{"id":53026,"date":"2024-10-08T20:50:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T12:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53026"},"modified":"2024-10-08T20:50:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T12:50:42","slug":"2024%e5%b9%b4%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e8%af%ba%e5%a5%96%e6%8e%88%e4%ba%88%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%bc%95%e5%8f%91%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53026","title":{"rendered":"2024\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u8bfa\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9769\u547d"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f410\u67088\u65e5\u4e0b\u53485\u70b945\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u9881\u5956\uff0c\u6388\u4e88John J. Hopfield \u548c Geoffrey E. Hinton\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff08Ising Model\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u6269\u5c55\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfa\u5956\u3002\u6587\u672b\u9644\u5e26\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u767e\u79d1\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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John Hopfield @The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024<\/span><\/p>\n

John Hopfield 1954 \u5e74\u5728\u65af\u6c83\u65af\u83ab\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1958 \u5e74\u5728\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7406\u8bba\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff09\u4efb\u6559\u3002John Hopfield 1969 \u5e74\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u30fb\u5df4\u514b\u5229\u5956\uff0c1973 \u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c2001 \u5e74\u83b7\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08ICTP\uff09\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u5956\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Geoffrey E. Hinton@The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024<\/span><\/p>\n

Geoffrey Hinton\uff0c2018\u5e74\u56fe\u7075\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a”\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u7236”\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002Hinton\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6563\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002Hinton\u5bf9AI\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u6280\u672f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6fc0\u52b1\u7740\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u548c\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5341\u5206\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728 Hopfield \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/a>\u201d<\/span>\uff08Ising Model\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u4e0e\u65e0\u5e8f\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5c55\u73b0\u6709\u5e8f-\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e34\u754c\u76f8\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fd7\u7248\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u6751\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\u8fd8\u662f\u674e\u56db\uff1f\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5468\u56f4\u56db\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u9009\u5f20\u4e09\u591a\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6751\u6c11\u4e5f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6295\u7968\u5f20\u4e09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e0d\u53bb\u987e\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u613f\u6765\u6295\u7968\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u5c31\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6295\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6f14\u5316\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u7968\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u8c03\u6574\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u62e9\u503e\u5411\u6027\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503e\u5411\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u968f\u673a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u503e\u5411\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6751\u6c11\u90fd\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5230\u5e95\u9009\u5f20\u4e09\u8fd8\u662f\u674e\u56db\u800c\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7bad\u5934\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u540d\u6751\u6c11\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u62e9\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u674e\u56db\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5de6\u53f3\u56db\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u613f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Hopfield \u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u524d\u9988\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5dee\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0cHinton \u5c31\u5728 Hopfield \u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u8d77\u5230\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08Restricted Boltzmann machine\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c06\u591a\u79cd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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