{"id":54440,"date":"2024-12-18T17:56:32","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T09:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54440"},"modified":"2024-12-18T17:56:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T09:56:32","slug":"%e8%83%bd%e9%80%a0%e5%87%ba%e5%8a%9f%e7%8e%87%e5%92%8c%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87%e9%83%bd%e9%ab%98%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e6%9c%ba%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e6%9c%89%e9%99%90%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54440","title":{"rendered":"\u80fd\u9020\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u90fd\u9ad8\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u673a\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u671f\u520a\u7f51\uff0c\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u7269\u7406\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f<\/span> <\/span>| \u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6d3b\u52a8\u9884\u544a<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a\u672c\u5468\u56db\u665a\uff0812\u670819\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u300c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span>\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u8bb2\u5e08\u9a6c\u5b87\u7ff0\u5206\u4eab\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


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I want fish, and I also want bear\u2019s paws. If I cannot have both of them, I will let the fish go, and take the bear\u2019s paws.<\/span><\/section>\n

\u2014\u2014\u201cMencius\u00b7 Gao Zi-shang\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5f53\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u53cc\u624b\u53d1\u51b7\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u624b\u5fc3\u54c8\u6c14\u6216\u8005\u6413\u624b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u53d6\u6696\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u666f\u5176\u5b9e\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u505a\u529f\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u8fdc\u53e4\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u71e7\u77f3\u78b0\u649e\u6216\u8005\u94bb\u6728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u706b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u70ed\u73b0\u8c61\u5f15\u5165\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u80fd\u3002\u706b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u5411\u667a\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u706b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8fdb\u800c\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u76f4\u523017\u300118\u4e16<\/span>\u7eaa\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5584\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6d89\u53ca\u70ed\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u73bb\u610f\u5c14 <\/span>(R. Boyle)<\/span>\u3001\u8fc8\u8036<\/span> (J. R. Mayer)<\/span>\u3001\u7126\u8033<\/span> (J. P. Joule)<\/span>\u3001\u5361\u8bfa<\/span> (N. L. S. Carnot)<\/span>\u3001\u5f00\u5c14\u6587<\/span> (Lord Kelvin, \u539f\u540d W. Thomson) <\/span>\u548c\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af<\/span> (R. J. E. Clausius)<\/span> \u7b49\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5206\u522b\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u5f3a\u3001\u70ed\u548c\u529f\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6d89\u53ca\u70ed\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u5199\u7531\u71b5\u589e\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6846\u67b6[1]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u70ed\u505a\u529f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u70ed\u673a\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u70ed\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u70ed\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u70ed\u80fd\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u7279<\/span> (J. Watt) <\/span>\u6539\u826f\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u70ed\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f15\u8d77\u4e8618\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u70ed\u673a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u3001\u5965\u6258\u70ed\u673a\u3001\u72c4\u585e\u5c14\u70ed\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6b64\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1 \u70ed\u673a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c14\u7f38\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u70ed\u6e90\u95f4\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c14\u7f38\u63a8\u52a8\u8fde\u6746\u5e26\u52a8\u8f74\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e26\u52a8\u91cd\u7269\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u70ed\u673a\u4ece\u70ed\u6e90\u95f4\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u91cd\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u52bf\u80fd\u3002\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7531\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u70ed\u6e90\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a71\u52a8\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u70ed\u673a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u529f\u7387\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u70ed\u673a\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4ee3\u8868\u70ed\u673a\u80fd\u4ee5\u591a\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u4ece\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90\u5438\u6536\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u3002\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u76f4\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u51c6\u9759\u6001<\/span> (\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u5316\u8db3\u591f\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u51e0\u4e4e\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u6001) <\/span>\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u70ed\u673a\u3002\u8428\u8fea\u00b7\u5361\u8bfa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5373\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387[1]\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d T<\/em>C<\/sub> \u548c T<\/em>H<\/sub> \u5206\u522b\u662f\u70ed\u673a\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u51c6\u9759\u6001( t<\/em> \u2192 \u221e )\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u673a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u70ed\u529f\u8f6c\u6362\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u610f\u5473\u7740\u70ed\u673a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u8d8b\u4e8e 0\uff0c\u5373\u529f\u7387 P<\/em> \u21cc W<\/em>\/t<\/em> \u2192 0 \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u9650\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ed\u673a\u867d\u7136\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7528\u5904\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4f5c\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u548c\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2 \u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u4e3a\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u9700\u8981\u5728\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u03b7<\/span><\/em>C<\/span><\/sub>=1-<\/span>T<\/span><\/em>C<\/span><\/sub>\/<\/span>T<\/span><\/em>H<\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span> (\u5982\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b)<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\u4e00\u822c\u5904\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6548\u5e94\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ece\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u673a\uff1a\u5728\u504f\u79bb\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u3002\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u70ed\u5e93\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5747\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u3002\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u71b5\u589e\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u71b5\u589e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u635f\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u529f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u70ed\u673a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u52a8<\/span>\u673a[2,3]<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u529f\u7387\u2014\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a[4,5]\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u70ed\u673a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb[6]\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u529f\u7387\u2014\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u673a\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5206\u652f[2]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5173\u5fc3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u592a\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6f14\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u53f0\u70ed\u673a\u5bf9\u5916\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u70ed\u6e90\u5438\u6536\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u70ed\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u884c\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b[3]\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5bf9\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8003\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb[7-9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u51af<\/span> (J. Yvon) <\/span>\u7387\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u529f\u7387\u7684\u4f18\u5316[7]\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u65f6\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387<\/span> (efficiencyatmaximumpower\uff0cEMP) <\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ed\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f0a\u51af\u6240\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b<\/span> (\u4f0a\u51af\u6a21\u578b)<\/span> \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3 \u4f0a\u51af\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4f0a\u51af\u70ed\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6T<\/em>H<\/sub>\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6T<\/em>C<\/sub>\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u95f4\u7684\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a T<\/em>C<\/sub>e<\/sup> = T<\/em>C<\/sub> \uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a T<\/em>H<\/sub>e<\/sup> < T<\/em>H<\/sub> \u3002 <\/em>\u662f\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u6d41\u5411\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u70ed\u6d41\uff0c<\/span>= <\/span>P <\/span><\/em>\u662f\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f0a\u51af\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u3002\u8be5\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\uff0c\u5728\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a T<\/em>H<\/sub> \u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a T<\/em>C<\/sub> \u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u7aef\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u88ab\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u5730\u51b7\u5374\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5176\u6e29\u5ea6 T<\/em>C<\/sub>e<\/sup> \u4e0e\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373 T<\/em>C<\/sub>e<\/sup> = T<\/em>C<\/sub> \uff1b\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7aef\uff0c\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u5730\u70ed\u5316\u800c\u4e0e\u70ed\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e\u70ed\u5e93\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6 T<\/em>H<\/sub>e<\/sup> < T<\/em>H<\/sub> \u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7531\u6e29\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4ece\u70ed\u5e93\u6d41\u5411\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6052\u5b9a\u70ed\u6d41<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e00\u70ed\u6d41\u6ee1\u8db3\u725b\u987f\u4f20\u70ed\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5219\u6709<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4e2d \u03ba <\/em>\u662f\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u70ed\u673a\u5185\u53ef\u9006<\/span> (Endo-reversible)<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u70ed\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7aef\u548c\u4f4e\u6e29\u7aef\u6e29\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a T<\/em>H<\/sub>e<\/sup> \u548c T<\/em>C<\/sub>e<\/sup> \u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u610f\u5473\u7740\u70ed\u673a\u81ea\u8eab\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4ec5\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b49\u6548\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0e\u70ed\u5e93\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u6e29\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u70ed\u6d41\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6548\u7387\u662f\u7531 T<\/em>H<\/sub>e<\/sup> \u548c T<\/em>C<\/sub>e<\/sup> \u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u5c31\u662f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f0a\u51af\u5c06\u529f\u7387P<\/em> \u89c6\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff0cT<\/em>H<\/sub>e<\/sup>\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0a\u5f0f\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u9879\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u503c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53<\/span>\u65f6(5)\u5f0f\u53d6\u7b49\u53f7\u3002\u5c06(5)\u5f0f\u4ee3\u5165(4)\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u70ed\u673a\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u6548\u7387\u660e\u663e\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f0a\u51af\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6587\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5e76\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u592a\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u70ed\u673a\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6b64\u540e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5c1a\u5df4\u8fbe\u5c14<\/span> (P. Chambadal<\/span>)<\/span><\/span> [8]\u548c\u524d<\/span>\u82cf\u8054\u6838\u52a8\u529b\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bfa\u7ef4\u79d1<\/span>\u592b (I. I. Novikov) <\/span>[9]\u4e5f<\/span>\u5206\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f0a\u51af\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u30021975\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u67ef\u66fe<\/span> (F. Curzon) <\/span>\u548c\u827e\u5c14\u90a6<\/span> (B. Ahlborn) <\/span>\u7528\u670d\u4ece\u725b\u987f\u4f20\u70ed\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5185\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee<\/span>\u9898[10]\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u548c\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u5e93\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u6d41\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387 <\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684Curzon\u2014Ahlborn<\/span> (CA) <\/span>\u6548\u7387\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0cCA\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4f0a\u51af\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u5f62<\/span>\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u67ef\u66fe\u548c\u827e\u5c14\u90a6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5b66\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>[2,3]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u4e25\u5b50\u4fca\u7b49\u6700\u65e9\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u591a\u7c7b\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>[11\u201414]\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6d77\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5927\u5b66\u9648\u6797\u6839\u3001\u5b59\u4e30\u745e\u7b49\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u7684<\/span>\u63a2\u7d22[15,16]\u3002\u5230\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548<\/span>\u7387[17]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u514b<\/span><\/span> (C. Van den Broeck) <\/span>\u5229\u7528\u6602\u8428\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u4f18<\/span>\u5316[18]\uff1b\u5728\u968f\u673a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bd\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14<\/span><\/span> (T. Schmiedl) <\/span>\u548c\u585e\u5f17\u5c14\u7279<\/span> (U. Seifert) <\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ee5\u5e03\u6717\u7c92\u5b50\u4e3a\u505a\u529f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u70ed<\/span>\u673a[19]\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u6d82\u5c55\u6625\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8d39\u66fc\u68d8\u8f6e\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18<\/span>\u5316[20]\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8d39\u66fc\u68d8\u8f6e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u5173\u4e8e\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u5c55\u5f00\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u57c3\u65af\u6ce2\u897f\u6258<\/span><\/span> (M. Esposito) <\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4f4e\u8017\u6563\u7c7b\u5361\u8bfa\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u666e\u9002\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b<\/span>\u754c[21]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4 \u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387(EMP) \u03b7<\/em>* \u6240\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387 \u03b7<\/em>C<\/sub> \u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b<\/span>\u754c[21]\u3002<\/span>\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u5b9e\u7ebf\u548c\u84dd\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u5206\u522b\u662f EMP \u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u03b7<\/em>+<\/sub> = \u03b7<\/em>C<\/sub>\/(2 – \u03b7<\/em>C<\/sub>) \u548c\u4e0b\u754c \u03b7<\/em>–<\/sub> = \u03b7<\/em>C<\/sub>\/2 \uff0c\u6a58\u9ec4\u8272\u70b9\u865a\u7ebf\u662f CA \u6548\u7387<\/span>\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u662f\u6587\u732e[21]\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u7535\u7ad9\u4e2d\u70ed\u673a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe4\u7ed9\u51fa\u57c3\u65af\u6ce2\u897f\u6258\u7b49\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u666e\u9002\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e0a\u754c<\/span> \u548c\u4e0b\u754c<\/span>\u80fd\u5c06\u6b64\u524d\u4e0d\u540c\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fe4\u4e2d\u6a58\u9ec4\u8272\u70b9\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u7684CA\u6548\u7387\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u754c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u6db5\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u666e\u9002\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[21]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f15\u53d1\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u673a\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u70ed\u673a\u7684\u529f\u7387\u2014\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u8f66\u8fd0\u6c34\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9a6c\u8f66\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u53e3\u5bb9\u5668\u4ece\u6c34\u6e90\u5730\u628a\u6c34\u8fd0\u8f93\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9a6c\u8f66\u8fd0\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u98a0\u7c38\uff0c\u6c34\u5728\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ece\u5f00\u53e3\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u6d12\u843d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u9a6c\u8f66\u8d70\u5f97\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u663e\u7136\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd0\u8f93\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9a6c\u8f66\u4e00\u8d9f\u7684\u8fd0\u9001\u6c34\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u6c34\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ece\u6c34\u6e90\u5730\u8f7d\u5165\u7684\u603b\u6c34\u91cfA<\/em><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u5b9e\u9645\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6c34\u8fd0\u8f93\u91cfB<\/em>\u4e4b\u6bd4B<\/em>\/A<\/em>\u53eb\u505a\u8fd0\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u6c34\u91cf\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7531\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe5 \u9a6c\u62c9\u8f66\u8fd0\u6c34\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u98a0\u7c38\uff0c\u9a6c\u8f66\u8fd0\u6c34\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u6c34\u6d12\u51fa\uff0c\u6d12\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u4e0e\u98a0\u7c38\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u6162\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u70ed\u8017\u6563<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u6c34\u91cf\u6b63\u597d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u529f\u7387\u3002\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u635f\u8017\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931<\/span> (\u8017\u6563)<\/span>\uff0c\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u529f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u70ed\u673a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3[4,22\u201425]\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u8017\u6563\u70ed\u673a\u6a21\u578b[21]\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u970d\u9c81\u8d1d\u514b <\/span>(V. Holubec)<\/span> \u548c\u91cc\u4e9a\u535a\u592b<\/span> (A. Ryabov)<\/span> \u5728\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u4f4e\u529f\u7387\u533a\u548c\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u9644\u8fd1<\/span> (\u56fe6\u4e2d\u7070\u8272\u533a\u57df)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb[22]\uff1b\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u4f4e\u8017\u6563\u70ed\u673a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u533a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb[4]\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8c\u80fd\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u70ed\u673a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe6 \u70ed\u673a\u7684\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb[4]\u3002\u7eb5\u8f74\u662f\u7528\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u662f\u4ee5\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u5316\u5e76\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u540e\u7684\u529f\u7387\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6a58\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u548c\u7070\u8272\u70b9\u7ebf\u5206\u522b\u662f\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u548c\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u70b9\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u4e8c\u80fd\u7ea7\u70ed\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u7387\u2014\u6548\u7387\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7eff\u8272\u4e09\u89d2\u533a\u57df\u548c\u7ea2\u8272\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6587\u732e[22]\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u7070\u8272\u533a\u57df\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u7684\u4f4e\u529f\u7387\u533a\u548c\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u7387\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5bf9\u70ed\u673a\u529f\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u4f18\u5316\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u6765\u8868\u5f81\uff1a\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d8a\u5f3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6e29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4\u6070\u597d\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4[4\u20146,19,21,26,27]\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u6d01\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. \u4ece\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u81f4 \u8c22  <\/span><\/strong>\u611f\u8c22\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u8881\u7ea2\u548c\u5cb3\u946b\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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[2] Andresen B\uff0cSalamon P\uff0cBerry R S. Physics Today\uff0c1984\uff0c37(9)\uff1a63\uff1bJ. Chem. Phys., 1977\uff0c66 (4)\uff1a1571<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Bejan A. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics. New York\uff1aWiley\uff0c1988<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Ma Y H\uff0cXu D\uff0cDong H et al. Phys. Rev. E\uff0c2018\uff0c98\uff1a042112<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Ma Y H\uff0cXu D\uff0cDong H et al. Phys. Rev. E\uff0c2018, 98, 022133<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Ma Y H\uff0cZhai R X\uff0cChen J F et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2020\uff0c125\uff1a210601<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Yvon J. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Geneva\uff1aUnited Nations\uff0c1955. p. 387<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Chambadal P. Les Centrales Nuclaires. Paris\uff1aArmand Colin\uff0c1957<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] Novikov I. J. Nucl. Energy\uff0c1958\uff0c7\uff1a125<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9769\u547d\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u70ed\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5982\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u77f3\u6eaa\u5206\u6821\u6559\u6388\u6c6a\u52b2\u3001\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6881\u5e08\u7fce\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5510\u4e7e\u5143\uff08\u5085\u6e25\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u751f\u547d\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u70ed\u673a\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6da8\u843d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u53cd\u5e38\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bda\u631a\u9080\u8bf7\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5206\u4eab\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea4\u6d41\uff01\uff08\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u62a5\u540d\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>Physics Reports \u901f\u9012\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u70ed\u673a\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u51b0\u7bb1<\/strong><\/a><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u547d\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong>\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


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\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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