a\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5316\u5b66\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u7f51\u7edc<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    3.<\/strong> \u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7d22<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    5.<\/strong> \u96c6\u667aVIP\u96c6\u5408\u5566\uff01\u4e91\u5357\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7814\u4fee\u8425\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u667a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u6500\u767b\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9636\u68af\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

    6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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