{"id":54264,"date":"2024-12-09T21:11:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T13:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54264"},"modified":"2024-12-09T21:11:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T13:11:23","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%a8%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bd%9c%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54264","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u91cf\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff5c\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08causal emergence\uff09\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7c7b\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6bd4\u5fae\u89c2\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79f0\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0[1][2]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5ea6\u91cf\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08<\/span><\/strong>\u5e26\u9886\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u805a\u7126\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174AI\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5fd7\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u590d\u6742AI\u6b21\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/a>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u800c\u594b\u8fdb\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u9886\u57df\u6709\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u738b\u5fd7\u9e4f\u3001\u5f20\u6c5f\u3001\u5218\u51ef\u5a01<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u6c5f\u3001\u738b\u5fd7\u9e4f<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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1. \u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
1.1 \u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/section>\n
1.1.1 \u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/section>\n
1.1.2 \u56e0\u679c\u53ca\u5176\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/section>\n
1.1.3 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/section>\n
1.2 \u65e9\u671f\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n
1.2.1 \u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n
1.2.2 G-emergence<\/span><\/section>\n
1.2.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
1.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
1.4 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
1.5 \u8fd1\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/section>\n

2. \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u91cf\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u51e0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1 Erik Hoel\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1.1 \u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1.2 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1.3 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1.4 \u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.1.5 \u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.2 Rosas\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.2.1 \u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.2.2 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.2.3 \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.3.1 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.3.2 \u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.3.3 \u65e0\u9700\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u91cf\u5316<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.3.4 \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.4 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\uff08Dynamic independence\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.4.1 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316<\/span><\/section>\n
2.1.4.2 \u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
2.2 \u51e0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/section>\n

3. \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8bc6\u522b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 \u57fa\u4e8e Rosas \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n
3.1.1 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n
3.1.2 \u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2 \u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.1 NIS<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.1.1 \u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.1.2 \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.2 NIS+<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.2.1 \u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.2.2 \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n
3.2.2.3 \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/section>\n

4. \u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1 \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/section>\n
4.2 \u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.3 \u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.4 \u5728\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5 \u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5.1 \u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5.2 \u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5.2.1 \u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61<\/span><\/section>\n
4.5.2.2 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/section>\n
4.6 \u5176\u5b83\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n
4.6.1 \u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/section>\n
4.6.2 \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/section>\n

5. \u6279\u5224<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1 \u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762<\/span><\/section>\n
5.2 \u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762<\/span><\/section>\n
5.2.1 \u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n
5.2.2 \u6b67\u4e49\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n
5.2.3 \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n

6. \u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6.1 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80<\/span><\/section>\n
6.2 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/section>\n
6.3 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7b80\u5316<\/span><\/section>\n
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1.1 \u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u56de\u7b54\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1.1.1 \u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


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 \u2022 \u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u80fd\u88ab\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u7ea7\u6240\u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82e5\u5e72\u50cf\u7d20\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5706\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u72b6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0[11][12]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

 \u2022 \u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u6307\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762[14][15]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

 \u2022 \u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6765\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cJochen Fromm \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94[16]\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u5411\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u8bae[17][18]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u7740\u5929\u7136\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1.2 \u56e0\u679c\u53ca\u5176\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f53 A \u53d1\u751f\u65f6 B \u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c A \u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219 B \u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u9884\u4e8b\u4ef6 A\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8003\u5bdf B \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63a2\u6d4b A \u4e0e B \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94[19][20][21]\u3002Judea Pearl[21]\u5229\u7528\u6982\u7387\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002Pearl \u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u533a\u5206\u5e76\u91cf\u5316\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u6ce8\u56e0\u679c\u9636\u68af\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u5e03\u505a\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u6982\u5ff5[22]\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[23]\uff0cEells \u548c Suppes \u7684\u6982\u7387\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf[24][25]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Judea Pearl \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u7b49[19]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/h4>\n

1.1.3 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u5f52\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u56e0\u679c\u6765\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2013\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Erik Hoel \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u5f15\u5165\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08Effective Information\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 EI\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31[1][2]\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u8f83\u5176\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u8ba8\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/span>\uff08downward causation\uff09<\/span>[26]\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u58c1\u864e\u65ad\u5c3e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u5371\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u58c1\u864e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5b83\u65ad\u6389\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c3e\u5df4\u662f\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6307\u5411\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/h3>\n

1.2 \u65e9\u671f\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002Crutchfield \u7b49[27]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6001\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e Erik Hoel \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u800c Seth \u7b49\u4eba\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 G-emergence \u7406\u8bba[28]\u5229\u7528\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.1 \u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span>\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5df2\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f<\/span>\u5217[27]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u524d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5f62\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8bb0\u4f5c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span> <\/sub><\/span>\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8bb0\u4f5c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n


\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6620\u5c04\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5212\u5206\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6765\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5b50\u96c6<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u5b50\u96c6\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u96c6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8bb0\u4e3a<\/sub>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi>\u2208<\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6307\u6807 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8fd9\u7ec4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4\u72b6\u6001\u6784\u5efa\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5219 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u4ef7\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u523b\u753b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6620\u5c04\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u6001 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>S<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>S<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u8bb0\u4e3a <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>-machine \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>{<\/span><\/mo>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi>,<\/span><\/mo>T<\/span><\/mi>}<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>T<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>-machine \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>-machine \u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u5c0f\u968f\u673a\u6027\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5c42\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>-machine\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u6df7\u6c8c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u9690\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u6784\u8def\u5f84 [29]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u867d\u7136\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u540e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cShalizi \u7b49[29]\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6bd4\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span> <\/span> <\/sub><\/span><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/span><\/mo><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u7387 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5176\u8fc7\u5269\u71b5\u4e0e\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>e<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecb\u4e8e 0 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>\u03bc<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u540c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>e<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b7<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-mover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/mover>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u8f6c\u79fb <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>T<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u5f81\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u8861\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.2 G-emergence<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

G-emergence \u7406\u8bba\u662f Seth \u4e8e 2008 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e00[28]\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7528\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5143\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf A \u548c B \u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6ede\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6784\u6210\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b8b\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6b8b\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f0f\u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a G-causality\uff09<\/span>\u3002B \u4f5c\u4e3a A \u7684\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0<\/span>\uff08G-cause\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b8b\u5dee\u65b9\u5dee\u4e4b\u6bd4\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u7701\u7565B\u65f6A\u7684\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5168\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e86 A \u548c B\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201cG \u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08G-autonomous\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c G-causality \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u523b\u753b\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e3b\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0 G-causality \u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f5c G-emergence\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a A \u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cB \u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a1\uff09A \u662f\u5173\u4e8e B \u7684 G-autonomous\uff1b2\uff09B \u662f A \u7684 G-cause\u3002\u5176\u4e2d G-emergence \u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 A \u7684 G-autonomous \u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e B \u7684\u5e73\u5747 G-cause \u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


Seth \u63d0\u51fa\u7684 G-emergence \u7406\u8bba\u9996\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6784\u6210\u4e86 G-emergence \u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 G-emergence \u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9a\u91cf\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u5f0f\u56e0\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0cMoez Mnif \u548c Christian M\u00fcller-Schloer[30]\u4f7f\u7528\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u6709\u5e8f\u548c\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u79e9\u5e8f\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6c34\u5e73\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53d7 Moez mif \u548c Christian M\u00fcller-Schloer \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[31]\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u5ea6\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5728\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6837\u672c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u5927\u3001\u4f30\u8ba1\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f4e\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6587\u732e[32]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u9a6c\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cHolzer \u548c de Meer \u7b49\u4eba[33][34]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u4fe1\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4ee3\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u6e90\u7684\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u603b\u548c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684[35][36]\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ea6\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u4e24\u9879\u76f8\u51cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u8be5\u5ea6\u91cf\u5f3a\u8c03\u6d8c\u73b0\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u800c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5229\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u5f53\u5c5e Erik Hoel, Larissa Albantakis \u4ee5\u53ca Giulio Tononi \u4e09\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba[1][2]\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u9488\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u6bd4\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u6807\u662f\u5bf9\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u5c06 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86 do \u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u5e72\u9884\u6210\u4e86\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6307\u6807\u65e9\u57282003\u5e74\u5c31\u88ab Giulio Tononi \u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a Giulio Tononi \u7684\u5b66\u751f Erik Hoel \u5c06\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c2020 \u5e74\uff0cRosas \u7b49[37]\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u523b\u753b\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u539f\u5b50\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u6676\u683c\u56fe\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u539f\u5b50\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 Williams \u548c Beer \u7b49[38]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u8d1f\u5206\u89e3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/span>\uff08PID\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cPID \u6846\u67b6\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cRosas \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a6<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>D<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>[39]\u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u89e3\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 \u8fd1\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Barnett \u7b49\u4eba[40]\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u8026\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u523b\u753b\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2024 \u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u4eba[26]\u57fa\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5c06\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u523b\u753b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u7684\u8c31\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u8c13\u6e05\u6670\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span>\uff08clear emergence\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span>\uff08vague emergence\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u91cf\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

2.1 \u51e0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f Hoel \u7b49[1][2]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001Rosas \u7b49[37]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u4eba[26]\u57fa\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.1 Erik Hoel\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

Hoel \u7b49\u4e8e 2013 \u5e74[1][2]\u63d0\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u8868\u793a\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Scale\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e24\u79cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u90fd\u662f\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\uff0c\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fdb\u884c\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5dee\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.1.1 \u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u65e9\u7531 Tononi \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa[41]\u3002\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cErik Hoel \u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5e72\u9884\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u505a\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e72\u9884\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u548c\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5728\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-spacer><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi>(<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/mo>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53d6\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u628a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5e72\u9884\u4e3a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>i<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u7b2c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>i<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7b2c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>j<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f0f\u5b50\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6982\u7387\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c2\u8861\u91cf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u8bcd\u6761\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u5bf9\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u7cfb\u6570\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-tstrut><\/mjx-mtd><\/mjx-mtr><\/mjx-itable><\/mjx-table><\/mjx-mtable><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/span><\/mi><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n
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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>N<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2.1.1.2 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ea6\u91cf<\/span><\/h5>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b8f\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f:<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/section>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/mi>><\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u4e24\u9879\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>C<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>+<\/span><\/mo>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>S<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>z<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo>)<\/span><\/mo>\u22c5<\/span><\/mo>log<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\u2061<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>M<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>S<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>z<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo>\u22c5<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>log<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\u2061<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>M<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>log<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\u2061<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>m<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>m<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5b8f\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>S<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>z<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c0f\u4e8e0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u5f97<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>E<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>f<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5927\u4e8e<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>S<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>z<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2.1.1.3 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h5>\n


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\u5728\u6587\u732e[1]\u4e2d\uff0cHoel \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709 8 \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635(<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>)\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u5de6\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u524d7\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u6982\u7387\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5bf9\u8be5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c06\u524d 7 \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5f52\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u79f0\u4e3a A\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2d\u524d 7 \u884c\u7684\u524d 7 \u5217\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6570\u503c\u52a0\u603b\u518d\u9664\u4ee5 7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 A \u5230 A \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u503c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f52\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u5982\u53f3\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub> <\/span><\/mtext>)<\/span><\/mo>><\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub> <\/span><\/mtext>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u548c\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c06\u6982\u7387\u5e73\u5747\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f52\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u884c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u503c\u8d85\u51fa [0,1] \u533a\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u672c\u8bcd\u6761\u540e\u9762\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7ea6\u7b80\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u6216\u53c2\u770b\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.1.4 \u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u732e[1]\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6709 0 \u548c 1 \u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08a\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5171\u542b\u6709\u5341\u516d\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>16<\/span><\/mn>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>16<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08c\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5bf9\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5bf9\u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56feb\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06A\u548cB\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u8282\u70b9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0cC \u548c D \u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u8282\u70b9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03b2<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u5f52\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6620\u5c04\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\u56fed\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b 0 \u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8282\u70b9\u7684off\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u7684 11 \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684 on \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5fae\u89c2\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5e03\u5c14\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08\u5982e\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5927\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo>><\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.1.5 \u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728[42]\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cHoel \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u51e0\u4f55\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u4e0e\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u51fd\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5e72\u9884\u566a\u97f3\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u51e0\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u7167\u548c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u5218\u51ef\u5a01\u7b49\u4eba[43]\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u8fed\u4ee3\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

2.1.2 Rosas\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Rosas \u7b49[37]\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026<\/span>\uff08Causal Decoupling\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c<\/span>\uff08Downward Causation\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u662f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u968f\u9644\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08Supervenience\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.2.1 \u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728Williams\u548cBeer\u7b49[38]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u8d1f\u5206\u89e3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/span>\uff08PID\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e0d\u5931\u4e00\u822c\u6027\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>,<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5219\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-utext><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi>d<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>,<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u91cd\u590d\u5730\u7ed9\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi>\u2502<\/span><\/mjx-utext><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>\u2502<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi>\u2502<\/span><\/mjx-utext><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>\u2502<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5355\u72ec\u7ed9\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>S<\/span><\/mi>y<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>,<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8054\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7ed9\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.2.2 \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/h5>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0cPID \u6846\u67b6\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cRosas\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a6<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>D<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>[39] \u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5206\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u89e3\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


1\uff09\u5f53\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


2\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed5\u5f00\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9a\u4e49\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\u7684\u4e0b\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>S<\/span><\/mi>y<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub> <\/span><\/mtext>)<\/span><\/mo>\u2265<\/span><\/mo>U<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>|<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub> <\/span><\/mtext>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8861\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mtext><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>|<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub> <\/span><\/mtext>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5927\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u907f Erik Hoel \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u501f\u52a9\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7ec4\u5408\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2.1.2.3 \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h5>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n


\u6587[37]\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u3001\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>|<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>|<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c<\/span> <\/sub><\/span>\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5224\u65ad <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u5ea6\u52a0\u548c\u6a212\u662f\u5426\u4e0e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u503c\u6982\u7387\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u6982\u7387\u53d6 0\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u518d\u5224\u65ad <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5728\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u6a21 2 \u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u503c\u6982\u7387\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>2<\/span><\/mn>n<\/span><\/sup><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/mo>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53d6\u503c\u6982\u7387\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>(<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>2<\/span><\/mn>n<\/span><\/sup><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/mo>2<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>n<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a x \u7684\u603b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u5076\u6570\u6216\u8005 0 \u65f6 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f X \u6574\u4f53\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8868\u793a X \u5e8f\u5217\u67d0\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u7a81\u53d8\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4f53\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6027\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u4f4d\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u5e8f\u5217\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5947\u5076\u6027\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u800c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u770b\u505a\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u6240\u6709\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u5947\u5076\u6027\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u5f02\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span> <\/sub><\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u4e24\u9879\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u5219\u79f0\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

2.1.3 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Erik Hoel\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cRosas \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u4eba[26]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.3.1 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u4e14\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>U<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u89d2\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a3<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>U<\/span><\/mi>\u03a3<\/span><\/mi>V<\/span><\/mi>T<\/span><\/sup><\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>\u03a3<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>d<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/mi>a<\/span><\/mi>g<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>\u22ef<\/span><\/mo>,<\/span><\/mo>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>N<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\u2265<\/span><\/mo>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>\u2265<\/span><\/mo>\u22ef<\/span><\/mo>\u03c3<\/span><\/mi>N<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u5947\u5f02\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>N<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.3.2 \u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u7684<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6b21\u65b9\u4e4b\u548c<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u9636Schatten\u8303\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-spacer><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msubsup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>\u2208<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>2<\/span><\/mn>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u8ba9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u91cd\u6216\u503e\u5411\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d6 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>\u223c<\/span><\/mo>log<\/span><\/mi>\u2061<\/span><\/mo>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n


\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u66ff\u4ee3 EI \u5bf9\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.3.3 \u65e0\u9700\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u91cf\u5316<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u65e0\u9700\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u79e9\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u7b2c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi>+<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u90fd\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Clear Causal Emergence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>r<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>N<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n


\u5982\u679c\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6ee1\u79e9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5c0f\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b58\u5728 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi>\u03f5<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ece <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>r<\/span><\/mi>\u03f5<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>+<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Vague Causal Emergence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>P<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fdb\u884cSVD\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>O<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>N<\/span><\/mi>3<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/msup>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6bd4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u4e0d\u80fd\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u5ea6\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u5ea6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.3.4 \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h5>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/p>\n


\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8be5\u9a6c\u6c0f\u94fe\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8be5\u9a6c\u6c0f\u94fe\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5373 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fe a\uff0cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e5f\u540c\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56fe c \u548c d \u662f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u524d\u540e\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fe d \u662f\u5bf9\u56fe c \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u5c06\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5f52\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u56fed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u540e\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>e<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>f<\/span><\/mi>\u2261<\/span><\/mo>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>log<\/span><\/mi>\u2061<\/span><\/mo>N<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u540e\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi>\u2261<\/span><\/mo>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\/<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow>N<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u503c 1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

2.1.4 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\uff08Dynamic independence\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026<\/span>\uff08Dynamic Independence\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u753b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u72b6\u6001\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[40]\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7531\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5fae\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u88ab\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5<\/span>\uff08Transfer Entropy\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.4.1 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u79fb\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u5df2\u77e5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fc7\u53bb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u503c\u6240\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u672a\u6765\u503c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-spacer><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msubsup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n


\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>H<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u3002\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4ece <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>T<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>\u2192<\/span><\/mo>Y<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo>=<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026<\/span><\/p>\n


\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a1\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1b2\uff09\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff1b3)\u5f97\u5230\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1b4\uff09\u4f18\u5316\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5927\u53bb\u8026\u5408\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u6700\u5c0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
2.1.4.2 \u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f18\u5316\u5230\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5219\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

2.2 \u51e0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u662f\u5426\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u6307\u6807\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u662f\u5426\u6d89\u53ca\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u9002\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u5ea6\u91cf\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Hoel \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba[1]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u56e0\u679c\uff0cEI \u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 do \u5e72\u9884<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u79bb\u6563\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u56e0\u679c\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Rosas \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba[37]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7528\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u523b\u753b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8fd1\u4f3c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4efb\u610f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba[26]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u56e0\u679c\uff0cEI \u4e0e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7b49\u4ef7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u79bb\u6563\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fd1\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u8026[40]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4efb\u610f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u71b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


<\/section>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u6307\u6807\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8fa8\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e Rosas \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span> (\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5) <\/span>\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29<\/span>\uff08NIS\uff0cNIS+\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

3.1 \u57fa\u4e8e Rosas \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Rosas \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u5f00\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
3.1.1 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n


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Rosas \u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cRosas \u7b49\u7ed5\u5f00\u4e86\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97[37]\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b0\u6307\u6807\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> ,<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u548c\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u4e09\u79cd\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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 \u2022 \u5224\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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 (1)<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u7b2c j \u7ef4 t \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002Rosas \u7b49\u4eba\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f53 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow>><\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5f53 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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 \u2022 \u5224\u65ad\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


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\u5f53 \u0394>0 \u65f6\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 V \u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf X \u5b58\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5224\u65ad\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53 \u0394>0 \u4e14 \u0393=0 \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u8026\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53c8\u662f\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>R<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/mi>d<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>,<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo>><\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u6027\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a1\uff09\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> ,<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0393<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u679c\uff1b2\uff09\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b3\uff09\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b4\uff09\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7315\u7334\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5176\u76ae\u5c42\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81\uff0cRosas \u7b49\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7315\u7334\u7684\u76ae\u8d28\u8111\u7535\u56fe<\/span>\uff08ECoG\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7528\u52a8\u4f5c\u6355\u6349<\/span>\uff08MoCap\uff09<\/span>\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7315\u7334\u80a2\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d ECoG \u548c MoCap \u5206\u522b\u7531 64 \u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u548c 3 \u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684 MoCap \u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u968f\u9644\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u72ec\u7acb\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u504f\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7315\u7334\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5728 ECoG \u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u6d4b\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
3.1.2 \u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n


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Kaplanis \u7b49\u4eba[26]\u57fa\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/span> (Representation learning) <\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u5373\u516c\u5f0f1\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u81ea\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u53d8\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>\u03b8<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u8f93\u5165 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6210\u5b8f\u89c2\u8f93\u51fa <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi>\u03d5<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>h<\/span><\/mi>\u03be<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6765\u5206\u522b\u5b66\u4e60 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>I<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>;<\/span><\/mo>V<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7b49\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee<\/span> (\u5373 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>) <\/span>\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8be5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\u56fea\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56feb\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a toy \u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u8f93\u5165 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5b58\u5728 6 \u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728 0 \u548c 1 \u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u4e3a <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/msubsup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5fae\u89c2\u8f93\u5165 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u524d 5 \u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u52a0\u548c\u6a21 2 \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u5b58\u5728 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6982\u7387\u76f8\u7b49<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2<\/span>\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u7b2c6\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4ee5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b3<\/span><\/mi>e<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>x<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>r<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>a<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6982\u7387\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u76f8\u7b49<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u56feb\u6240\u793a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fea\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u5927\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b66\u4e60\u51fa\u6765\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 groundtruth <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fd1\u4f3c\u76f8\u7b49\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5219\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5145\u5206\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f0a\u7aef\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3.2 \u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n


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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u653b\u514b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u5927\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5fae\u5206\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u903c\u8fd1\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u5c1d\u8bd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[44][40]\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86 Rosas \u65b9\u6cd5[37]\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5728\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>,<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>T<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4e14<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>t<\/span><\/mi>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03be<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u6a21\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cdb\u51fd\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-math>J<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e73\u5747\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u8bcd\u6761\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u51fd\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi>q<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>+<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u5c06 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>+<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u9884\u6d4b <\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>\u2020<\/span><\/sup><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u53cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u5f97\u5230\uff1b\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>\u2261<\/span><\/mo>f<\/span><\/mi>q<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>Y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u5668\u6839\u636e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>+<\/span><\/mo>1<\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>\u2261<\/span><\/mo>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u800c\u5f97\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u6570\u636e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u5dee\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6574\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u6cdb\u51fd<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u8d85\u53c2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u96be\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1.1 NIS<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u5668<\/span>\uff08Neural Information Squeezer\uff0cNIS\uff09<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784[44]\uff0c\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7801\u5668-\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u5668-\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5373\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u3001\u62df\u5408\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u53cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fd0\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u5c06\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u914d\u5408\u968f\u673a\u566a\u58f0\u89e3\u7801\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u7528\u53ef\u9006\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08INN\uff09<\/span>\u6784\u5efa\u7f16\u7801\u5668<\/span>\uff08Encoder\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668<\/span>\uff08Decoder\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u548c\u53cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>\u2020<\/span><\/sup><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u9006\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5012\u7f6e\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u53cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u5373 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>\u2020<\/span><\/sup><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup>\u2248<\/span><\/mo>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sup><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sup><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u566a\u97f3\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7f6e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u89e3\u7801\u6210\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002NIS\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03c8<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9006\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9006\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c<\/sub><\/span>\u4e3a\u6295\u5f71\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u53bb\u9664 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u540e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>,<\/span><\/mo>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>\u2218<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5408\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-math>\u03d5<\/span><\/mi>\u2020<\/span><\/sup><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-math>z<\/span><\/mi>\u223c<\/span><\/mo>\u039d<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow>(<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>I<\/span><\/mi>p<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>q<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/mo>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7ef4\u968f\u673a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0[44]\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u516c\u5f0f1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3a\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5373 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u8d85\u53c2 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>q<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-math>J<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u5373 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u627e\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4e8b\u5148\u4f7f EI \u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5b9a\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5b9a\u7406\u4e00\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u6324\u538b\u5668\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u53cc\u5c04 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03c8<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3001\u6295\u5f71<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>f<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u65af\u566a\u97f3 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>z<\/span><\/mi>p<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>q<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>\u223c<\/span><\/mo>\u039d<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow>(<\/span><\/mo>0<\/span><\/mn>,<\/span><\/mo>I<\/span><\/mi>p<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u2212<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>q<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5b9a\u7406\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5b9a\u7406\u4e00\u548c\u5b9a\u7406\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h6>\n
3.2.1.1 \u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/h6>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

NIS\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0cNIS \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>– machine\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/span> <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/span><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/mo><\/mover><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u6709 <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u51fd\u6570 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b7<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03f5<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>T<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u968f\u673a\u6027\u6307\u6807\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u5f81\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u5f53\u6574\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u8bad\u7ec3\u5145\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6536\u655b\u5230\u6709\u6548\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u540c\u65f6NIS\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 G-emergence \u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cNIS\u540c\u6837\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1aa\uff09\u5728 G-emergence \u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800cNIS\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff1bb\uff09NIS\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c G-emergence \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6280\u672f\u6765\u62df\u5408\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h6>\n
3.2.1.2 \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span><\/h6>\n

<\/h6>\n
NIS \u4f5c\u8005\u5728<\/span>\u5f39\u7c27\u632f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u56fea\u5c55\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ed3\u679c\u7ebf\u6027\u91cd\u5408\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u56fe b \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u56fe c \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u591a\u6b65\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u56fe d \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e3a2\u65f6\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6700\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5f39\u7c27\u632f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/h6>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
3.2.2 NIS+<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

NIS \u867d\u7136\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9 EI \u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8bc6\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5f0f1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6768\u660e\u54f2\u7b49\u4eba[40]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 NIS+ \u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u53cd\u5411\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u52a0\u6743\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u53d8\u5206\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5176\u53d8\u5206\u4e0b\u754c\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h6>\n
3.2.2.1 \u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/h6>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u5206\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u548c\u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u516c\u5f0f2\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-box><\/mjx-munderover><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mo><\/munder><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>g<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u53cd\u5411\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>+<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>w<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>x<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e3a\u9006\u6982\u7387\u6743\u503c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-mover><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-nstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-over><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-mover><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-num><\/mjx-line><\/mjx-dstrut><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-mrow><\/mjx-den><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-dtable><\/mjx-dbox><\/mjx-frac><\/mjx-mfrac><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d <\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u5e03\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/mo>y<\/span><\/mi>t<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h6>\n
3.2.2.2 \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/h6>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 NIS+ \u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u56fe a \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8f68\u8ff9\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u56fe\u50cf\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u8111\u7535\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7b49\uff1b\u56fec\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u56feb\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e NIS \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53cd\u5411\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u91cd\u52a0\u6743\u6280\u672f\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h6>\n
3.2.2.3 \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/h6>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578bSIR\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Boids\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6e38\u620f\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u5b9e\u4eba\u7c7b\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edffMRI\u4fe1\u53f7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u9e1f\u7fa4\u548c\u8111\u4fe1\u53f7\u5206\u522b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a NIS+ \u5b66\u4e60 Boids \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002(a)\u548c(e)\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u9e1f\u7fa4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u566a\u58f0\u6c34\u5e73<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u4e3a 0.001 \u548c 0.4\uff09<\/span>\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u6b65\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u566a\u97f3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\u9884\u6d4b\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u566a\u97f3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u9884\u6d4b\u66f2\u7ebf\u4f1a\u53d1\u6563\u3002(b)\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u591a\u6b65\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7edd\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee<\/span>\uff08MAE\uff09<\/span>\u968f\u7740\u534a\u5f84 r \u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u4e0a\u5347\u3002(c)\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6(q)\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ea6\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>J<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee<\/span>\uff08MAE\uff09<\/span>\u968f\u7740\u8bad\u7ec3 epoch \u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u7ef4\u5ea6 q = 8 \u65f6\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6700\u663e\u8457\u3002(d)\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u56e0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u56fe\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u6bcf\u53ea\u9e1f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5750\u6807\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u8d8a\u6df1\u8868\u793a\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u6a59\u8272\u70b9\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u5173\u8054\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f52\u56e0\u663e\u8457\u6027\u503c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u68af\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Integrated Gradient\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 IG\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6a2a\u8f74\u8868\u793a 16 \u53ea\u9e1f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684 x \u548c y \u5750\u6807\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u8868\u793a 8 \u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u6de1\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53 Boid \u7684\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u84dd\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u9e1f\u7fa4\u3002(f)\u548c(g)\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u566a\u58f0\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5ea6\u91cf <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u0394<\/span><\/mi>J<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u8bef\u5deeMAE\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c(f)\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span> (\u5373\u89c2\u6d4b\u566a\u97f3\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u6570\u636e) <\/span>\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c (g)\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5728\u566a\u58f0<\/span> (\u7528 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03b1<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 Boids \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u52a0\u5165)<\/span> \u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728(f)\u548c(g)\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u8fdd\u53cd\u516c\u5f0f 1 \u4e2d\u8bef\u5dee\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u9608\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u5f52\u4e00\u5316 MAE \u5927\u4e8e\u9608\u503c 0.3 \u65f6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8fd9\u7ec4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0cNIS+\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316EI\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5927\u5316\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8d85\u51fa\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u4e86\u5e73\u5747\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u79ef\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u968f\u5916\u5728\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u5185\u5728\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5916\u5728\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u524a\u51cf\u5185\u5728\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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4.1 \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


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4.2 \u5728\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


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\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cKlein \u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u566a\u97f3\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u81ea\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u3002Klein \u7b49[47]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002Klein \u7b49[48]\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 1800 \u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u566a\u97f3\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5f39\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5f39\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


Hoel \u7b49\u5728\u6587\u7ae0[49]\u4e2d\u501f\u52a9\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u6700\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u53d1\u80b2\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u53d1\u80b2\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u917f\u9152\u9175\u6bcd\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8054\u901a\u96c6\u56e2\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bcc\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6700\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


Swain \u7b49\u5728\u6587\u7ae0[50]\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u8681\u7fa4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7814\u7a76\u566a\u58f0\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8682\u8681\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8681\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u4e92\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u4f53\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u8682\u8681\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u97f3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u8682\u8681\u5207\u6362\u529f\u80fd\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u8681\u7fa4\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u8681\u7fa4\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u8681\u7fa4\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

4.3 \u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Marrow \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u6587\u7ae0[51]\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5f15\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u548c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u5bf9\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e0b\u6e38\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6bcf\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f EI \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>L<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u6574\u4f53do\u6210\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u56e0\u548c\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u7075\u654f\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7075\u654f\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-base><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-under><\/mjx-row><\/mjx-munder><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mo><\/munder><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc i\uff0cj \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u548c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e72\u9884 i \u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5206\u5e03\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e72\u9884\u8f93\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u5143 i \u4e3a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u5373\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884cdo\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7075\u654f\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7075\u654f\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7075\u654f\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

4.4 \u5728\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLuppi \u7b49\u4eba[52]\u57fa\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u540c\u5168\u5c40\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5168\u5c40\u4fe1\u606f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u9759\u606f\u6001\u7684 fMRI \u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 100 \u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u300115 \u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u9ebb\u9189\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u88ab\u8bd5\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9ebb\u9189\u524d\u3001\u9ebb\u9189\u4ee5\u53ca\u6062\u590d\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca 22 \u4e2a\u6162\u6027\u610f\u8bc6\u969c\u788d<\/span>\uff08DOC\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u88ab\u8bd5\u8005\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u5f97\u5230\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u503c <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>\u03a6<\/span><\/mi>R<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u540c\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u534f\u540c\u8fd8\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e DMN<\/span>\uff08Default Mode Network\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u533a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8111\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

4.5 \u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u6709\u671b\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

4.5.1 \u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed3\u5408\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb[53]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u770b\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u8868\u793a<\/span>\uff08Representation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u673a\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u501f\u9274\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a1\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u5047\u8bbe\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b2\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u89c2\u5bdf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

4.5.2 \u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u589e\u5f3a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684 do \u5e72\u9884\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u865a\u5047\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u8054\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08Out Of Distribution\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0OOD\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8054\u7cfb[54]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7279\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7a7a\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ece\u539f\u56e0<\/span> (\u7279\u5f81) <\/span>\u5230\u7ed3\u679c<\/span> (\u76ee\u6807) <\/span>\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u4ece <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>X<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>Y<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u62df\u5408\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5177\u6709 i.i.d.\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u540c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6837\u672c\u662f\u4ece\u8bad\u7ec3\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u5916\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u8bad\u7ec3\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u4f18\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6027[55]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cd\u52a0\u6743\u7684\u53bb\u504f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5916\u6cdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7279\u5f81\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e OOD \u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u5c11\u5373\u662f\u591a\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u5728 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5904\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5177\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
4.5.2.1 \u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61<\/span><\/h5>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u566a\u97f3\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u8bc1\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61<\/span>\uff08Causal Model Abstraction\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0[56]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u6982\u62ec\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528[57]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5728 \u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u538b\u7f29\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08NIS\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5e73\u51e1\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u4e2d\u5e0c\u671b\u62bd\u8c61\u540e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a1\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b2\uff09\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6df7\u80b4\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5374\u88ab\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h5>\n
4.5.2.2 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/h5>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5047\u8bbe\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u667a\u80fd\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[58]\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u603b\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u65e0\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u89c4\u5212<\/span>\uff08Planning\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6280\u672f\u501f\u9274\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

4.6 \u5176\u5b83\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h4>\n

4.6.1 \u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u5c31\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6807\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u65e9\u5c31\u662f Tononi \u5728\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u624d\u88ab Erik Hoel \u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5c1a\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7<\/span>\uff08Free will\uff09<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u771f\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7b\u89c9\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u8bc6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u90fd\u6709\u5f85\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

4.6.2 \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b66\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u9634\u9633\u3001\u4e94\u884c\u3001\u516b\u5366\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5360\u535c\u3001\u98ce\u6c34\u3001\u4e2d\u533b\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u4e24\u5957\u54f2\u5b66\u59cb\u7ec8\u96be\u4ee5\u878d\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f25\u5408\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6839\u636e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u597d\u574f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u540c\u6837\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u6bd4\u8f83\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5219\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u52a0\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f Yurchenko \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Causal Equivalence Principle\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u7ec4\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u6309\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u5957\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5e72\u9884\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u5ea6\u6216\u5f97\u51fa\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u66f4\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e94\u884c\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e94\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e94\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u751f\u76f8\u514b\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ece\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u4e94\u884c\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u7c7b\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u533b\u3001\u5360\u535c\u3001\u98ce\u6c34\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4fee\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u90fd\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4<\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5. \u6279\u5224<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7eb5\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cYurchenko \u5c31\u5728\u6587\u732e[59]\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u201d\u56e0\u679c\u201c<\/span>\uff08causation\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0<\/span>\uff08cause\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7406\u7531<\/span>\uff08reason\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u7b26\u5408\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0<\/span>\uff08cause\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5145\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u7531<\/span>\uff08reason\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u90a3\u4e48\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e Hoel \u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5ea6\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002Hoel\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u9884\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002Hoel\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9EI\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4f7f <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6700\u5927\u5316 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u89e3\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cHoel \u7684 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>E<\/span><\/mi>I<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a(1)\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff1b(2)\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u963b\u788d\u4e86Hoel\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0cHoel\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5bf9\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b67\u4e49[61]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5047\u5b9a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u00d7<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c(\u5c06n\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5408\u5e76\u4e3am\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>(<\/span><\/mo>\u22c5<\/span><\/mo>)<\/span><\/mo>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>(<\/span><\/mo>\u22c5<\/span><\/mo>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c(\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u9aa4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a)\u3002\u8fd9\u6837 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u00d7<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>(<\/span><\/mo>T<\/span><\/mi>P<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>\u00d7<\/span><\/sub><\/mo>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>)<\/span><\/mo><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>n<\/span><\/mi>\u00d7<\/span><\/mo>n<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684 TPM \u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e0e\u77e9\u9635 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>T<\/span><\/mi>P<\/span><\/mi>M<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5de6\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5148\u5bf9\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66TPM\u4e58\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\uff1b\u65b9\u7a0b\u53f3\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u5148\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684 TPM \u4e58\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u4e24\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u7528 A \u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684 TPM\u3002\u8be5\u7b49\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8868\u660e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u6dfb\u52a0\u67d0\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08lumpable\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u732e[40]\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u5316EI\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7f13\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6. \u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

6.1 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5c31\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80<\/span>\uff08Model Reduction\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5b50\u9886\u57df\uff0cAntoulas \u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u8fc7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0[62]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u524d\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea6\u7b80\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u7ea6\u7b80\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u964d\u7ef4\u800c\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019[64]\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7ea6\u7b80\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8bc4\u5224\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u8c28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

6.2 \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3\u4e5f\u548c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Dynamic Mode Decomposition, DMD\uff09<\/span>[68][69]\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6d41\u573a\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u6d41\u573a\u53d8\u52a8\u5bfb\u627e\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u628a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u65e0\u7a77\u7ef4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u7a77\u7ef4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e86Arnoldi \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u4e86 ARIMA\u3001SARIMA \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b63\u8282\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u9886\u57df[70]\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\u6309\u7167\u9891\u7387\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u6d41\u573a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\u6a21\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6d41\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e25\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u7b80\u6613\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5728\u539f\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5982\u4e0e SPA \u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u9884\u6d4b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u6001\u5206\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5149\u8c31\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u5747\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u91c7\u96c6\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4[71]\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7ea6\u7b80\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6587\u732e[72]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u5b9e\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u89e3\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u96c6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u96c6\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/h3>\n

6.3 \u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7b80\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7b80\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53eb\u505a\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u5316[73]\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u505a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u805a\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5373 Partitioning\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u5230\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span>\uff08coarse-graining\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u964d\u7ef4<\/span>\uff08dimension reduction\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684[74]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6709\u786c\u5206\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08Hard Partitioning\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8f6f\u5206\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08Soft Partitioning\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u8f6f\u5206\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u628a\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6253\u6563\u91cd\u6784\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u6001\uff1b\u800c\u786c\u5206\u7ec4\u5219\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u628a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u53e0\u548c\u53e0\u52a0<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5bf9\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u7b80\u5316\u539f\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u5411\u91cf\u505a\u7ea6\u7b80\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u65b0\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1f\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5411\u91cf\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5148\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u9488\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u786c\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u6027<\/span>\uff08lumpability\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u6027<\/span>\uff08Lumpability\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 Kemeny, Snell \u5728 1969 \u5e74\u7684\u6709\u9650\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe<\/span>\uff08Finite Markov Chains\uff09<\/span>[75]\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u6027<\/span>\uff08Lumpability\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u786c\u5206\u5757\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u53ef\u7ea6\u7b80\u7684\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6309\u7167\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5206\u5757\u65b9\u6848\u505a\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5bf9\u8f6c\u79fb\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u6982\u7387\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u6848[76]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5047\u8bbe\u5bf9\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>{<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>, <\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>, <\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>, <\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>r<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>}<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>\u2229<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>=<\/span><\/mo>\u03a6<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-math>\u03a6<\/span><\/mi><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msup><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>(<\/span><\/sup><\/mo>t<\/span><\/sup><\/mi>)<\/span><\/sup><\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> <\/span><\/sup>\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>t<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mn><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>S<\/span><\/mi>=<\/span><\/mo>{<\/span><\/mo>s<\/span><\/mi>1<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>, <\/span><\/mo>s<\/span><\/mi>2<\/span><\/sub><\/mn><\/msub>, <\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>.<\/span><\/mo>, <\/span><\/mo>s<\/span><\/mi>n<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>}<\/span><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u4e14\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>\u2208<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u90fd\u662f\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8bbe\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>k<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>m<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u4e3a<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>k<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u4e3a<\/span><\/sub><\/mo><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u5145\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u5bf9 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>,<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>A<\/span><\/mi>i<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684\u72b6\u6001 <\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>s<\/span><\/mi>k<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u7684<\/span><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mo><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-c><\/mjx-mi><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-script><\/mjx-msub><\/mjx-texatom><\/mjx-mstyle><\/mjx-math>p<\/span><\/mi>s<\/span><\/sub><\/mi>k<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub>\u2192<\/span><\/mo>A<\/span><\/mi>j<\/span><\/sub><\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mstyle><\/mjx-assistive-mml><\/mjx-container> \u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u94fe\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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    <\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

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    <\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5bfc\u8bed \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08causal emergence\uff09\u662f\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7c7b\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6bd4\u5fae\u89c2\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79f0\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0[1][2]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":54165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54264\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54264"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=54264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}