{"id":57207,"date":"2025-03-27T19:31:08","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T11:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=57207"},"modified":"2025-03-27T19:31:08","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T11:31:08","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%99%be%e5%b9%b4%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e4%b9%8b2%ef%bc%9a%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e7%a7%a9%e5%ba%8f%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e6%b3%95%e5%88%99-%e6%b3%a1%e5%88%a9%e4%b8%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=57207","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5b50\u767e\u5e74\u7cfb\u5217\u4e4b2\uff1a\u7269\u8d28\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6cd5\u5219\u2014\u2014\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Olival Freire Jr\u3001Thiago Hartz<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u81ea\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b<\/span>\uff08Dmitri Mendeleev\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1869\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6301\u7eed\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u968f\u7740J\u00b7J\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u5b59<\/span>\uff08J. J. Thomson\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u53d1\u73b0\u539f\u5b50\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u4e9a\u539f\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a2\u7d22\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u30021911\u5e74\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5362\u745f\u798f<\/span>\uff08Ernest Rutherford\uff09<\/span>\u63ed\u793a\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e9a\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdc\u5f81\u6b63\u5f0f\u542f\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u573a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u65c5\u5728\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u76841925\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6491\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Pauli exclusion principle)<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u5e74\u8f7b\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7\u6ce1\u5229<\/span>\uff08Wolfgang Pauli\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u73bb\u5c14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6570[3]\uff1a\u89d2\u91cf\u5b50\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u5f81\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u78c1\u91cf\u5b50\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f68\u9053\u78c1\u77e9\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8865\u5145\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u7ed5\u6838\u4f5c\u5706\u5468\u8fd0\u52a8\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u89d2\u52a8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u8fd0\u52a8\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u78c1\u77e9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u6c22\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5230\u4e861923-24\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u96be\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u7ed5\u6838\u7535\u5b50\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u573a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u8c31\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u65a5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u57281925\u5e74\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u5e74\u4ec524\u5c81\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u53d7\u540c\u884c\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u3002\u81ea\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u795e\u7ae5\u2014\u2014\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5149\u73af\u5e76\u672a\u4ee4\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8363\u683c<\/span>\uff08Carl Jung\uff09<\/span>\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u8363\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u957f\u671f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u8bdd[4]\u3002\u6ce1\u5229\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6781\u4e3a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u96c6\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d20\u6750\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce1\u5229\u539f\u7406[1]\u867d\u53d7\u5230\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u00b7\u65af\u901a\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Edmund Clifton Stoner\uff09<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u539f\u521b\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u547d\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08numerology\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6ce1\u5229\u5bf9\u73bb\u5c14\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8865\u5145\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e2a\u56db\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u9879\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u65b0\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u4ec5\u80fd\u53d6\u4e24\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u503c\uff1a+\u0127\/2\u6216\u2212\u0127\/2\u3002\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u81ea\u65cb\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u503c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u573a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u5e94\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8c31\u7ebf\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u65cb\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u89c6\u89c9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u6cbf\u8f74\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u5e26\u7535\u4f53\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u9762\u65cb\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u5149\u901f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6307\u793a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5947\u5f02\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8fdd\u80cc\u7ecf\u5178\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce1\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u5373\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d77\u5c14\u5e03\u6717<\/span>\uff08John Heilbron\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u539f\u7406\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u9887\u5177\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u5341\u8beb\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff1a\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u2026\u2026\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u503c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u201d[5]\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u65b0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u4ee4\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce1\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u5d4c\u5957\u4e8e\u65b0\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba[3]\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u8bba\u8fa9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8bf8\u591a\u5f85\u89e3\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8dc3\u8fc1\uff1f\u76f4\u52301927\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u53d1\u8870\u53d8\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684[6]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u5176\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u534a\u6574\u6570\u81ea\u65cb\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u0127\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7c92\u5b50\u9075\u5faa\u7531\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u6069\u91cc\u79d1\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73\u4e8e1926\u5e74\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8d39\u7c73-\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7edf\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08Fermi\u2013Dirac statistics\uff09<\/span>[7]\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7edf\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08Bose\u2013Einstein statistics)\uff08\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\u6e90\u4e8e\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8428\u7279\u5ef6\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u73bb\u8272\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6570\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u81ea1925\u5e74\u6ce1\u5229\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u53ca\u8d39\u7c73-\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u00bd\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u95f4\u672c\u8d28\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdf\u81f31939\u5e74\u65b9\u7531\u6ce1\u5229\u95e8\u751f\u9a6c\u5e93\u65af\u00b7\u83f2\u5c14\u65af\u9996\u5ea6\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u6d8c\u73b0\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u6ce1\u5229\u672c\u4eba\u57281940\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e[8]\u30021964\u5e74\uff0c\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u91cc\u7279<\/span>\uff08Raymond Streater\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u6000\u7279\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Arthur Wightman\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u6210\u679c\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u4e3a”\u81ea\u65cb\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9a\u7406”[9]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u00b7\u6234\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Freeman Dyson\uff09<\/span>\u57281967\u5e74\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u7ae0[10]\u5f00\u5934\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u57c3\u4f26\u8d39\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08Paul Ehrenfest\uff09<\/span>\u57281931\u5e74\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53d6\u4e00\u5757\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u77f3\u5934\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7adf\u7136\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u5b50\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u5806\u79ef\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u5806\u79ef\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ce1\u5229\u539f\u7406\u2018\u540c\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u2019\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u5b50\u663e\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5927\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u77f3\u5934\u663e\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6234\u68ee\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65b0\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u7531\u6234\u68ee\u548c\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u83b1\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Andrew Lenard\uff09<\/span>\u57281967\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e[11]\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u8bc1\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u827e\u7565\u7279\u00b7\u5229\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Elliott Lieb\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u8482\u6797<\/span>\uff08Walter Thirring\uff09<\/span>\u57281975\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7b80\u77ed\u3001\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bc1\u660e[12]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u5904\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6ce1\u5229\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u56e0\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u5173\u952e\u652f\u67f1\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6570\u548c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u4e3a\u66f4\u5947\u7279\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u6001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u574d\u7f29\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea6\u4e3a\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u57281967\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u5c04\u7535\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u9996\u5ea6\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7b80\u5e76\u538b\u529b<\/span>\uff08neutron degeneracy pressure\uff09<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6784\u6210\u6052\u661f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6838\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5f15\u529b\u4e0b\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u8d28\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5b50\u90fd\u5728\u4e89\u593a\u8fdb\u5165\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u6001\u3002\u6ce1\u5229\u539f\u7406\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u661f\u4f53\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u574d\u7f29\u6781\u9650\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u592a\u9633\u578b\u6052\u661f\u7684\u574d\u7f29\u6b8b\u9ab8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5947\u5f02\u578b\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u4f53\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u5f15\u7528\u81f3 https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-00731-x<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b63\u5982\u81ea\u65cb\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9a\u7406\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u6ce1\u5229\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u624d\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u6210\u529f\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Eric Cornell)<\/span>\u3001\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7\u51ef\u7279\u52d2<\/span>\uff08Wolfgang Ketterle\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5a01\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Carl Wieman\uff09<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e862001\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u9988\u8d60\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u73cd\u5b9d\u3002\u4ece\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5230\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u53ca\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bf8\u591a\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u5960\u5b9a\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5f15\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7c92\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u66fe\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7384\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u547d\u7406\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u67f1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
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    Pauli, W. Z. Phys. 31, 765\u2013783 (1925).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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    Bohr, N. Lond. Edinb. Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci. 26, 1\u201325<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    (1913).<\/span><\/section>\n
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      Duncan, A. & Janssen, M. Constructing Quantum<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Mechanics Vol. 1 & 2 (OUP, 2019 & 2023).<\/span><\/section>\n
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        Enz, C. P. No Time to Be Brief (OUP, 2010).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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        Heilbron, J. L. Hist. Stud. Phys. Sci. 13, 261\u2013310 (1983).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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        Dirac, P. A. M. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 114, 243\u2013265 (1927).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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        Monaldi, D. in The Oxford Handbook of the History of<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        Quantum Interpretations (ed. Friere, O.) 255\u2013280 (OUP,<\/span><\/section>\n
        2022).<\/span><\/section>\n
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          Pauli, W. Phys. Rev. 58, 716\u2013722 (1940).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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          Borrelli, A. in Compendium of Quantum Physics (eds<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          Greenberger, D., Hentschel, K. & Weinert, F.) 733\u2013736<\/span><\/section>\n
          (Springer, 2009).<\/span><\/section>\n
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            Dyson, F. J. J. Math. Phys. 8, 1538\u20131545 (1967).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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            Dyson, F. J. & Lenard, A. J. Math. Phys. 8, 423\u2013434 (1967).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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            Lieb, E. H. & Thirring, W. E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 687\u2013689<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            (1975).<\/span><\/section>\n

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            \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u667a\u80fd\u590d\u6742\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u9752\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6731\u7fa4\u559c\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u767e\u4eba\u8ba1\u5212\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u674e\u6a35\u98ce\u3001\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4e01\u749f\u97ec\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfbAlbert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u9ad8\u5a77\u5a77\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u96c5\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u66f9\u6587\u797a\u3001\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u5411\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8d75\u4f2f\u6797\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u725f\u7267\u4e91\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63<\/a>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e8e9\u67085\u65e5\u8d77\u6bcf\u5468\u56db\u665a\u4e0a20:00-22:00\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u56db\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u63a8\u65ad\u3001\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a8\u65ad\uff08\u52a8\u529b\u5b66+\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3001\u5e94\u7528-\u8d85\u6750\u6599\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba75\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4ece\u9ed1\u76d2\uff08\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\uff09\u5230\u767d\u76d2\uff08\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6355\u6349\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n

            <\/span><\/section>\n
            \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

            \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u5230\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5f8b\uff5c\u5185\u964475\u7bc7\u9886\u57df\u5fc5\u8bfb\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \n
            <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
            <\/strong><\/section>\n
            1. <\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff1f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
            2. <\/strong>\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u548c\u56fa\u4f53\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd8\u539f\u4e0e\u6f14\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u9053\u8def<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
            3. <\/strong>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u89e3\u51b3\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u5149\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
            <\/strong><\/section>\n
            4. <\/strong><\/span>\u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u53ef\u5fae\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406 | \u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5168\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/strong>5. <\/strong>\u89e3\u9501\u96c6\u667a\u5168\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u5212<\/a><\/strong><\/section>\n

            6. <\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n

            \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5173\u8054\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5448\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u5f15\u7528\u81f3 https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-00731-x \u5bfc\u8bed \u7269\u8d28\u4e3a\u4f55\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u539f\u5b50\u4e3a\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f\u6ce1\u5229\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u81ea1925\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4ece\u5143\u7d20\u5468…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57207"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57207"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57207\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57207"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=57207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}