{"id":54609,"date":"2024-12-23T20:20:26","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T12:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54609"},"modified":"2024-12-23T20:20:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T12:20:26","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e6%a0%b9%e6%ba%90%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e8%87%aa%e6%97%8b%e7%8e%bb%e7%92%83%e5%88%b0%e8%83%bd%e9%87%8f%e6%99%af%e8%a7%82%ef%bd%9c2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=54609","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u4ece\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2\uff5c2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u6df1\u611f\u610f\u5916\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5417\uff1f\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u666e\u6742\u5fd7 Physics Today <\/em>\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b John Hopfield \u548c Geoffrey Hinton \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5230\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Johanna L. Miller<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u9898\u76ee\uff1aNobel Prize highlights neural networks\u2019 physics roots<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/physicstoday\/article\/77\/12\/12\/3320663\/Nobel-Prize-highlights-neural-networks-physics<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e9\u5df2\u7528\u5728\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u5f71\u54cd\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\uff1a\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662f\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08John Hopfield\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u8f9b\u987f<\/span>\uff08Geoffrey Hinton\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8111\u542f\u53d1\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u800c\u8f9b\u987f\u5219\u957f\u671f\u8eab\u5904\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7684\u601d\u8003\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u754c\u4ea4\u53c9\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5999\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 William Bialek \u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u2018\u628a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u8111\u662f\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9ad8\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4f4e\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u201c\u653e\u7535\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u653e\u7535\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u66ff\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5c11\u91cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u653e\u7535\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684  Jay McClelland \u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ece\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u628a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u89c6\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb71982\u5e74\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002[1] \u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u80fd\u4f20\u5bfc\u58f0\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u58f0\u901f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u58f0\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4e09\u56db\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u63ed\u793a\u58f0\u6ce2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7<\/strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u548c<\/strong>\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\u53bb\u63ed\u793a\u5927\u8111\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c<\/strong>\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u7167\u642c<\/strong>\u795e\u7ecf<\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/strong>\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e94\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f53\u65f6\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5305\u542b30\uff5e100\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u4e8e\u72b6\u60011<\/span>\uff08\u653e\u7535\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u72b6\u60010<\/span>\uff08\u672a\u653e\u7535\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7531\u8026\u5408\u5e38\u6570<\/span>\uff08coupling constant\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8026\u5408\u5e38\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6b63\u503c\u6216\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u662f\u5426\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u7535\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe1. \u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\uff08spin glass\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8054\u60f3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u80fd\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u586b\u8865\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bc1\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u601d\u60f3\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\uff5c\u56fe\u7531 Freddie Pagani \u7ed8\u5236\uff1b\u5154\u5b50\u7167\u7247\u7531 JM Ligero Loarte\/Wikimedia Commons\/CC BY 3.0\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6784\u9020\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u94c1\u78c1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u94c1\u78c1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u57fa\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u65cb\u90fd\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u5c31\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u65cb\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u81ea\u504f\u597d\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08energy landscape\uff09<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u5c40\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u4f3c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2\u5176\u5b9e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u6784\u578b\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8111\u7a81\u89e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u76d8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u201c1\u201d\u548c\u201c0\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u9700\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728<\/strong>\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7<\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c<\/strong>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6570\u636e\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728<\/strong>\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u60f3\u6765\u201c\u56de\u5fc6\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8d4b\u4e88\u5408\u9002\u7684\u521d\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u5f85\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5f1b\u8c6b\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u771f\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9ad8\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u822c\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5219\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u66fe\u76f4\u63a5\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6b4c\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u60f3\u8d77\u6574\u9996\u6b4c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8054\u60f3<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08associative memory\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5927\u8111\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5982\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u523b\u753b\u7684\u9759\u6b62\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u771f\u5b9e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u975e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eae\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6765\u81ea\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Technical University of Munich\uff09<\/span>\u7684 Leo van Hemmen \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u4ec5 Hopfield \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6781\u597d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u201d\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c1982\u5e74\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5f1b\u8c6b\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u80fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8fc7\u591a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u53d7\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9b4f\u8328\u66fc\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span>\uff08Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel\uff09<\/span>\u7684 Eytan Domany \u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bcc\u6709\u624d\u534e\u3001\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u8d1f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u94bb\u7814\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u51b3\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8db3\u591f\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u611f\u5230\u5174\u594b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u201c\u98a0\u5012\u201d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6070\u5982\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Hebrew University of Jerusalem\uff09<\/span>Haim Sompolinsky\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u9053<\/strong>\u5fae\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c<\/strong>\u7136\u540e\u6c42\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u57fa\u6001\uff1f\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6574\u4e2a\u666f\u89c2\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7 1982\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u6001<\/strong>\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u95ee\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684<\/strong>\u5fae\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u6001<\/strong>\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c<\/strong>\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u5f3a\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u5404\u81ea\u7684<\/strong>\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2<\/strong>\u53bb\u81ea\u53d1\u6f14\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f1a<\/strong>\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong>\uff1f<\/strong>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u6539\u8fdb\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65e9\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6bd4\u598220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u5165\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5706\u5f62\u548c\u65b9\u5f62\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bad\u7ec3\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u7c7b\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002van Hemmen \u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u65e6\u78b0\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8c03\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u53c2\u6570\u4f46\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u7406\u53bb\u6307\u5bfc\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u5ea6\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f9b\u987f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005 Terrence Sejnowski 1978\u5e74\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5c06\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6269\u5c55\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Boltzmann machine\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u9274\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u3002[2]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb71982\u5e74\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u6e29\u5ea6\u65f6\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u4ed6\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u5355\u8c03\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u6f14\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u521d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u5e76\u505c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f9b\u987f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cTerry \u548c\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u968f\u673a\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u96f6\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5076\u5c14\u8df3\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/strong>\u7ed9\u5b9a<\/strong>\u8db3\u591f<\/strong>\u957f<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u62df<\/strong>\u4f1a<\/strong>\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76<\/strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u5230<\/strong>\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4f4e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6982\u7387\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f9b\u987f\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c1983\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u53bb\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u65b0\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5206\u5e03\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002[3]\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5177\u6709\u5171\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b573\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u6982\u7387\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5171\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5728\u539f\u5148\u4ec5\u542b\u6709\u7f16\u7801\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9690\u85cf\u8282\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7528\u7070\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2<\/strong>.<\/strong> \u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9690\u85cf\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7528\u7070\u8272\u8868\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u975e\u96f6\u6709\u6548\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u6784\u578b\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8f9b\u987f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9879\u3002\uff5c\u56fe\u7531 Freddie Pagani \u7ed8\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u7ea6\u4e0e\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c \u8f9b\u987f\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 David Rumelhart \u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08backpropagation\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5[4]\uff0c\u8fd9\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\u201d<\/span>\uff08feedforward network\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u53cc\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ea\u6cbf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\uff1a\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u611f\u77e5\u5668<\/span>\uff08multilayer perceptron\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u60f3\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u505a\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4f60\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e00\u5f20\u5154\u5b50\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5b83\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u5154\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u4e4c\u9f9f\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u7ed3\u679c\u91cd\u56de\u6b63\u8f68\uff1f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u3001\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0a\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bef\u5dee\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u671f\u671b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u5f0f\u6c42\u5bfc\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bef\u5dee\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u5bfc\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u68af\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bfc\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8bef\u5dee\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u65b9\u5411\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u8bef\u5dee\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u96f6\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f60\u8fd8\u5f97\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u90fd\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\u5404\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6807\u914d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6982\u5ff5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff0c\u548c\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u6bd4\u5982 ChatGPT\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u76f4\u89c2\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u7f8e\u5999\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b63\u5982 McClelland \u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u8ba9\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u7684\u5bfc\u6570\u3002\u201d \u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u662f\u4ee5\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5173\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u594f\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u503c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u65e9\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb71984\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002[5]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5219\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5bf9\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u4e94\u5c42\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6570\u7b97\u662f\u5c0f\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u504f\u5bfc\u6570\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6162\u5230\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u76f4\u523021\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u8f9b\u987f\u624d\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u7248\u672c\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a<\/span>\uff08Restricted Boltzmann Machine\uff0cRBMs\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u662f\u6307<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u53ea<\/strong>\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u9690\u85cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\uff08\u975e\u9690\u85cf\uff09\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4<\/strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u3002[6] \u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5c42\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8f9b\u987f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5c42\u5bf9\u5b64\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6743\u91cd\u5927\u81f4\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5fae\u8c03\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u572d\u5c14\u592b\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Guelph in Canada\uff09<\/span>\u7684 Graham Taylor<\/span>\uff082009\u5e74\u5728\u8f9b\u987f\u95e8\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u7740\u6709\u70b9\u7cd9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u6fc0\u52a8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e94\u5c42\u3001\u516d\u5c42\u751a\u81f3\u4e03\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u2018\u6df1\u5ea6\u2019\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u2018\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u592a\u4e45\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u66b4\u6da8\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fGPU<\/span>\uff08\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u505a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Taylor \u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cGPU\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd8\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u597d\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9893\u52bf\uff1a\u5b83\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe3<\/strong>.<\/strong> \u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c<\/strong>\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u50cf\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\uff5c\u56fe\u7531Freddie Pagani\u7ed8\u5236\uff1b\u5154\u5b50\u7167\u7247\u7531JM Ligero Loarte\/Wikimedia Commons\/CC BY 3.0\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1b\u4ff3\u53e5\u7531GPT-4\u751f\u6210\uff0cOpenAI\uff0c2024\u5e7410\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65e7\u74f6\u88c5\u7684\u65b0\u9152<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u767e\u6216\u6570\u5343\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8f9b\u987f\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u745e\u5178\u54e5\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Gothenburg in Sweden\uff09<\/span>\u7684 Bernhard Mehlig \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e66\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u6559\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u8ddf\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201dMehlig \u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ed62021\u5e74\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e00\u5171\u5c31\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8f9b\u987f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u90a3\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u5907\u667a\u80fd\u5417\uff1f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6070\u5982\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08University of Maryland\uff09<\/span>Sankar Das Sarma\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u673a\u5668\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5177\u5907\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u65e0\u5173\u3002ChatGPT\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6781\u5176\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5982\u4e24\u5c81\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6570\u636e\u638c\u63e1\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b20\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u8bfb\u8fc7\u548c\u542c\u8fc7\u51e0\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u60f3\u5230ChatGPT\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u591a\u4e00\u5343\u500d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u667a\u80fd\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u6709\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u597d\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f9b\u987f\u548c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u90fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4e00\u65e6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6269\u5c55\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u4e00\u5207\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u9650\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5931\u63a7\uff0c\u62d4\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6e90\u63d2\u5934\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Mehlig \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u548c\u865a\u5047\u56fe\u50cf\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6b3a\u9a97\u516c\u4f17\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5e38\u5e38\u6f2b\u8c08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u672a\u6765\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u800c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff1a\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u6b21\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u521b\u4f5c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1fDas Sarma\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u8425\u6536\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u89e3\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9<\/span>\uff08\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f85\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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Bialek \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9762\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u611f\u5230\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u56de\u907f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684<\/strong>\u5e8f\u53c2\u91cf\uff08order parameter\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa<\/strong>\u6765\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f<\/strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5316\u89e3\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u6d1e\u89c1\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba9\u4eba\u65e0\u4ece\u4e0b\u624b\u3002\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u8bef\u5dee\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7f51\u7edc\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u9ad8\u4f4d\u9677\u5165\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff1f\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Northwestern University\uff09<\/span>\u7684 Sara Solla \u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Surya Ganguli \u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u2018\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u2019\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u978d\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70b9\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u5b9a\u628a\u8bef\u5dee\u7ee7\u7eed\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u7b97\u5728\u505a\u7269\u7406\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6070\u5982 Solla \u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec<\/strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u4eff\u7167<\/strong>\u9e1f\u62cd\u7fc5\u8180\u98de\u884c<\/strong>\u53bb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7684<\/strong>\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u4e4b\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u8111\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64<\/strong>\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u786e\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u672a\u5fc5\u662f<\/strong>\u7167\u642c\u5927<\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f46\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5417\uff1f\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Francesca Mignacco \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u8865\u4f46\u53c8\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u5efa\u6a21\u592a\u8fc7<\/strong>\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u6070\u597d\u6709<\/strong>\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u800c\u505c\u6b62\u601d\u8003\u8ffd\u95ee\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b22\u8fce\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u8005\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
[1]J. J. Hopfield, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2554 (1982).<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]S. E. Fahlman, G. E. Hinton, T. J. Sejnowski, in Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 3, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (1983), p. 109.<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]D. H. Ackley , G. E. Hinton, T. J. Sejnowski, Cogn. Sci. 9, 147 (1985).<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]D. E. Rumelhart, G. E. Hinton, R. J. Williams, Nature 323, 533 (1986).<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]J. J. Hopfield, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 3088 (1984).<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]G. E. Hinton, Neural Comput. 14, 1771 (2002); G. E. Hinton, S. Osindero, Y.-W. zzTeh, Neural Comput. 18, 1527 (2006).<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]M. C. Frank, Trends Cogn. Sci. 27, 990 (2023).<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9769\u547d\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u70ed\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u5982\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u897f\u6e56\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u4ea4\u53c9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u6c64\u96f7\u7ff0\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u77f3\u6eaa\u5206\u6821\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u6c6a\u52b2\u3001\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6881\u5e08\u7fce\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5510\u4e7e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4f4d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4ece12\u670812\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u56db\u665a20:00-22:00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba112\u5468\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bda\u631a\u9080\u8bf7\u5404\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7d22\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u9002\u7406\u8bba\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/section>\n
1. <\/strong>2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u5956\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
2. <\/strong>2024\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u8bfa\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9769\u547d<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/strong>2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u4e3a\u4f55\u6388\u4e88\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9047\u89c1\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u7834\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>5.<\/strong> \u9f99\u5e74\u5927\u8fd0\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\uff01\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/mp-style-type><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed 2024\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u6df1\u611f\u610f\u5916\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5417\uff1f\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u666e\u6742\u5fd7 Physics Today \u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b John Hopfield \u548c Geo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":54604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54609\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54609"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=54609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}