{"id":53312,"date":"2024-11-01T17:47:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T09:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53312"},"modified":"2024-11-01T17:47:15","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T09:47:15","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e5%a4%a7%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e8%ae%ad%e7%bb%83%e5%88%b0%e6%8e%a8%e7%90%86%e8%9e%8d%e5%90%88%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=53312","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u65b0\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u4ece\u8bad\u7ec3\u5230\u63a8\u7406\u878d\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684LLM\u5168\u5468\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u4e28\u5468\u65e5\u76f4\u64ad\u00b7\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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          [1] Wu A, Kuang K, Zhu M, et al. Causality for Large Language Models[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.15319, 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

          [2] Liu X, Xu P, Wu J, et al. Large language models and causal inference in collaboration: A comprehensive survey[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.09606, 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

          [3] Ma J. Causal Inference with Large Language Model: A Survey[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.09822, 2024.<\/span><\/section>\n


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          \u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u6216\u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982ChatGPT\u3001LLaMA\u3001PaLM\u3001Claude\u548cQwen\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5728\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bed\u8a00\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\uff0cLLM\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u901a\u5e38\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u865a\u5047\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97LLM\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u4eba\u53e3\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u548cLLM\u5e7b\u89c9\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8d56\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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          \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5229\u7528\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6fc0\u6d3bLLM\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u57fa\u51c6\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u6765\u6fc0\u6d3b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5d4c\u5165\u5230LLM\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u3001\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cLLM\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u9e66\u9e49\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u8ff0\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e72\u9884\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n
          \u672c\u6b21\u8c03\u7814\u65e8\u5728\u586b\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5982\u4f55\u5728LLM\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5230\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u8fdbLLM\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002GitHub\u94fe\u63a5: https:\/\/github.com\/causal-machine-learning-lab\/Awesome-Causal-LLM.<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n
          <\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n

          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          <\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n
          \n
          <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          <\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u751f\u6210\u7c7b\u4eba\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6a21\u578b[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fTransformer\u7f51\u7edc[7]\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7531\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u591a\u6837\u5316\u6765\u6e90\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3[1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11]\u3002\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/strong><\/section>\n
          1. \u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><\/strong>\uff1aLLM\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5230\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ecOpenAI\u7684GPT-3[11]\u3001GPT-4[12]\uff0cMeta\u7684LLaMA[2, 3]\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684PaLM[13]\uff0cAnthropic\u7684Claude\u548c\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u7684Qwen[14]\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u8d8a\u7ec6\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n
          2. \u5728\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span><\/strong>\uff1aLLM\u662f\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0cLLM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n

          3. \u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\uff1aLLM\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n
            \u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\uff1aLLM\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u672c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u95ee\u7b54\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n

            \u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\uff1aLLM\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


            <\/section>\n
            \u5c3d\u7ba1LLM\u5177\u5907\u663e\u8457\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5feb\u901f\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u4f26\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5185\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u62c5\u5fe7[4, 15, 16, 17]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ece\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6765\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u5e7b\u89c9\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u865a\u5047\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u6781\u5927\u5730\u524a\u5f31\u4e86LLM\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u533b\u7597\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5b89\u5168[18, 19]\uff0c\u800c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u53f8\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027[20, 21]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5bf9\u9f50[4, 15, 16, 17, 22]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n

            <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/strong> \u6307\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0e\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u5316\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981[23, 24, 25, 26]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684LLM\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u6349\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u63a8\u7406\u652f\u914d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u867d\u7136LLM\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u751f\u6210\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cLLM\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u5e7b\u89c9\u3001\u504f\u89c1\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u8d85\u8d8a\u8868\u9762\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6df7\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5b83\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u533b\u7597\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4f7fLLM\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\u573a\u666f\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u51b3\u7b56\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981[26]\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u671d\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u7c7b\u4eba\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7814\u7a76[25, 26, 75]\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6fc0\u6d3bLLM\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u56e0\u679c\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u6062\u590d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u56de\u7b54\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u5d4c\u5165\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u5177\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/strong><\/section>\n
            1. \u5bf9\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff08\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u679c\u5d4c\u5165\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aLLM\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u8fbe\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6570\u636e\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cLLM\u5f88\u96be\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3LLM\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


            <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            2. \u7406\u89e3\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff08\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u5982\u679c\u2026\u2026\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u3002LLM\u5728\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u63a8\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            3. \u57fa\u4e8eTransformer\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff08\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aTransformer\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u662f\u8bb8\u591aLLM\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6355\u6349\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u865a\u5047\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6613\u53d7\u4eba\u53e3\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u7f3a\u4e4f\u63a8\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            4. \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f2\u533a\uff08\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u679c\u5fae\u8c03\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684LLM\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6216\u68c0\u6d4b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u548c\u8865\u5168\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u76f2\u533a\u201d\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136LLM\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\u4e14\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0cLLM\u662f\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u9e66\u9e49\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u8ff0\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u63a8\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6[64]\u3002LLM\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5df2\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u89e3\u91ca\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u4e2d\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0cLLM\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5d4c\u5165LLM\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6216\u4e8b\u540e\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u8ddd\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5230LLM\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u88681\u548c\u56fe1\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u5728LLM\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5230\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u2014\u2014\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6280\u672f\u5728LLM\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u52a8LLM\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u514b\u670d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u578b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u8d85\u8d8a\u4f20\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u6355\u6349\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5728\u7b2c2\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86LLM\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728LLM\u5f00\u53d1\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u9a71\u52a8\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6539\u8fdbLLM\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c3\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5fae\u8c03<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c4\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c5\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u63a8\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c6\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c7\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c8\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b2c9\u8282\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            \n
            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            2. \u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57282022\u5e7411\u6708ChatGPT\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e[1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u4e14\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1LLM\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u521b\u65b0[4, 22, 15, 16, 17]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eLLM\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u6216\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5927\u591a\u672a\u88ab\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u867d\u7136LLM\u64c5\u957f\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5f15\u5165LLM\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u8bed\u8a00\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u533b\u7597\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528[18, 19, 20, 21]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            2.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6d77\u91cf\u3001\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00[4, 15]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dTransformer\u67b6\u6784\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684[7]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\uff0cLLM\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u6a21\u5355\u8bcd\u3001\u77ed\u8bed\u548c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6355\u6349\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784[76]\u3002LLM\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5373\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e0a\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6a21\u4eff\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210[4, 15, 16, 67, 2, 3]\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0cLLM\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5f81\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08NLP\uff09<\/span>\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u5f0f\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3[4, 15]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cLLM\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6d41\u7a0b\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08RLHF\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            1. \u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a<\/span>\uff08\u5d4c\u5165\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5165\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840[8, 77]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            2. \u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u6ce8[2, 12, 60, 67]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            3. \u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff1a\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6458\u8981\u6216\u95ee\u7b54\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027[78, 79, 80]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            4. \u5bf9\u9f50\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u8651\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08RLHF\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5224\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6807\u51c6[81, 82, 83]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            5. \u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5229\u7528\u5176\u6240\u5b66\u8868\u793a\u751f\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u79cdNLP\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u6a21\u578b\u54cd\u5e94\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u610f\u56fe\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd[84, 85]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            6. \u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u4f30\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u9075\u5faa\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591a\u6837\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u97e7\u6027[86, 87]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0cLLM\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u793a\u548c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eOpenAI\u7684GPT-3[11]\u3001GPT-4[12]\u3001Meta\u7684LLaMA[2, 3]\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684PaLM[13]\u3001Anthropic\u7684Claude\u548c\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u7684Qwen[14]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684NLP\u4efb\u52a1\u5916\uff0cLLM\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u88ab\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5851\u9020AI\u9a71\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[88]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            \n
            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            3. \u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cLLM\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u672a\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u63a9\u853d\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e13\u5bb6\u6df7\u5408<\/span>\uff08Mixture of Experts, MoE\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u51e0\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ecBERT[8]\u3001T5[9]\u3001BLOOM[1]\u3001GPT[10, 11]\u548cLLAMA[2, 3]\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7ecdLLM\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762\uff1a(1) \u53bb\u504f\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c(2) \u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c(3) \u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/h3>\n


            <\/h3>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            \n
            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            4. \u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u548c\u901a\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5728\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03<\/span>\uff08SFT\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u6216\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u5fae\u8c03\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20[33, 32, 31]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u589e\u5f3a\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u56de\u987e\u51e0\u79cd\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5fae\u8c03\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf[41, 42, 43, 44, 45]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
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            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            \n
            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            5. \u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            AI\u5bf9\u9f50<\/span>\uff08Alignment\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5f15\u5bfcAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u504f\u597d\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u8bf8\u5982\u9884\u6d4b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u6709\u5bb3\u3001\u6bd2\u6027\u3001\u8bef\u5bfc\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd1\u7aef\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316<\/span>\uff08Proximal Policy Optimization, PPO\uff09<\/span>[113]\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, RLHF\uff09<\/span>[114]\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5176\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316<\/span>\uff08Direct Preference Optimization, DPO\uff09<\/span>[115]\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5339\u914d\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

            \n
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            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n
            \n
            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            6. \u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f5c\u4ea4\u6d41\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb[116]\u3002\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7f51\u7edc\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u8ff0\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u6765\u5f15\u5bfcLLM\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5851\u9020\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6574\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d<\/span>\uff08Prompt Engineering\uff09<\/span>[84, 85]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8LLM\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u793a\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u6d3bLLM\uff0c\u53ec\u56de\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6574\u5408\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u7b54\u6848[32, 49, 50, 51, 54, 57, 65, 66]\u3002\u5728\u56fe3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u63d0\u793a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684LLM\u63a8\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u53bb\u504f\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5728\u88684.1-4.4\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

            <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

            \n
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            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            7. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08LLM\uff09<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5230\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u2014\u2014\u6574\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u53bb\u504f\u7684\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u504f\u5dee\u5e76\u6539\u8fdb\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\uff1b\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u91c7\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u8c03\u4f18<\/span>\uff08Causal Effect Tuning, CET\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u84b8\u998f<\/span>\uff08Distilling Counterfactuals, DISCO\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u7559\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316<\/span>\uff08Causal Preference Optimization, CPO\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u5c06\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u533a\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u5408\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u5177\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347LLM\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8d8a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u50cfChatGPT\u3001LLaMA\u3001PaLM\u3001Claude\u548cQwen\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u5353\u8d8a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u523b\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u533a\u5206\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5165\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\uff0cLLM\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u89e3\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6574\u5408\u5230LLM\u4e2d\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u4ec5\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u4e14\u5065\u5168\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u5fae\u8c03\u5230\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u2014\u2014\u4f7fLLM\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u56e0\u679c\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u9501\u4e86LLM\u5728\u533b\u7597\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u65b0\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fa8\u522b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u51b3\u7b56\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \n
            \n
            \n
            \n

            \u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


            <\/section>\n
            \u201c\u56e0\u679c\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb4\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u56f4\u7ed5\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3e\u529e\u4e864\u5b63\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/section>\n

            \u3010<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI<\/span><\/a>\u3011\u57fa\u4e8e\u300aElements of Causal Inference\u300b\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u4eab\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u3010<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u5b9e\u6218<\/span><\/a>\u3011\u805a\u7126\u5b9e\u64cd\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u300aCausal inference in statistics: A primer\u300b\u548c\u300aElements of causal inference: foundations and learning algorithms\u300b\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u3010<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal +X<\/span><\/a>\u3011\u56de\u987e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u601d\u8def\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u3010<\/span>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/a>\u3011\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u53ca\u5de5\u4e1a\u843d\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u548c\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7ed9\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u901f\u6765\uff01\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8d4b\u80fd\u4e28\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63\u5f3a\u52bf\u56de\u5f52<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/section>\n

            <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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