{"id":52984,"date":"2024-10-03T16:02:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T08:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=52984"},"modified":"2024-10-03T16:02:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T08:02:29","slug":"%e4%b9%94%e6%b2%bb%c2%b7%e5%b8%95%e9%87%8c%e8%a5%bf%e7%9a%84%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%94%bb%e5%83%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%92%8c%e5%85%b6%e4%bb%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=52984","title":{"rendered":"\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u753b\u50cf\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u8fd9\u7bc7\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Journal of Physics: Complexity <\/em>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e862021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\uff08Giorgio Parisi\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u968f\u673a\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u3001KPZ\u65b9\u7a0b\u3001\u968f\u673a\u5171\u632f\u3001\u690b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Leticia F Cugliandolo<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9f9a\u94ed\u5eb7<\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u9898\u76ee\uff1aA scientific portrait of Giorgio Parisi: complex systems and much more<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2632-072X\/acb8a1<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u56e0\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u884c\u661f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u6da8\u843d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u800c\u83b7\u5f972021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u5956\u9879\u6388\u4e88\u4e86 Syukuro Manabe \u548c Klaus Hasselmann\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u9881\u5956\u8bcd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2021\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u2014\u2014\u53d1\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u5171\u632f\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u4e0e Roberto Benzi\u3001Alfonso Sutera \u548c Angelo Vulpiani \u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u968f\u673a\u5171\u632f<\/span>\uff08stochastic resonance\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u662f\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u4f17\u591a\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u8fd9\u4e00\u5178\u578b\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u590d\u672c\u5bf9\u79f0\u7834\u7f3a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5e73\u5747\u573a\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\uff09<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u5c06\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u6781\u5177\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5353\u8d8a\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u8db3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u88ab\u4eb2\u5207\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u201d<\/span>\uff08the beyond\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6307 M\u00e9zard \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u8d85\u8d8a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Spin-glass theory and beyond<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u6765\u81ea\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684Panisperna\u7537\u5b69\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u6211\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u9057\u5740\u5899\u7167\u7247\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684 Giovanni Jona-Lasinio\u3001Carlo di Castro\u3001Giovanni Gallavotti\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684 Nicola Cabibbo \u548c Guido Altarelli\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u6559\u6388\u56e2\u961f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u52a0\u5165\u4e86 Cabibbo \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u516d\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5217\u5728\u56fe2\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u540c\u5b66 Luca Peliti \u548c Marco D\u2019Eramo \u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u4e34\u754c\u6307\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u73bb\u8272\u6db2\u4f53\u03bb<\/span>\u70b9\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u5171\u5f62\u7fa4\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5171\u5f62\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u5171\u5f62\u5f15\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1[7]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u7684 Alexander Polyakov \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709 Raoul Gatto \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u7684[8, 9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u8bba\u6587\u5217\u8868\u3002G. Parisi \u7684\u7f51\u9875 https:\/\/chimera.roma1.infn.it\/GIORGIO\/papers.html \u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u622a\u56fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u573a\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u548c\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1[11]\u4e2d\u7684[10]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e Guido Altarelli<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\uff09<\/span>\u5408\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300aParton\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u81ea\u7531\u300b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u7684 Dokshitzer\u2013Gribov\u2013Lipatov\u2013Altarelli\u2013Parisi \u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 parton \u5206\u5e03\u51fd\u6570\u968f\u80fd\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u5316[12]\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u662f2015\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u9ad8\u80fd\u4e0e\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5956\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u5176\u5728\u8d28\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5938\u514b\u548c\u80f6\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u7387\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5b50\u95f4\u9ad8\u80fd\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9 Guido Altarelli \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u56de\u5fc6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u201c…… Guido \u559c\u6b22\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u662f\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u4e0e\u8428\u514b\u96f7\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684 \u00c9douard Br\u00e9zin\u3001Claude Itzykson \u548c Jean-Bernard Zuber \u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5176\u65e0\u9650\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6781\u9650\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f ‘t Hooft \u9996\u521b\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u5e73\u9762\u56fe<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u2018\u5730\u56fe\u2019\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[14]\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6062\u590d\u8bb8\u591a\u4e4b\u524d\u7531\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6 William Tutte \u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5927N\u978d\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5947\u70b9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5c06\u79bb\u6563\u53c2\u6570\u8fde\u7eed\u5316\u5e76\u53d6\u5176\u6781\u9650\u81f3\u4fbf\u5229<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u5de7\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\u30021972\u5e74\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002de Gennes \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 O(n) \u6a21\u578b\u7684n\u2192\u221e\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7a00\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e [15]\u3002Bollini \u548c Giambiagi [16]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 ‘t Hooft \u548c Veltman [17]\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5728\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u8d39\u66fc\u56fe\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u6563\u79ef\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u78c1\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u78c1\u6742\u8d28\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6d53\u5ea6\u968f\u673a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u653e\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5236\u5907\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684 [18]\u3002\u78c1\u77e9\u5bf9<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79f0\u81ea\u65cb\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7 Ruderman\u2013Kittel\u2013Kasuya\u2013Yosida \u4ea4\u6362\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6dec\u706b\u968f\u673a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6dec\u706b\u968f\u673a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u4f5c\u7528\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81ea\u65cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u8ddd\u79bb\u8870\u51cf\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u77ed\u7a0b\u5e42\u5f8b\u3002\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u963b\u632b<\/span>\uff08frustration\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6750\u6599\u7ec6\u8282\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5206<\/span>\uff08Heisenberg\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5206<\/span>\uff08XY\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08Ising\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6a21\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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