{"id":53098,"date":"2024-10-13T08:29:19","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T00:29:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53098"},"modified":"2024-10-13T08:29:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T00:29:19","slug":"%e6%98%86%e8%99%ab%e4%b9%9f%e6%9c%89%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e6%98%86%e8%99%ab%e8%84%91%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%8e%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53098","title":{"rendered":"\u6606\u866b\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5417\uff1f\u6606\u866b\u8111\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lars Chittka\u3001Catherine Wilson<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u90ed\u8d85<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c39\u7231\u534e<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>| \u7f16\u8f91<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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17 \u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u52d2\u5185\u00b7\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Ren\u00e9 Descartes\uff09<\/span>\u517b\u4e86\u6761\u72d7\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u522e\u75d5\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6c89\u601d\u6563\u6b65\u65f6\u5e38\u5728\u8eab\u65c1\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u559c\u7231\u72d7\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5728 1646 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u5c11\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8de8\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u6709\u4eba\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u89c6\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u4e3a\u7075\u5de7\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span>\uff08automata\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u9884\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff0c\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u5927\u7329\u7329\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6606\u866b\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u5e76\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u57cb\u85cf\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u7684\u57c3\u5a03\u00b7\u96c5\u5e03\u9686\u5361<\/span>\uff08Eva Jablonka\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6089\u5c3c\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u5df4\u4f26<\/span>\uff08Andrew Barron\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6089\u5c3c\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u6208\u5f17\u96f7-\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span>\uff08Peter Godfrey-Smith\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u582a\u57f9\u62c9\u7684\u79d1\u6797\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u56e0<\/span>\uff08Colin Klein\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u76ee\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u665a\u671f\u624d\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff1b\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u53e4\u8001\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 5 \u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u6839\u6e90\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5e94\uff08adaptation\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd0\u52a8\u751f\u7269\u4ece\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u4e14\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u6bd4\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9884\u89c1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u82ac<\/span>\uff08Donald Griffin\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u52a8\u7269\u5fc3\u667a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Animal Minds<\/em>, 1992\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8111\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89c4\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u672c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5197\u957f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u871c\u8702\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u8fbe\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5750\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u821e\u8e48\u8bed\u8a00\u201d<\/span>\uff08dance language\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8702\u4ece\u4f18\u8d28\u82b1\u4e1b\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u8702\u7bb1\u5185\u7ad6\u76f4\u7684\u8702\u5de2\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u590d\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u871c\u8702\u4f1a\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u89c5\u98df\u8702\u5148\u6cbf\u76f4\u7ebf\u5411\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u51e0\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5411\u5de6\u7ed5\u534a\u5708\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u6cbf\u539f\u5148\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5411\u53f3\u7ed5\u5708\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u76f4\u7ebf\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u544a\u8bc9\u5176\u4ed6\u871c\u8702\u98df\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u884c\u8fdb\u5bf9\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u70b9\u65b9\u5411\u4e00\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u76f4\u7ebf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5219\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b9\u5411\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8702\u5de2\u4e0a\u7ad6\u76f4\u5411\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u871c\u8702\u5e94\u8be5\u671d\u5411\u592a\u9633\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u671d\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u98de\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u9879 1945 \u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8ba9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span>\uff08Karl von Frisch\uff09<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8baf\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5e0c\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u6797\u9053\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Martin Lindauer\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u8702\u7bb1\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u871c\u8702\u4f1a\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u5c55\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c5\u98df\u5b9d\u5730\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u5348\u591c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u8c08\u8bba\u201d\u524d\u4e00\u665a\u53bb\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u65e5\u51fa\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u8ba8\u8bba\u201d\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u65e9\u6668\u53bb\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u871c\u8702\u5728\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u89c5\u98df\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u56e0\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u9700\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8131\u79bb\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5c1a\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u871c\u8702\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u81ea\u53d1\u56de\u5fc6\u89c5\u98df\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u6291\u6216\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de9\u56fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u871c\u8702\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u7761\u7720\u4e2d\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u871c\u8702\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u601d\u8003\u548c\u201c\u4ea4\u8c08\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u505a\u68a6\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6797\u9053\u5c14\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u201c\u79bb\u7ebf\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ec5\u7531\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u9965\u997f\uff09\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u4f3c\u4e4e\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong><\/span>\uff08self-recognition\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u56de\u60f3\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u6362\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7c7b\u4eba\u733f\u548c\u9e26\u79d1\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8bc6\u522b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u968f\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u7a81\u7136\u503e\u659c 45 \u5ea6\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u6709\u610f\u503e\u659c\u4e86\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f02\u5e38\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u5e76\u672a\u79fb\u52a8\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u9003\u8dd1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u526f\u672c\u201d<\/span>\uff08efference copy\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u611f\u77e5\u526f\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u52a8\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u5916\u529b\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u968f\u610f\u8f6c\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u610f\u56fe\u9884\u6d4b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u611f\u77e5\u526f\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u65e9\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u5219\u662f\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u970d\u5c14\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08Erich von Holst\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u970d\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u7c73\u7279\u5c14\u65bd\u6cf0\u7279<\/span>\uff08Horst Mittelstaedt\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u8702\u8747\u65f6\u9996\u521b\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u98a0\u5012\u4e86\u8702\u8747\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\u6765\u81ea\u5de6\u53f3\u773c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u7c97\u7cd9<\/span>\uff08\u4e14\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u5c06\u8702\u8747\u7684\u7ec6\u9888\u626d\u8f6c 180 \u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u98a0\u5012\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u7c98\u56fa\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u52a8\u7269\u5411\u5de6\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8f6c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u5b83\u6240\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u7531\u7ad6\u76f4\u6761\u7eb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u98a0\u5012\u3002\u5931\u53bb\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u9884\u89c1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8702\u8747\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u67a2\u6027\u7684\u707e\u96be\uff01\u201d\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u5934\u90e8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6606\u866b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5177\u5907\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u81ea\u8eab\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd8\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5185\u5728\u201c\u6307\u4ee4\u624b\u518c\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6606\u866b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7956\u5148\u4ece\u672a\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u3002200 \u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u76f2\u4eba\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u4f11\u4f2f<\/span>\uff08Fran\u00e7ois Huber\uff09\uff08\u4e0e\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u739b\u4e3d\u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u5415\u6797\u548c\u4ec6\u4eba\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u5ae9\u65af\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u8702\u5de2\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9884\u89c1\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6606\u866b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/strong>\u7cbe\u795e\u836f\u7269\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u3001\u6291\u5236\u98df\u6b32\u7684\u5174\u594b\u5242\u3001\u9547\u9759\u5242\u548c\u81f4\u5e7b\u5242\u7b49\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u548c\u771f\u83cc\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u7684\u610f\u5916\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u98df\u8349\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u963b\u904f\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u504f\u597d\u90a3\u4e9b\u871c\u6c41\u4e2d\u63ba\u6709\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u7684\u82b1\u6735\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5df4\u4f0a\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u52a0\u5229\u7279\u00b7\u8096\u54c8\u7279\u5965\u83f2\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Galit Shohat-Ophir\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4ea4\u914d\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u7684\u679c\u8747\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u9152\u7cbe\u6444\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53d1\u9175\u6c34\u679c\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u6709\u610f\u7684\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u8c03\u9002\u201d\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u60c5\u7eea\u8c03\u9002\u201d\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u70c8\u6697\u793a\u52a8\u7269\u62e5\u6709\u5185\u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u4f20\u9012\u6216\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u4f46\u6606\u866b\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u672a\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u667a\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u5fc5\u5bfb\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u6606\u866b\u610f\u8bc6\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5c0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u622a\u6b62\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6807\u8bb0\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u201d<\/span><\/span>\uff08Neural Correlate of Consciousness, NCC\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6606\u866b\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 NCC \u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edd\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f8\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8111\u7684\u7ea6 850 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u8111\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u5927\u7ea6 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u8d77\u5206\u652f\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u582a\u6bd4\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6a61\u6811\u3002<\/strong>\u871c\u8702\u7684\u8111\u53ef\u80fd\u6709 10 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u88ab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5851\u9020\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c31\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u679c\u8747\uff0c\u5176\u89c6\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 150 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5219\u4e0d\u5230 100 \u79cd\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u00b7\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u5361\u54c8\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c \u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f7b\u89c6\u4e86\u6606\u866b\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7684\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6216\u9ad8\u7b49\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u663e\u5f97\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u7b80\u964b\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u5730\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u8111\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7406\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5c04\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ece\u611f\u5b98\u5668\u5b98\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6606\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ece\u8111\u4e2d\u592e\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u611f\u89c9\u5916\u5468\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\u5728\u7c7b\u6ce8\u610f\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u805a\u7126\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u719f\u6089\u7684\u82b1\u6735\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u82b1\u6735\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6606\u58eb\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u65af\u6e29\u5fb7\u4f26<\/span>\uff08Bruno van Swinderen\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u871c\u8702\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e\u5173\u6ce8\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u871c\u8702\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8111\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u6765\u81ea\u8111\u5185\u90e8\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u610f\u8bc6\u65f6\u90fd\u683c\u5916\u5f15\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8303\u00b7\u65af\u6e29\u5fb7\u4f26\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u5728\u7761\u7720\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8111\u6ce2<\/strong>\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u7761\u7720\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u773c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08REM\uff09<\/span>\u7761\u7720\u671f\u95f4\u4f34\u968f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7761\u7720\u9636\u6bb5\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u7684\u8111\u4ece\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u5173\u95ed\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u871c\u8702\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u68a6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u6d77\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Lewis Held<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6837\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u770b\u4f3c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08deep homology\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u201c\u8d8b\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5982\u6d77\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u540c\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u817f\u6216\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u6606\u866b\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u578b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u6606\u866b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u662f\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u65e0\u8db3\u8815\u866b\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u679c\u8747\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5916\u8868\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6709\u5934\u3001\u80f8\u3001\u8179\u3001\u817f\u4ee5\u53ca\u611f\u5b98\u5668\u5b98\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u4ece\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8111\u3002\u6606\u866b\u8111\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u201d\u548c\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong>\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd0\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53d7\u635f\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u548c\u7761\u7720\u7d0a\u4e71\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5df4\u4f26<\/span>\uff08Barron\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u514b\u83b1\u56e0<\/span>\uff08Klein\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ecb\u5bfc\u6606\u866b\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8111\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5462\uff1f\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587<\/span>\uff08Charles Darwin\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f8e\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6241\u866b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u5177\u5907\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u690d\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Power of Movement in Plants<\/em>, <\/em>1880\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u690d\u7269\u7684\u6839\u7cfb\u6216\u4e3b\u6839\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8111\u4f5c\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u8fbe\u56fa\u5b9a\u548c\u517b\u5206\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd1\u6765\u6709\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u8482\u585e\u514b\u00b7\u5df4\u9c81\u4ec0\u5361<\/span>\uff08Franti\u0161ek Balu\u0161ka\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u690d\u7269\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u660e\u663e\u5f31\u4e8e\u6606\u866b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u690d\u7269\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u830e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f20\u7ed5\u6216\u4f9d\u9760\uff0c\u4f46\u690d\u7269\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6574\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u4e14\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bfc\u822a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u533a\u5206\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u66f4\u591a\u52a8\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u4e14\u4ec5\u662f\u52a8\u7269\uff09<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u524d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u56de\u5e94\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u7f3a\u4e4f\u89c9\u5bdf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u610f\u8bc6\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u610f\u5fd7\u201d<\/span><\/span>\uff08volition\uff09<\/span>\u4f53\u9a8c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u526f\u73b0\u8c61\u201d<\/span><\/span>\uff08epiphenomenal\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8111\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u4f30\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u610f\u8bc6\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u65e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u6291\u6216\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5916\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6444\u98df\uff0c\u9003\u907f\u5929\u654c\uff0c\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u76f2\u89c6<\/span>\uff08blindsight\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u8fa8\u522b\u4e0a\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u8d85\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f2\u731c\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u76f2\u89c6\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u8111\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u5404\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7fc5\u8180\u6216\u80ba\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u660e<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u63a2\u6d4b\u73af\u5883\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u610f\u5916\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u8111\u7684\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6606\u866b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3b\u4f53<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u6216\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u72d7\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/inside-the-mind-of-a-bee-is-a-hive-of-sensory-activity<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Lars Chittka<\/span><\/strong> \uff1a\u4f26\u6566\u739b\u4e3d\u5973\u738b\u5927\u5b66\u611f\u89c9\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08WIKO\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8702\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u300b\uff082022\uff09\u7531\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Catherine Wilson<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u524d\u7ea6\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u6821\u5e86\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7ebd\u7ea6\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u7684\u6821\u957f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5979\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f0a\u58c1\u9e20\u9c81\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300b\uff082019\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u300a\u5feb\u4e50\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u540c\u6b65\u53d1\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bd1\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u90ed\u8d85<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4efb\u804c\u5357\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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– \u6d3b\u52a8\u9884\u544a – <\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d3b\u52a8\u8be6\u60c5\uff1a<\/span>\u4ece\u8702\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u5230\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u4e0eAI\u4e28\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u4e0eAI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u4e0eAI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u62db\u52df\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u5f0f\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6e05\u6811\u4e1b\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7c7b\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5c1a\u5c5e\u5c0f\u4f17\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6765\u81ea\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5bf9\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u4eff\u751f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u7c7b\u8111\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u5b8b\u5353\u5f02\u3001\u897f\u6e56\u5927\u5b66\u5b59\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53f8\u5149\u4f1f\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6881\u5e0c\u540c\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u2014\u2014\u300c\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u4e0eAI\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u53d1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eff\u751f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff1f\u6606\u866b\u667a\u80fd\u4e0eAI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>
<\/section>\n
1. <\/strong>Nature \u5c01\u9762\u62a5\u9053\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u5b66\u201d\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff1a\u679c\u8747\u8111\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u56fe\u8c31 FlyWire<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6606\u866b\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong>\u871c\u8702\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u4e00\u4e07\u53ea\u871c\u8702\u5982\u4f55\u6295\u7968\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u5de2\u7a74\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4.<\/strong> \u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u96c6\u4f53\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u871c\u8702\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/a><\/section>\n
5. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>6.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

7. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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