{"id":54034,"date":"2024-12-05T21:23:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T13:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54034"},"modified":"2024-12-05T21:23:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T13:23:10","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%be%ae%e8%a7%82%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%8f%e8%a7%82%ef%bc%8c%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e6%a0%bc%e5%85%b0%e6%9d%b0%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bd%9c%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54034","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\uff5c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0 (Measuring emergence via Granger causality)[1]\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c(Granger causality)\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027(G-autonomy)\u4e0e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u662f\u5426\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8f83\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u5e26\u9886\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u805a\u7126\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174AI\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5fd7\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u590d\u6742AI\u6b21\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u800c\u594b\u8fdb\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u9886\u57df\u6709\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\uff0cG-autonomy\uff0c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u8bb8\u4e16\u9e4f<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u6c5f\u3001\u738b\u5fd7\u9e4f<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 \u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 \u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08G-\u6d8c\u73b0\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

3.1 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

3.4 \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

4.1 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u62df<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

5.1 \u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/p>\n

5.2 \u76f8\u53d8\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3 \u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

6.1 \u5b8f\u89c2\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/p>\n

6.2 \u60c5\u5883\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

6.3 \u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5<\/span><\/p>\n

7. \u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span> (emergence) <\/span>\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u6781\u4e3a\u532e\u4e4f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201cG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d<\/span> (G-emergence) <\/span>\u7684\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201c\u65e2\u53d7\u5230\u5e95\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u8eab\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u8861\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/span> (downward causation)<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u4f53<\/span> (Agent) <\/span>\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u62df\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b83\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u91cd\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5386\u53f2[2][3]\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u8d28[4]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e14\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9a\u91cf\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6709\u6548\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf[5]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u533a\u5206\u51e0\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u201cG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d<\/span> (G-emergence) <\/span>\u7684\u65b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e2\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span> (autonomous) <\/span>\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5747\u503c\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u4f8b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u9e1f\u7fa4\u98de\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span> (\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5373\u5c06\u6816\u606f\u7684\u690b\u9e1f)<\/span> \u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5316\u89e3\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u201d<\/span> (downward causation)<\/span> \u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u65e9\u5728Erik Hoel\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba[6]\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002Erik Hoel\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d<\/span> (Effective Information\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0EI)<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u7ea7\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800cG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span> (G-autonomy)<\/span> \u548c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c<\/span> (G-causality)<\/span>\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u7ea7\u662f\u5426\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n


<\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2. \u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c5e\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5171\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\uff0cproperty\/synchronic emergence\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\uff0ctemporal\/diachronic emergence\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5f53\u9e1f\u7fa4\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u98de\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u9e1f\u7fa4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u5f62\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u51fa\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u5c5e\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6839\u636e Bedau[7][4]\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c5e\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08strong emergence\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08weak emergence\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08nominal emergence\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

2.1 \u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u4e0d\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u662f\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5706\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70b9\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

2.2 \u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5c06\u505c\u6b62[8]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u201d<\/span>\uff08downward causation\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7531\u5fae\u89c2\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5408\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u7840\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08causal fundamentalism\uff09<\/span>[9]\u6216\u201c\u968f\u9644\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08supervenience\uff09<\/span>[3]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u51b2\u7a81[4]\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u6027[4]\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u611f\u8d28\uff0cqualia\uff09<\/span>\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0[10][8]\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u6df1\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u9650\u3002\u540e\u6587\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

2.3 \u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e4b\u95f4[7][4]\u3002\u5728\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u6765\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u4e0e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u636e Bedau \u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u672c\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e76\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u8def\u5f84\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f7b\u6613\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1fBedau \u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5c5e\u6027\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u624d\u80fd\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u6377\u5f84\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u6a21\u62df\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5f97\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ea6\u91cf\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u8fa8\u522b\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u7167\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u63a8\u5bfc\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u91cf\u6027\u7684\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u4ece\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u503c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5143\u5206\u7c7b\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08G-\u6d8c\u73b0\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907 (i) \u81ea\u4e3b\u6027 \u548c (ii) \u5bf9\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027[7]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>(<\/span><\/mo>m<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>m<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>m<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>,<\/span><\/mo>m<\/span><\/mi>N<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u6761\u4ef61\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u672a\u6765\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\uff1b\u6761\u4ef62\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u672a\u6765\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u6027\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5219\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770[11]\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3aG-\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08G-emergence\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

3.1 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1969\u5e74\uff0cGranger\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u201d<\/span>\uff08Granger causality\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0G-causality\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9Wiener\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u3002Wiener\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u201c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201d\u4e86<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>[11][12]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7684<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u5b66[13] [14]\u3002\u4e3a\u8bf4\u660e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6ede\u540e\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9636\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><<\/span><\/mo>T<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6ede\u540e\u6b65\u957f\uff08\u4ece <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\u4f9d\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>11<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3001<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>12<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3001<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>21<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>22<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6ede\u540e\u6b65\u957f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u6ede\u540e\u9879\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u6620\u8fc7\u53bb <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u957f\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\uff09\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6216 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u9879\u540e\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6216 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6216 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6216 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u5177\u6709\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5047\u8bbe<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u534f\u65b9\u5dee\u5e73\u7a33\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u65b9\u5dee\u4e0d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u578b\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u548c\u975e\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u578b\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u6bd4\u7387\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>c<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn>\u2192<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>R<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>(<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>12<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>)<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u4ece\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u662f\u4ece\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>12<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u5bf9\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>U<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u4ece\u5305\u542b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97 <\/span><\/sub>\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>c<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2192<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>c<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2192<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5305\u542b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u8868\u660e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6709\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5bf9\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>\u2260<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u77e5\u9053 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u5177\u6709\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u6709\u5173\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 Seth[12]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

3.2 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ea6\u91cf\u51fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6[15]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u63a2\u8ba8\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u542b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u542b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u65b9\u5dee\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u6bd4\u7387\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fc7\u53bb\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5305\u542b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fc7\u53bb\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u503c\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0c\u8868\u793a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u663e\u8457\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn>R<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>11<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn>)<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span>\u662f\u4ece\u7701\u7565\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>11<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u5bf9\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u800c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn>U<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u4ece\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u201d[16]\uff09<\/span>\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5176\u73af\u5883\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e14\u968f\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027 [17]\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u589e\u52a0[15]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

3.3 \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u4e14<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7531<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5f15\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8861\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4ece<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e0e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u56e0\u679c\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5747\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373 G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>M<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>m<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u5ea6\u91cf\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u76f4\u89c9\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>M<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>m<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>N<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>c<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>m<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msub>\u2192<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>M<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>M<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>m<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5c06\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6216\u8005 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5b8c\u5168\u88ab <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u9ad8\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6f5c\u5728\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u56de\u5f52\u4e2d\u672a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6240\u7528\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\u6bd4\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0eBedau\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u8d56\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

3.4 \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u5efa\u6a21\u6d4b\u91cf\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6700\u5927\u6ede\u540e\u9636\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u503c\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c55\u5f00\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u9879\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>i<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>,<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>,<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>k<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>k<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u6570\uff1b<\/span> <\/sub>\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u5728\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u503c\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>k<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6b21\u5e42\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6548\u5e94\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u9879\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u9879\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>n<\/span><\/mi>><\/span><\/mo>2<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>R<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>(<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>11<\/span><\/sub><\/mn>)<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u4ece\u7701\u7565\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>b<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5f0f (3) \u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u5219\u7ebf\u6027\u6216\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884cF\u68c0\u9a8c\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5373 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>11<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>12<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2026<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c55\u5f00\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u53d7\u566a\u58f0\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAncona\u7b49\u4eba[18]\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f84\u5411\u57fa\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u6838\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6cf0\u52d2\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff08i\uff09\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd;\uff08ii\uff09\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30;\uff08iii\uff09\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u660e\u786e\u516c\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5f0f (4)\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u5728<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u96c6\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u5316<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>M<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>|<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>m<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

4. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

4.1 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u62df<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6d8c\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u9e1f\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cReynolds[19]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u9e1f<\/span>\uff08boids\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u5408\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u51fa\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022  \u805a\u96c6\uff1a\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u98de\u5411\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022  \u89c4\u907f\uff1a\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684boid\u78b0\u649e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022  \u534f\u540c\uff1a\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9644\u8fd1\u9e1f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684boid\u6a21\u62df\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8d28\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2aboid\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9ad8\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4e2aboid\uff0c\u5728\u8fb9\u957f\u4e3a200\u7684\u73af\u5f62\u65b9\u5f62\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u6bcf\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u3002boid\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u81ea\u8303\u56f4 [0,200]<\/span>\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c[0, 2\u03c0]<\/span>\uff08\u822a\u5411\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u548c [3,9]<\/span>\uff08\u901f\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aboid\u7684\u822a\u5411\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u89d2\u3002<\/span>a<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\uff0c<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\uff0c<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u6743\u91cd\u7cfb\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b8<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u671d\u5411\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ecboid <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8d28\u5fc3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b8<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u671d\u5411\u6700\u8fd1boid\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b8<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u671d\u5411\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6boid\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u822a\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u572820\u5355\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e2aboid\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>a<\/span><\/mi>4<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f boid <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e20\u5355\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5176\u4ed6boid\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c<\/span>r<\/span><\/mi>\u2081<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c <\/span>r<\/span><\/mi>\u2082<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u8303\u56f4 [-0.01, 0.01] \u5185\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u5411\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u2208 [0,1]\uff09<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u73af\u5f62\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6309\u7167\u6807\u51c6\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fb9\u754c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8d28\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6bcf\u4e2aboid\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6boid\u7684\u73af\u5f62\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8fb9\u754c\u4f2a\u5f71\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8d28\u5fc3\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u7b2c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>CM<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>d<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>r<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>r<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>CM<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mtext><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u5728\u73af\u5f62\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u9e1f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u8d28\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u3002(1)\u968f\u673a\u6761\u4ef6(<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>)\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u63a5\u8fd1\u968f\u673a\u7684boid\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>R<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>[<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.01<\/span><\/mn><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable>]<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002(2)\u4f4e\u7fa4\u96c6\u6761\u4ef6(<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>)\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5f3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684 boid \u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u534a\u521a\u6027\u7684\u961f\u5f62\u79fb\u52a8<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>L<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>[<\/span><\/mo>0.1<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.1<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.6<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.6<\/span><\/mn><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable>]<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002(3)\u9ad8\u7fa4\u96c6\u6761\u4ef6(<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>)\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u53c2\u6570\u96c6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>H<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>[<\/span><\/mo>0.1<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.3<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.3<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.3<\/span><\/mn><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable>]<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b boid \u548c\u8d28\u5fc3\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/span>\uff08\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u56fe\u4e3a\u5728\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u9ad8\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u4f4e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u968f\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u4e0b\uff0cboid<\/span>\uff08\u7070\u8272\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8d28\u5fc3<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>\uff08500\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7247\u6bb5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9759\u6001\u56fe\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u6349\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0b\u7684 boid \u8f68\u8ff9\u6bd4\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u7684\u66f4\u50cf\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

4.2 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0cboid\u6a21\u62df\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8625\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u6301\u7eed5000\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\uff1b\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2aboid\u7684x\u548cy\u5750\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u5c40\u8d28\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8fb9\u754c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u5bf9x\u548cy\u5750\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53cd\u6620\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u524d500\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u521d\u59cb\u77ac\u6001\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u96f6\u5747\u503c\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u534f\u65b9\u5dee\u5e73\u7a33\u6027[20]\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7ea7\u5dee\u5206\u5904\u7406\u3002\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u8d28\u5fc3<\/span> (<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>) <\/span>\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u9636\u6570<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>5<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span>\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u9636\u6570<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>3<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u9636\u6570\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6240\u670975\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u5747Akaike\u4fe1\u606f\u51c6\u5219[15]\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0a\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8d28\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u9ad8\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u4e0e\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u5747\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u663e\u8457\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u503c\u5747\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>10<\/span><\/mn><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mo>5<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \uff0c\u53cc\u5c3e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u68c0\u9a8c\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u800c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5boid\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>2<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>3<\/span><\/mn>)<\/span><\/mo>\u2208<\/span><\/mo>[<\/span><\/mo>0.0<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>0.1<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>\u2026<\/span><\/mo>,<\/span><\/mo>1.0<\/span><\/mn>]<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>4<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u540c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u901f\u5ea6\u5339\u914d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u914d\u5bf9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>11<\/span><\/mn>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>11<\/span><\/mn>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>11<\/span><\/mn>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>3<\/span><\/mn>=<\/span><\/mo>3993<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u6b21\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4e09\u7ef4\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u5256\u9762\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5256\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>H<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u7531\u7eff\u8272\u7ebf\u7684\u4ea4\u70b9\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u7070\u5ea6\u663e\u793a\u5168\u5c40<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u662f5000\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u7ea2\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5256\u9762\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u5e73\u6ed1\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u5411\u91cf\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8bc6\u522b\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

4.3 \u9e1f\u7fa4\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u666e\u904d\u76f4\u89c9\u662f\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762[3]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89[4]\u3002\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6362\u5f97\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0a\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u5168\u5c40\u8d28\u5fc3\u5230boid\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5411\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u683c\u5170\u6770\uff09<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709boid\u548c\u6240\u670925\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u6216<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u5168\u5c40<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5230\u5355\u4e2aboid\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6240\u670925\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aboid<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u5305\u542b250\u4e2a\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u975e\u663e\u8457\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a\u96f6<\/span>\uff08\u540d\u4e49\u9608\u503c\u4e3a0.01\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7Bonferroni\u6821\u6b63\u4e3a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>10<\/span><\/mn><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mo>5<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u5e03\u4e3a\u975e\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Wilcoxon\u79e9\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u6761\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u5f02\u5747\u663e\u8457<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><<\/span><\/mo>10<\/span><\/mn><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mo>3<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3001\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u548c\u4e0a\u56db\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u503c\uff1b\u865a\u7ebf\u663e\u793a\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u2018<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>+<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u2019\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e0b\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u6216<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6309\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u53ef\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u63a2\u7d22\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u7ec6\u5316\u548c\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

5. \u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b83\u89c4\u907f\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e14\u5206\u7ea7\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684 MATLAB \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

5.1 \u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Diachronic emergence\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5386\u65f6\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

5.2 \u76f8\u53d8\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9boid \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u9a71\u52a8\u7c92\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3[21][22]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4ece\u201c\u6c14\u6001\u201d\u76f8<\/span>\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u201c\u6db2\u6001\u201d\u76f8<\/span>\uff08\u7c92\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ecd\u6709\u6269\u6563\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5230\u201c\u56fa\u6001\u201d\u76f8<\/span>\uff08\u7c92\u5b50\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u5f7c\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u56fa\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Phase transitions\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3001<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4e09\u7ef4\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u5256\u9762\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u53d8\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u5b9a\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e2d\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

5.3 \u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u683c\u5170\u6770\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u4e60\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h2>\n


<\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

6. \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

6.1 \u5b8f\u89c2\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u5b66\u8005[23]\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6f84\u6e05\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7ed3\u5408\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u7387\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u91cd\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6bd4\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5ea6\u91cf\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0cPolani[24]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

6.2 \u60c5\u5883\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6839\u636e Atmanspacher[25]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d<\/span> (contextual emergence)<\/span>\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5fae\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u57fa\u7840\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u63a8\u5bfc\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4f46\u975e\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

6.3 \u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u71b5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
Bar-Yam[26]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e14\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u673a\u68b0\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790 Bar-Yam \u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

7. \u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u6210\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u201d[27]\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7269\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6David Chalmers\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61[8]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u89c9\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u60d1\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u96be\u9898\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c5e\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2d\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f4\u89c9\u5e76\u4e0d\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u975e\u518d\u73b0\u4f53\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u98d3\u98ce\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u98d3\u98ce\u4e00\u6837[28]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c42\u9762\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u6765\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u6548\u7528\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4ea7\u751f[28]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c[22]\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f[29]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u6027\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u52a8\u611f<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6William James\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u201d[30]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u5173\u8054\u201d<\/span> (explanatory correlates) <\/span>[28]\uff0c\u9010\u6b65<\/span>\u63ed\u793a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e00\u76f4\u96be\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8ba9\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u56f0<\/span>\u96be[26]\u3002\u672c<\/span>\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3aG-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u9e1f\u7fa4\u98de\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9ad8G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u503c\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u5230\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684G-\u6d8c\u73b0\u503c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u5f25\u5408\u5fae\u89c2\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u5f00\u8f9f\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Seth A. K. (2008). Measuring emergence via nonlinear Granger causality. Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life. Springer-Verlag. pp. 475\u2013485.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

     Broad C, ed. (1925). The mind and its place in nature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

     Kim J (1999). “Making sense of emergence”. Philosophical Studies. 95 (3\u201336).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

     Bedau M (2003). “Downward causation and the autonomy of weak emergence”. Principia. 6 (5\u201350).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

     Chang H, ed. (2004). Inventing temperature: Measurement and scientific progress. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

     Hoel E.P., Albantakis L., Tononi G. (2013). “Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (49): 19790\u201319795.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

     Bedau M (1997). “Weak emergence”. Philosophical Perspectives. 11: 375\u2013399.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

     Chalmers D (2006). The re-emergence of emergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

     Jackson F; Pettit P (1992). “In defence of explanatory ecumenism”. Economics and Philosophy. 8 (1\u201321).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

     Sperry R (1969). “A modified concept of consciousness”. Psychological Review. 76 (532\u2013536).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

     Granger C (1969). “Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods”. Econometrica. 37: 424\u2013438.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

     Seth A (2007). “Granger causality”. Scholarpedia. 2 (7): 1667.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  13. \n

     Ding M; Chen Y; Bressler S (2006). Granger causality: Basic theory and application to neuroscience. Wienheim: Wiley. p. 438\u2013460.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  14. \n

     Seth A (2008). “Causal networks in simulated neural systems”. Cognitive Neurodynamics. 2 (49\u201364).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  15. \n

     Seth A (2007). Almeida e Costa F (ed.). Measuring autonomy via multivariate autoregressive modelling. Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life. Springer-Verlag. p. 475\u2013485.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  16. \n

     Varela F (1979). Principles of biological autonomy. North Holland, NY: Elsevier.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  17. \n

     Bertschinger N; Olbrich E; Ay N; Jost J (2008). “Autonomy: an information theoretic perspective”. Biosystems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  18. \n

     Ancona N; Marinazzo D; Stramaglia S (2004). “Radial basis function approaches to nonlinear granger causality of time series”. Physical Review E. 70 (056221).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  19. \n

     Reynolds C (1987). Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model. Computer Graphics. Vol. 21. p. 25\u201334.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  20. \n

     Seth A (2005). “Causal connectivity of evolved neural networks during behavior”. Network: Computation in Neural Systems. 16 (35\u201354).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  21. \n

     Vicsek T; Czirok A; Ben-Jacob E; Cohen I; Shochet O (1995). “Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles”. Physical Review Letters. 75 (1226).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  22. \n

     Edelman G (2003). “Naturalizing consciousness: A theoretical framework”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 100 (9): 5520\u20135524.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  23. \n

     Shalizi C; Moore C (2006). “What is a macrostate: Subjective observations and objective dynamics”.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  24. \n

     Polani D (2006). “Emergence, intrinsic structure of information, and agenthood”. Interjournal Complex Systems: 1973.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  25. \n

     Atmanspacher H (2007). “Contextual emergence from physics to cognitive neuroscience”. Journal of consciousness studies. 14 (18\u201336).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  26. \n

     Bar-Yam Y (2004). “A mathematical theory of strong emergence using multiscale variety”. Complexity. 9 (6): 15\u201324.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  27. \n

     Kim J (2006). “Emergence: core ideas and issues”. Synthese. 151 (547\u2013559).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  28. \n

     Seth A; Edelman G (2008). Meyers R. ed. Consciousness and complexity. Springer Verlag.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  29. \n

     Libet B (1985). “Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 8 (529\u2013566).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  30. \n

     James W (1890). The Principles of Psychology. 1 & 2. New York: Henry Holt and Company.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n

    \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63<\/strong>
    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n

    \u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f25\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ece2021\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u9646\u7eed\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u56db\u5b63\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63<\/a>\u5c06\u8ffd\u8e2a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u96c6\u667a\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u539f\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f4e\u79e9\u8868\u793a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u672c\u5f81\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5df2\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u53ef\u52a0\u5165\u793e\u7fa4\u5e76\u89e3\u9501\u56de\u653e\u89c6\u9891\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u835f\u8403\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u96c6\u7ed3\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b66\u672f\u793e\u533a\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/span><\/a>
    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u201c\u590d\u6742 AI \u6b21\u65b9\u201d\u5f00\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u62db\u52df<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n

    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4e0e\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6709\u5173\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u5e26\u9886\u7740\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u805a\u7126\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174AI\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5fd7\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u9886\u57df\u6709\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c Complexity <\/span>AI<\/sup> \u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u590d\u6742AI\u6b21\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u800c\u594b\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u590d\u6742 AI \u6b21\u65b9\u201d\u5f00\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u62db\u52df\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u96be\u9898<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    1. <\/strong>\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u65c5\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u91cf\u5316\uff5c\u96c6\u667a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3NSR\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2. <\/strong>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6NIS+\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u8bc6\u522b\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d | NSR<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    3. <\/strong>\u5168\u7f51\u6700\u5168\u603b\u7ed3\uff01\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6807\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff5c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

    6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5bfc\u8bed \u57fa\u4e8e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0 (Measuring emergence via Granger causality)[1]\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c(Granger causality)\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027(G-autonomy)\u4e0e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":54015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54034"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54034"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54034\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54034"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=54034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}