{"id":58787,"date":"2025-04-22T23:21:36","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T15:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=58787"},"modified":"2025-04-22T23:21:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T15:21:36","slug":"%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e6%96%b9%e5%90%91%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=58787","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\uff08Social Network Analysis, SNA\uff09\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4eba\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08interpersonal social networks\uff09\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ca\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff08structural holes and brokerage\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff08the nature of ties\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5c06\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u7eb3\u5165\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u91c7\u7528\u4ed6\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff08alter-centric perspective\uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u81ea\u6211\uff08ego\uff09\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\uff08alter\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u8d85\u8d8a\u4ee5\u5f80\u5bf9\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\uff08triad\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ed6\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u62d3\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\uff08negtive ties)\u3001\u591a\u91cd\/\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u5173\u7cfb\uff08multiplex\/dissonant ties\uff09\u53ca\u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb\uff08dormant ties\uff09\uff1b\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\uff08redundant ties\uff09\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\uff0c\u6865\u63a5\u8005\uff0c\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/span>Daniel J.Brass<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u674e\u53f6\u53f6<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u5468\u8389<\/span><\/p>\n
 <\/span><\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n

\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aNew Developments in Social Network Analysis <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-012420-090628<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/section>\n
1. \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. \u65e7\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4ed6\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      4. \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        5. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        \u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u81ea\u970d\u6851\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd1100\u5e74<\/span>\uff08Roethlisberger & Dixon, 1939\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c06\u94f6\u884c\u63a5\u7ebf\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed8\u5236\u6210\u7535\u8def\u56fe\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u8bfa<\/span>\uff08Jacob Moreno\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u54c8\u5fb7\u900a\u8c37\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u6027<\/span>\uff08Moreno, 1934\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08the strength of weak ties\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u65e9\u57281973\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u7a33\u5b9a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u5982UCINet\uff0cBorgatti\u7b49\uff0c2002\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0aBurt<\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53caColeman<\/span>\uff081990\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08social capital\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4ece 1995 \u5e74\u5230 2010 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u91cf\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c<\/span> (Brass et al. 2004)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u8d70\u5411\u4f55\u65b9\uff1f\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u2018\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u2019\u6216\u2018\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2019\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u9650\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u8bfb\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u4eba\u9645\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08interpersonal networks\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6682\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08interorganizational networks\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u672a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6db5\u76d6\u8fc7\u53bb15\u5e74\u95f4\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\uff1b\u5df2\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406<\/span>\uff08Brass\uff0c2012\uff1bBrass & Borgatti\uff0c2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSoltis \u7b49<\/span>\uff082018 \uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86 <\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08social resource management\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u987e\u548c\u6574\u5408\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9886\u5bfc\u529b (Cullen-Lester et al., 2017)<\/span>\u3001\u56e2\u961f (Grosser et al., 2020)<\/span>\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u516c\u6c11\u884c\u4e3a<\/span> (Brass, 2018) <\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u521b\u9020\u529b<\/span> (Perry-Smith & Mannucci, 2017; Soda et al., 2021)<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u6b64\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6211\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a\u60c5\u611f\uff08\u5982\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7b49\u6001\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u53d6\u5411\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u9690\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u59cb\u7ec8\u5360\u636e\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6700\u5177\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\uff08network structure\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u878d\u5408\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a<\/span>\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span><\/strong>\uff08triad\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u592a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/h1>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        1. \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4<\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08social actors\uff09\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u6216\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u65b9\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u76f8\u4e92\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6d41\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff09\uff08Borgatti\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08multiplexity\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u6587\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08Borgatti\u548cHalgin\uff0c2011b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u53e0\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f51\u7edc\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4ea4\u6d41\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8054\u7cfb\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6211<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08ego\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u4ed6\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08alters\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5d4c\u5165<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08embedded\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u201c\u5d4c\u5165\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u5728Granovetter<\/span>\uff081985\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6279\u5224\u540e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u3002Granovetter\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u91cd\u590d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u60ef\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08inertial quality\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u5916\u62d3\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Kilduff & Brass\uff0c2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08dyadic connections\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u5e26\u56de\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u521d\u7531Kilduff & Krackhardt (1994\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u662f\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>\uff08Kilduff & Lee\uff0c2020\uff1bTasselli\u7b49\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8054\u76df\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u89c2\u5bdf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u970d\u6851\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u63a5\u7ebf\u5458\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8bbf\u8c08\u6216\u8c03\u67e5\u95ee\u5377\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u59d3\u540d\u751f\u6210<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08name-generator\uff09<\/span>\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46Freeman\u7b49<\/span>\uff081987\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u65e5\u5e38\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f25\u8865\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u8ba4\u77e5\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5373\u884c\u4e3a\u8005-\u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span><\/span>\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08adjacency matrix\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6570\u503c\u6570\u636e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u8005A\u6d41\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\u8005B\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u8005A\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005B\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u6216\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u884c\u4e3a\u8005A\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u8005B\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTravers & Milgram<\/span>\uff081969\uff09<\/span>\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u8054\u7cfb\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff08six degrees of separation\uff09\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08small-world\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Watts\uff0c2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u72ec\u7acb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\uff09<\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u2014\u2014\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u5851\u9020\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08Tasselli & Kilduff\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u81ea\u613f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5f71\u54cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec<\/span><\/span>\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08spatial and temporal proximity\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u5d4c\u5165\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08embeddedness\uff0cKilduff & Brass\uff0c2010\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u4e92\u60e0\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08reciprocation\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u540c\u8d28\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08homophily\uff0c\u4e0e\u76f8\u4f3c\u8005\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u5e73\u8861\/\u4f20\u9012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6027<\/span>\uff08balance\/transitivity\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u7126\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08social foci\uff0cFeld\uff0c1981\uff09<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08personality, Tasselli et al.\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7531\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08Brass\uff0c2012\uff1bDahlander & McFarland\uff0c2013\uff1bKleinbaum\uff0c2012\uff1bRivera et al.\uff0c2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u63a7<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08self-monitoring\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u76d1\u6d4b\u5e76\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08Kilduff & Buengerler\uff0c2020\uff1bMehra et al.\uff0c2001\uff1bOh & Kilduff\uff0c2008\uff1bSasovova et al.\uff0c2010\uff1bTasselli & Kilduff\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e14\u67d0\u4e9b\u524d\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u8005\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Brass\uff0c2012 \u6216 Kilduff & Tsai\uff0c2003\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08structural measures\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u6307\u6807\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u70b9\u6d4b\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08point measures\uff09 <\/span>\u548c <\/span><\/span>\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08whole network measures\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u523b\u753b\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u70b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08point centrality\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8861\u91cf\uff1a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08degree centrality\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\uff1b\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08closeness centrality\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u77ed\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08betweenness centrality\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Borgatti & Brass\uff0c2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Brass\uff0c1984\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Density\uff09<\/span> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u603b\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Small-world network\uff09<\/span>\u6216<\/span><\/span>\u56e2\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Clique structure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d27\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u96c6\u7fa4\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u91cf\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Bridging ties\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6838\u5fc3-\u8fb9\u7f18\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08Core-periphery structure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u6838\u5fc3\u7531\u5c11\u6570\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u7f18\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Maoret et al.\uff0c2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u4e30\u5bcc\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e<\/span>\uff08Structural holes\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Ego-network measures\uff09<\/span>\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u7126\u70b9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e0e\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u70b9\u6d4b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Ego-network density\uff09\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u70b9\u6d4b\u5ea6\u90fd\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u6587\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7126\u70b9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6784\u5efa<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u89c1 Perry et al.\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBurt<\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u7ea6\u675f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Constraint\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u81ea\u6211\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff08Cliques\uff09\u3001n-\u56e2\u4f53\uff08n-cliques\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>k-plexes<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\uff08Structural equivalence\uff09\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08Brass\uff0c2012\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90e8\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u5173\u6ce8\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u6355\u6349\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u800c\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Strength of Weak Ties\uff0cGranovetter\uff0c1973\uff09<\/span>\uff0cGranovetter \u6839\u636e\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e92\u60e0\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08strong ties\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08weak ties\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u6c42\u804c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u77e9\u9635\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u5982 1-7 \u7ea7\u674e\u514b\u7279\u91cf\u8868\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u5b58\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/span>\u5916\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Lin<\/span> (1999) <\/span><\/span>\u8fd8\u63d0<\/span><\/span>\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u6743\u529b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u6709<\/span><\/span>\u4f18\u52bf<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>Brass 1984<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>Sparrowe & Liden 2005<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8005\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Seibert \u7b49<\/span> (2001) <\/span><\/span>\u53d1<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u804c\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e<\/span>\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u652f\u6301<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u533a\u5206<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08perceived networks\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u201cactual\u201d networks\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><\/span>Krackhardt<\/span> (1987) <\/span><\/span>\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u8ba4\u77e5\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08cognitive social structure\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5fc3\u7406\u6620\u5c04<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08mental maps of networks)<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Krackhardt & Porter <\/span>(1985) <\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868<\/span><\/span>\u660e\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u79bb\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u7559\u4efb\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u6bd4\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/span>\u7559\u4efb\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08stayers\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6ee1\u610f<\/span><\/span>\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Kilduff & Krackhardt<\/span> (1994) <\/span><\/span>\u53d1<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\uff0c\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5c42\u4ed6\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u8ba4\u540c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u66f4\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u53d7\u4f17\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u77e5\u7ee9\u6548<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08perceived performance\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u5ba2\u89c2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981<\/span> [\u59822019 \u5e74\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75c5 (COVID-19) \u7684\u4f20\u64ad]<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u611f\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u7ee9\u6548\u7b49\u4e3b\u89c2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6e20\u9053<\/span>\uff08pipes\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u68f1\u955c<\/span>\uff08prisms\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>Podolny\uff0c2001<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u8ba4\u77e5\u8868\u5f81<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08cognitive representations\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003<\/span><\/span>Brands (2013)<\/span><\/span> \u7684\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span><\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u5173\u5fc3\u7406\u6620\u5c04\u5728\u56e2\u961f\u7ee9\u6548\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003<\/span><\/span>Cannon-Bowers \u7b49 <\/span>(1993)<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        Smith \u7b49<\/span>\uff082012\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06<\/span><\/span>\u6f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08potential network\uff09<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span><\/span>\u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08dormant ties\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08inactive ties\uff09\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/span>\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7f51\u7edc\uff08activated network\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7f51\u7edc\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u60f3\u8d77\u6216\u56e0\u7279\u5b9a\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c5e\u6027\u3002Borgatti & Cross<\/span>\uff082003\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08awareness\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5411<\/span><\/span>\u52a8\u5458\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08mobilized network\uff09\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u52a8\u5458\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u771f\u6b63\u52a8\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08Borgatti & Cross\uff0c2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u52a8\u5458\u54ea\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u672a\u88ab\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff08Brennecke 2020\u3001 Casciaro & Lobo 2008\u3001 Nebus 2006\u3001 Walter \u7b49\u4eba 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\u539f\u5219\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u67d0\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5411\u540c\u4e8b\u63a8\u9500\u5973\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b<\/span>\uff08Girl Scout\uff09<\/span>\u997c\u5e72\u3002\u632a\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5411\u670b\u53cb\u501f\u94b1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ee5\u7528\u53cb\u8c0a\u5e76\u5371\u53ca\u539f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728Smith\u7b49<\/span>\uff082012\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u4ed6\u8005<\/span>\uff08mobilized alters\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed6\u8005\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u52a8\u5458\u6216\u6fc0\u6d3b\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u3002Mannuc<\/span><\/span>ci<\/span> <\/span><\/span>& Perry-Smith<\/span> (2021)<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u62e5<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08strong ties\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08weak ties\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u5207\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u521b\u9020\u529b\u201c\u65c5\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u521b\u610f\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u521b\u610f\u6df1\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u653e\u5f03\u521b\u610f\u6216\u8ffd\u6c42\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5206\u6790\u3002Parkinson \u7b49<\/span>\uff082018\uff09<\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08fMRI\uff09<\/span>\u626b\u63cf\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u65f6\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u751f\u7406\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4ee5\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u878d\u5165\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u5e94\u5f53\u5173\u6ce8\u54ea\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5c06\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u5173\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u9891\u7387\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u6863\u6848\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u8bbf\u8c08\u65b9\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u6536\u96c6\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Burt\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6536\u96c6\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cBrass<\/span>\uff081984\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u4e0e\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u664b\u5347\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u68f1\u955c\u201d\u800c\u975e\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c<\/span>\uff08social capital\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08social influence\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u63a2\u8ba8\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u6743\u529b\u3001\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u6210<\/span><\/span>\u529f\uff1f<\/span><\/span>Burt  <\/span>(1992) <\/span><\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4eba<\/span><\/span>\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08structural holes\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u3002Burt\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Coleman  <\/span><\/span>(1990) <\/span><\/span>\u6709<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08densely connected networks\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4fc3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3a\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e3a\u4f55\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u5c1a\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span>\u4f20\u67d3\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08contagion) <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6269\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f20\u67d3\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u751f\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a5\u89e6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u6216\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cColeman \u7b49<\/span>\uff081957\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u65b0\u836f\u5728\u533b\u751f\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800cIyengar \u7b49<\/span>\uff082011\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6548\u5e94\u3002Centola <\/span>\uff082010\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6d89\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08complex contagion\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5982\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u8ffd\u8e2a COVID-19 \u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u51c6\u5219\u6216\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u8bc6\u522b<\/span><\/span>\u610f\u89c1\u9886\u8896<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08opinion leaders\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u4f30\u7b97\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u5c31\u50cf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6d41\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08flow model\uff09\uff08Borgatti & Halgin, 2011b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span>\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u901a\u8fc7\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u901a\u8fc7\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6bd4\u8fb9\u7f18\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u6216\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u63a5\u6536\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cBurt <\/span><\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>Coleman<\/span>\uff081990\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u90fd<\/span><\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff1aColeman \u5c06\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c Burt \u5219\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa<\/span>\uff08Borgatti\u7b49\uff0c2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u7840\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u51e0\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0<\/span> (Borgatti et al. 2009, Brass et al. 2004, Burt et al. 2013, Kilduff & Tsai 2003)<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53c2\u9605Kilduff \u548c Brass<\/span> (2010) <\/span>\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u9605 Borgatti \u548c Halgin <\/span>(2011b) <\/span>\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u9605Borgatti \u7b49<\/span> (2014) <\/span>\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6df7\u6dc6\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u82e5\u9700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Borgatti \u7b49<\/span> (2018)<\/span>\uff1b\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Perry \u7b49<\/span> (2018)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        2. \u65e7\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u4f17\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7eb5\u5411\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08longitudinal networks\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08multilevel networks\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u590d\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0e\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u81eaNewcomb<\/span>\uff081961\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u8fde\u7eed15\u5468\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7eb5\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u624d\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\uff08Battilana & Casciaro\uff0c2012\uff0c2013\uff1bBurt\uff0c2002\uff1bBurt & Merluzzi\uff0c2016\uff1bKleinbaum\uff0c2018\uff1bSasovova\u7b49\uff0c2010\uff1bSoda\u7b49\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Harris\uff0c2014\uff1bSnijders & Koskinen\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7eb5\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5, \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6216\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08Barley 1990\u3001Burkhardt & Brass 1990\uff09<\/span>\u4ecd\u7136\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 COVID-19 \u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Yang et al. 2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u89c6\u89d2<\/span>\uff08coevolutionary perspective\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316 <\/span>(Lazer 2001, Tr\u00f6ster et al. 2019)<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08network centrality\uff09<\/span>\u5e26\u6765\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u589e\u5f3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08Brass & Burkhardt 1993\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u516b\u5366\uff0c\u516b\u5366\u53c8\u52a0\u5f3a\u670b\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb <\/span>(Ellwardt et al. 2012)<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u5c1a\u672a\u5728\u7eb5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22<\/span> (Kwon et al. 2020)<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u65f6\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5df2\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u76ca\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6269\u6563\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u5165\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08dormant ties\uff09<\/span>\u540e\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08multilevel networks\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u5177\u6709\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08Brass\u7b49\uff0c2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span> (Burt 1992)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u591a\u7bc7\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u70b9\u5ea6\u91cf\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u5ea6\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840<\/span> (Brass & Borgatti 2018, Moliterno & Mahony 2011, Paruchuri et al. 2018)<\/span>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba-\u56e2\u4f53-\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u6d3e\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21<\/span>\uff08Brass & Borgatti 2018\u3001Contractor \u4eba 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8de8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5c11 <\/span>(Bizzi 2013, Cummings & Cross 2003, Maoret et al. 2020, McFadyen et al. 2009, Paruchuri 2010, Sasidharan et al. 2012)<\/span>\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u65e7\u201d\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46Contractor \u7b49<\/span> (2006) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u52a8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u7ed3\u5408\u4eba\u9645\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08interpersonal networks\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\/\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08intergroup\/interorganizational networks\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u57fa\u4e8eBreiger<\/span>\uff081974\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08duality of persons and groups\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u96b6\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u9645\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u548c\u7ee9\u6548\uff1a\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7fa4\u4f53\/\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u5c0f\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u9752\u86d9\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7fa4\u4f53\/\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u6c60\u5858\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u9752\u86d9\uff09<\/span>\u3002Lazega & Snijders<\/span> (2015) <\/span>\u548cLazega<\/span> (2020) <\/span>\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/h1>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        3. \u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fc7\u53bb 15 \u5e74\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u3002Simmel<\/span>\uff081950\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u672f\u8bed<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>tertius gaudens<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span>\uff08\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u201d\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Granovetter<\/span>\uff081973\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5708\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5c06\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u6216<\/span><\/span>\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08open triads\uff09<\/span>\u3002Freeman<\/span>\uff081979\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08betweenness centrality\uff09\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u3002Brass<\/span>\uff081984\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5b9e\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u664b\u5347\u673a\u4f1a\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230Burt<\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u300b<\/span><\/span><\/em>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002Burt \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u626e\u6f14\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Burt\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u4e0eColeman<\/span>\uff081990\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1aBurt<\/span>\uff081992\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 Coleman \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bc6\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u5728Burt\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\uff0cReagans \u7b49<\/span>\uff082004\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u5e7f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08external range\uff0c\u5373\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6307\u6807\uff09<\/span>\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u51dd\u805a\u529b<\/span>\uff08internal cohesion\uff0c\u5373\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u7ee9\u6548\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f18\u3002<\/span><\/span>Uzzi <\/span><\/span>(1997) <\/span><\/span>\u5219<\/span><\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8<\/span><\/span>\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u82e5\u5373\u82e5\u79bb\u201d<\/span>\uff08arms-length\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u3002Burt\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u7ea6\u675f\u6307\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u672a\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u652f\u6301\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5bf9\u7ee9\u6548\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Kwon \u7b49\uff0c2020\uff1bBurt \u7b49\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        Kwon\u7b49<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u8d85\u8fc7170\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u5bf9\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u56de\u62a5\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u2014\u7ed3\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4fe1\u4efb<\/span>\uff08Levin\u7b49\uff0c2016\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08Burt & Merluzzi\uff0c2014\uff1bLandis\u7b49\uff0c2018\uff1bRider\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u6027\u522b<\/span>\uff08Brands & Kilduff\uff0c2014\uff1bBrands & Mehra\uff0c2019\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u8ba4\u77e5\u98ce\u683c<\/span>\uff08Carnabuci & Di\u00f3szegi\uff0c2015\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u6587\u5316<\/span>\uff08Bian\uff0c1997\uff1bBurt & Burzynska\uff0c2017\uff1bBurt\u7b49\uff0c2000\uff1bXiao & Tsui\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5df2\u4ece\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u5bf9\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u5411\u7ec6\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u2014\u7ed3\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8d8b\u52bf\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fc8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u66f4\u80fd\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08brokerage behavior\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u5206\u3002Obstfeld<\/span> (2005) <\/span>\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08tertius iungens<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u52a0\u5165<\/span>\uff08\u4ed6\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u79bb\u95f4\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\uff08tertius gaudens\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76f8<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\uff0c\u6307\u5206\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u3002Burt<\/span> (2004) <\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0e\u201c\u597d\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c Obstfeld \u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u7d27\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u521b\u65b0\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002Quintane & Carnabuci<\/span> (2016) <\/span>\u5c06tertius iungens\u548ctertius gaudens\u53d6\u5411\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u975e\u5d4c\u5165\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span>\uff08unembedded brokerage\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u578b\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span>\uff08embedded brokerage\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u3002Soda\u7b49<\/span> (2018) <\/span>\u5c06\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5957\u5229\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08arbitrage brokerage\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6765\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>collaborating brokerage\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u8054\u5408\u3001\u62db\u52df\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ed6\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u53d6\u5411\u5177\u6709\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0e\u5957\u5229\u53d6\u5411\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u53d6\u5411\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0e\u7ee9\u6548\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Grosser\u7b49<\/span>\uff082019\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u79bb\u95f4\u4eba\/\u5957\u5229\u53d6\u5411\u5206\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u8c03\u89e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08mediation\uff09<\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u79bb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08separation\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u5206\u79bb\u201d <\/span>(keep them separated)<\/span> \u548c\u201c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8054\u5408\u201d<\/span> (bring them together) <\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7814\u7a76\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0cHalevy\u7b49<\/span>\uff082019\uff09<\/span>\u548cObstfeld\u7b49<\/span>\uff082014\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u5c01\u95ed\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08closed triad\uff09<\/span>\u5185\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c01\u95ed\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e0a\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\/\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762 <\/span>(Kwon et al. 2020)<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u6216\u4ed6\u8005\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u60c5\u611f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u6216\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u800c\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u800c\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u6216\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8ba4\u77e5\u51c6\u786e\u6027 <\/span>(Brands 2013, Kilduff et al. 2008, Krackhardt 1990, Krackhardt & Kilduff 1999)<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6211\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5957\u5229\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5f53\u5728\u4e00\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fde\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u89e3\u9664\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span> (Halevy et al. 2019, Kwon et al. 2020, Stovel & Shaw 2012) <\/span>\u547c\u5401\u91c7\u53d6<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u7ee9\u6548\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u964d\u4f4e\u641c\u7d22\u6210\u672c\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u6536\u76ca <\/span>(Brass 2009, Galunic et al. 2012)<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cKleinbaum\u7b49<\/span>\uff082015\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u5408\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Brands et al. 2021 \u4ea6\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cBuskens & van de Rijt<\/span>\uff082008\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7eb3\u5165\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u547c\u5401\u91c7\u7528\u4ed6\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u5168\u9762\u8003\u5bdf\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e0a\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f46\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u6301\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u672a\u66fe\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u52a8\u5458\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Granovetter\uff0c1973\uff1bKwon\u7b49\uff0c2020\uff1bStovel & Shaw\uff0c2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u82e5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08Brass\u7b49\uff0c1998\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6e90\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/span>\uff08Hahl\u7b49\uff0c2016\uff1bKrackhardt\uff0c1999\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56de\u987e\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6269\u6563\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u539f\u672c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u9053\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u533a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4f69\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u4f20\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFernandez \u548c Gould<\/span>\uff081994\uff09<\/span>\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>\u534f\u8c03\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08coordinator\uff09\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08gatekeeper\uff09\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u6d41\u52a8\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08itinerant\uff09\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u8054\u7edc\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08liaison\uff09\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u4ee3\u8868<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08representative\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u7528\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5957\u5229\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u591a\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u9610\u660e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u540c\u6837\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\uff0cKrackhardt<\/span>\uff081999\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08Simmelian brokerage\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u81ea\u6211\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08Tasselli & Kilduff\uff0c2018 \u4ea6\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5f97\u5229\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08the third who benefits\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u62c9\u626f\uff0c\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u5404\u81ea\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662fBurt<\/span>\uff082007\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u6790\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u5c40\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08local neighborhood\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08ego-network\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5458\u5de5\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4ed6\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u89d2\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u4e09\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8003\u8651\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u3002\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u6362\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u4ed6\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u8be5\u4ed6\u8005\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u53e3\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u5411\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08Wagner \u7b49\uff0c1984\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u9274\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u66f4\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6210\u6548<\/span>\uff08Brass & Burkhardt\uff0c1993\uff1bBrass & Krackhardt\uff0c2012\uff1bGrosser \u7b49\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c06\u4e2d\u4ecb\u884c\u4e3a\u89c6\u4e3a\u8c08\u5224\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u521d\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf<\/span>\uff08Burt et al.\uff0c2013\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u201c\u51b2\u51fb\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ee5\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08Soda \u7b49\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6210\u529f\u5229\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u4e0e\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u6280\u80fd\u201d<\/span>\uff08Burt \u7b49\uff0c2013\uff0c\u7b2c536\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u6211<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4ed6\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\uff1f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u52a8\u673a\u53c8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece\u81ea\u6211\u4f18\u52bf\u8f6c\u5411\u76f8\u5bf9\u6216\u4e92\u60e0\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u6743\u529b\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u6216\u4e92\u60e0\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e2a\u6027\u6216\u53d6\u5411<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u95f4\u4eba\uff08tertius gaudens\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u53d6\u5411\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4f4d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u6700\u591a\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\uff1b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u8fd8\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/h1>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        4. \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002Casciaro<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u9690\u542b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u5206\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6211\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4dGranovetter<\/span> (1973) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u88ab\u7ecf\u5e38\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88abLin<\/span>\uff081999\uff09<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u5e26\u8bae\u9898\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cVedres\uff082017\uff09 \u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e2d\u7684\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/span>\u3002Burt <\/span>(1992) <\/span>\u5c06\u56e0\u679c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f31\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u6240\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1Hansen<\/span> (1999) <\/span>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u524a\u5f31<\/span>\uff08Hasan\uff0c2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u60c5\u611f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u4eb2\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u800c\u88ab\u76f8\u5bf9\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u9690\u6027\u3001\u975e\u7f16\u7801\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u9012<\/span>\uff08Hansen 1999\uff1bTortoriello et al. 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u9769<\/span>\uff08Battilana & Casciaro 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a8\u8350<\/span>\uff08Bian 1997\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u521b\u9020<\/span>\uff08McFadyen et al. 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002Perry -Smith \u548c Mannucci<\/span>\uff082017\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u3002Aral\u548c Van Alstyne<\/span>\uff082011\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u201c\u5e26\u5bbd\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u4e92\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002Baker<\/span> (2019) <\/span>\u548cCross & Parker<\/span> (2004) <\/span>\u5c06\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u8d4b\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08energizing ties\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u589e\u5f3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u60c5\u611f\u80fd\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/span>\u8d4b\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08energizing networks\uff09<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62b5\u6d88\u6d88\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u63d0\u5347<\/span>\uff08Baker 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d4b\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u9891\u7387\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u610f\u56fe\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u6216\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u62a5\u544a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005A\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u8005B\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u4e3a\u8005B\u5e76\u672a\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005A\uff09<\/span>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u5173\u7cfb\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8c03\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Byron & Landis 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002Krackhardt<\/span> (1994)<\/span> \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u4ece\u5f31\u5230\u5f3a\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d7\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e92\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e92\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u53c8\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u60c5\u611f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6b63\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u611f\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u8d1f\u9762\uff0c\u4e92\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46Labianca & Brass<\/span> (2006) <\/span>\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u8d26\u672c\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08social ledger theory\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6301\u4e45\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u8d1f\u9762\u4eba\u7269\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08a negative person schema\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>Labianca & Brass 2006\uff0c\u7b2c 597 \u9875\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u5ea6\/\u5f3a\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\/\u89c9\u5bdf\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6210\u5206<\/span>\uff08Yang \u7b49\uff0c2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d26\u672c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002Labianca & Brass<\/span> (2006) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6d88\u6781\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0<\/span>\uff08negative asymmetry\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1f\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7a00\u6709\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d26\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u5f53\u5458\u5de5\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u804c\u573a\u793e\u4ea4\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5219\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981 <\/span>(Venkataramani et al. 2013)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8fc5\u901f\u5bfb\u6c42\u5207\u65ad\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u6301\u7eed\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u65b0\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u5916\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cHalgin \u7b49<\/span> (2020) <\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u4ed6\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u58f0\u8a89\u4e0a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d26\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u5b9e\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u6709\u5173\u804c\u573a\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Yang \u7b49<\/span> (2020) <\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08multiplex relationships\uff09<\/span>\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u8f83\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6807<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6216<\/span><\/span>\u6291\u5236\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Brass \u7b49\uff0c1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e24\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u540c\u4e8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5c06\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u522b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e5f\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u670b\u53cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u65f6\uff0cMethot \u7b49<\/span>\uff082016\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u201c\u53cc\u5203\u5251\u201d\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u60c5\u611f\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7ee9\u6548<\/span>\uff08Methot et al.\uff0c2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0cBrennecke<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8d26\u672c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08dissonant ties\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0cMethot & Rosado-Solomon<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u77db\u76fe\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08ambivalent ties\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCasciaro & Lobo<\/span>\uff082005\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u201c\u6df7\u86cb\u201d<\/span>\uff08component jerk\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u4f46\u8ba9\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u201c\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u50bb\u74dc\u201d<\/span>\uff08lovable fool\uff0c\u8ba8\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u4f46\u80fd\u529b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u5e2e\u52a9\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u9009\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u65e2\u8ba8\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u53c8\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46Brennecke<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5411\u96be\u4ee5\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u7531\u5bb6\u65cf\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408<\/span>\uff08Borgatti et al.\uff0c2009\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4f46\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u6d3b\u8dc3<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u88ab\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u63d0\u793a<\/span> (Levin et al. 2011, Walter et al. 2015)<\/span>\u3002\u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6682\u505c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u3002\u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u7b26\u5408Smith \u7b49<\/span>\uff082012\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08potential ties\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4ece\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u53cc\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u8bb0\u5f97\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u65ad\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8870\u9000\u901f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002Burt <\/span>\uff082002\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u76f8\u8fde\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u8870\u9000\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800cKrackhardt<\/span>\uff081999\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>Simmelian \u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08Simmelian ties\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u60e0\u8054\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8870\u9000\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4e00\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e2e\u52a9\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002Facebook \u548c Zoom \u7b49\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u8282\u65e5\u95ee\u5019\u201d\u6216\u751f\u65e5\u8d3a\u5361\uff0c\u8ba9\u5730\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7ef4\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u65b0\u670b\u53cb<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u540c\u4e8b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n


        <\/span><\/h2>\n

        \u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08redundant ties\uff09<\/span>\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5185\u90e8\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95ed\u5408\u548c\u5bc6\u96c6\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08Coleman\uff0c1990\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c01\u95ed\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u5236\u88c1\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><\/span>\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff08broad bandwidth ties\uff09<\/span>\u4f18\u52bf\u7684 Aral & Van Alstyne<\/span>\uff082011\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u529f\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u9762\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf<\/span>\uff08Hansen\uff0c1999\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08embedded ties\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u677e\u6563\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08arm\u2019s length ties\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08Uzzi\uff0c1997\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u5e7f\u5ea6\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6548\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Reagans \u7b49\uff0c2004\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u5c01\u95ed\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u534f\u8c03\u4f18\u52bf<\/span>\uff08Obstfeld\uff0c2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6269\u6563\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u5bf9\u6297\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5426\u5b9a\u4ece\u4ed6\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8868\u660e\u201c\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u5bf9\u6297\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u548c\u201d\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u8d44\u6e90\u201c\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u4e1a\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6765\u6e90<\/span>\uff08\u5197\u4f59\u6765\u6e90\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u6709\u65b0\u95fb\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u6765\u6e90\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u901a\u8fc7\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cTer Wal \u7b49<\/span>\uff082020\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53cc\u91cd\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\uff08dual networking\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5185\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u7ee9\u6548\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u95ee\u5377\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u5197\u4f59\uff09<\/span>\u9898\u9879\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684Asch <\/span>(1951) <\/span>\u4ece\u4f17\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002Asch \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u4ece\u4f17\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0cCentola <\/span>(2010)<\/span> \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u6216\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ece\u4f17\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0eColeman<\/span> (1990) <\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u5c01\u95ed\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u89c4\u8303\u65b9\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ef7\u503c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u5f00<\/span>\uff08Aral & Van Alstyne 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/h1>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        5. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u4e0b\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8d85\u8d8a\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4ece\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ed6\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5c06\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u89d2\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8d1f\u5411\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u3001\u4f11\u7720\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n


        <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          Aral S, Van Alstyne M. <\/span><\/span>2011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The diversity-bandwidth trade-off. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 117:90\u2013171<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          Asch SE <\/span><\/span>1951<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgements. <\/span><\/span>Groups, Leadership, and Men<\/span><\/span><\/em> H Guetzkow 171\u201390 Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        3. \n

          Baker W. <\/span><\/span>2019<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Emotional energy, relational energy, and organizational energy: toward a multilevel model. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 6:373\u201395<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        4. \n

          Barley SR. <\/span><\/span>1990<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The alignment of technology and structure through roles and networks. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 35:61\u2013103<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        5. \n

          Battilana J, Casciaro T. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Change agents, networks, and institutions: a contingency theory of organizational change. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 55:381\u201398<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        6. \n

          Battilana J, Casciaro T. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Overcoming resistance to organizational change: strong ties and affective cooptation. <\/span><\/span>Manag. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 59:4819\u201336<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        7. \n

          Bian Y. <\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Bringing strong ties back in: indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China. <\/span><\/span>Am. Sociol. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 62:366\u201385<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        8. \n

          Bizzi L. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The dark side of structural holes: a multilevel investigation. <\/span><\/span>J. Manag.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 39:1554\u201378<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        9. \n

          Borgatti SP, Brass DJ <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Centrality: concepts and measures. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 9\u201322 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        10. \n

          Borgatti SP, Brass DJ, Halgin DS <\/span><\/span>2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social network research: confusions, criticisms, and controversies. <\/span><\/span>Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 40: Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, G Labianca, A Mehra, DS Halgin, SP Borgatti 1\u201333 New York: Emerald Group Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        11. \n

          Borgatti SP, Cross R. <\/span><\/span>2003<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. <\/span><\/span>Manag. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 49:432\u201345<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        12. \n

          Borgatti SP, Everett MG, Freeman LC <\/span><\/span>2002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>UCINET 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/em> Harvard, MA: Analytic Technol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        13. \n

          Borgatti SP, Everett MG, Johnson JC. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Analyzing Social Networks<\/span><\/span><\/em> Los Angeles: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        14. \n

          Borgatti SP, Halgin DS <\/span><\/span>2011a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Analyzing affiliation networks. <\/span><\/span>The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/em> J Scott, PJ Harrington 417\u201333 London: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        15. \n

          Borgatti SP, Halgin DS. <\/span><\/span>2011b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. On network theory. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 22:168\u201381<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        16. \n

          Borgatti SP, Mehra A, Brass DJ, Labianca G. <\/span><\/span>2009<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network analysis in the social sciences. <\/span><\/span>Science<\/span><\/span><\/em> 323:5916892\u201395<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        17. \n

          Brands RA. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Cognitive social structures in social network research: a review. <\/span><\/span>J. Organ. Behav.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 34:S182\u2013103<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        18. \n

          Brands RA, Brady G, Shah N, Mehra A. <\/span><\/span>2021<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Alter-centric uncertainty and the willingness to accept referrals from would-be brokers<\/span><\/span><\/em> Work. Pap., London Bus. Sch London:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        19. \n

          Brands RA, Kilduff M. <\/span><\/span>2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Just like a woman? Effects of gender-biased perceptions of friendship network brokerage on attributions and performance. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 25:1530\u201348<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        20. \n

          Brands RA, Mehra A. <\/span><\/span>2019<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Gender, brokerage, and performance: a construal approach. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 62:196\u2013219<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        21. \n

          Brass DJ. <\/span><\/span>1984<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Being in the right place: a structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 29:518\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        22. \n

          Brass DJ <\/span><\/span>2009<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Connecting to brokers: strategies for acquiring social capital. <\/span><\/span>Social Capital: Reaching Out, Reaching In<\/span><\/span><\/em> VO Bartkus, JH Davis 260\u201374 Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        23. \n

          Brass DJ <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A social network perspective on organizational psychology. <\/span><\/span>The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Psychology<\/span><\/span><\/em> SWJ Kozlowski 667\u201395 New York: Oxford Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        24. \n

          Brass DJ <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A social network perspective on organizational citizenship behavior. <\/span><\/span>The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behavior<\/span><\/span><\/em> PM Podsakoff, SB MacKenzie, NP Podsakoff 317\u201330 New York: Oxford Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        25. \n

          Brass DJ, Borgatti SP <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Multilevel thoughts on social networks. <\/span><\/span>The Handbook for Multilevel Theory, Measurement, and Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/em> JM LeBurton, S Humphrey 187\u2013200 Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        26. \n

          Brass DJ, Borgatti SP <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        27. \n

          Brass DJ, Burkhardt ME. <\/span><\/span>1993<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Potential power and power use: an investigation of structure and behavior. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 36:441\u201370<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        28. \n

          Brass DJ, Butterfield KD, Skaggs BC. <\/span><\/span>1998<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Relationships and unethical behavior: a social network perspective. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 23:114\u201331<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        29. \n

          Brass DJ, Galaskiewicz J, Greve HR, Tsai W <\/span><\/span>2004<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Taking stock of networks and organizations: a multilevel perspective. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 47:<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/em>795\u2013819<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        30. \n

          Brass DJ, Krackhardt D <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Power, politics, and social networks in organizations. <\/span><\/span>Politics in Organizations: Theory and Research Considerations<\/span><\/span><\/em> GR Ferris, DC Treadway 355\u201375 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        31. \n

          Breiger RL. <\/span><\/span>1974<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The duality of persons and groups. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Forces.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 53:181\u201390<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        32. \n

          Brennecke J. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dissonant ties in intraorganizational networks: why individuals seek problem-solving assistance from difficult colleagues. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 63:743\u201378<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        33. \n

          Burkhardt ME, Brass DJ. <\/span><\/span>1990<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Changing patterns or patterns of change: the effects of a change in technology on social network structure and power. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 35:104\u201327<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        34. \n

          Burt RS. <\/span><\/span>1992<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition<\/span><\/span><\/em> Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        35. \n

          Burt RS. <\/span><\/span>2002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Bridge decay. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw<\/span><\/span><\/em> 24:4333\u201363<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        36. \n

          Burt RS. <\/span><\/span>2004<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Structural holes and good ideas. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 110:2349\u201399<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        37. \n

          Burt RS. <\/span><\/span>2007<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Second-hand brokerage: evidence on the importance of local structure on managers, bankers, and analysts. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 50:110\u201345<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        38. \n

          Burt RS, Burzynska K. <\/span><\/span>2017<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Chinese entrepreneurs, social networks, and <\/span><\/span>guanxi<\/span><\/span><\/em>. <\/span><\/span>Manag. Organ. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 13:2221\u201360<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        39. \n

          Burt RS, Hogarth RM, Michaud C. <\/span><\/span>2000<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The social capital of French and American managers. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 11:123\u201347<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        40. \n

          Burt RS, Kilduff M, Tasselli S. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social network analysis: foundations and frontiers on advantage. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 64:527\u201347<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        41. \n

          Burt RS, Merluzzi J <\/span><\/span>2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Embedded brokerage: hubs versus locals. <\/span><\/span>Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 40: Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, G Labianca, A Mehra, DS Halgin, SP Borgatti 161\u201378 Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        42. \n

          Burt RS, Merluzzi J. <\/span><\/span>2016<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network oscillation. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Discov.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 2:368\u201391<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        43. \n

          Buskens V, van de Rijt A. <\/span><\/span>2008<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dynamics of networks if everyone strives for structural holes. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 114:2371\u2013407<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        44. \n

          Byron K, Landis B <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Relational misperceptions in the workplace: new frontiers and challenges. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 31:1223\u201342<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        45. \n

          Cannon-Bowers JA, Salas E, Converse S <\/span><\/span>1993<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Shared mental models in expert team decision making. <\/span><\/span>Individual and Group Decision Making<\/span><\/span><\/em> NJ Castellan, pp 221\u201346 Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        46. \n

          Carnabuci G, Di\u00f3szegi B. <\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social networks, cognitive style, and innovative performance: a contingency perspective. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 58:881\u2013905<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        47. \n

          Casciaro T. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Networks and affect in the workplace. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 21\u201348 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        48. \n

          Casciaro T, Lobo MS. <\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Competent jerks, lovable fools and the formation of social networks. <\/span><\/span>Harvard. Bus. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 83:92\u201399<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        49. \n

          Casciaro T, Lobo MS. <\/span><\/span>2008<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. When competence is irrelevant: the role of interpersonal affect in task-related ties. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 53:465\u201384<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        50. \n

          Centola D. <\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The spread of behavior in an online social network experiment. <\/span><\/span>Science<\/span><\/span><\/em> 329:1194\u201397<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        51. \n

          Coleman JS. <\/span><\/span>1990<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Foundations of Social Theory<\/span><\/span><\/em> Cambridge, MA: Harvard. Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        52. \n

          Coleman J, Katz E, Menzel H. <\/span><\/span>1957<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The diffusion of innovation among physicians. <\/span><\/span>Sociometry<\/span><\/span><\/em> 20:253\u201370<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        53. \n

          Contractor NS, Wasserman S, Faust K. <\/span><\/span>2006<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Testing multitheoretical, multilevel hypotheses about organizational networks: an analytic framework and empirical results. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 31:681\u2013703<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        54. \n

          Cross R, Parker A. <\/span><\/span>2004<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>The Hidden Power of Social Networks: Understanding How Work Really Gets Done in Organizations<\/span><\/span><\/em> Boston: Harvard. Bus. Sch. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        55. \n

          Cullen-Lester KL, Maupan CK, Carter DR <\/span><\/span>2017<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Incorporating social networks into leadership development: a conceptual model and evaluation of research and practice. <\/span><\/span>Lead. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 28:130\u201352<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        56. \n

          Cummings JN, Cross R. <\/span><\/span>2003<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Structural properties of work groups and their consequences for performance. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 25:197\u2013210<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        57. \n

          Dahlander L, McFarland DA. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Ties that last: tie formation and persistence in research collaborations over time. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 58:69\u2013110<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        58. \n

          Ellwardt L, Steglich C, Wittek R. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The co-evolution of gossip and friendship in workplace social networks. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 34:623\u201333<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        59. \n

          Feld SL. <\/span><\/span>1981<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The focused organization of social ties. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 86:51015\u201335<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        60. \n

          Fernandez RM, Gould RV. <\/span><\/span>1994<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A dilemma of state power: brokerage and influence in the national health policy domain. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 99:1455\u201391<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        61. \n

          Freeman L. <\/span><\/span>1979<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 1:215\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        62. \n

          Freeman L, Romney K, Freeman S <\/span><\/span>1987<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Cognitive structure and informant accuracy. <\/span><\/span>Am. Anthropol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 89:310\u201325<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        63. \n

          Galunic C, Ertug G, Gargiulo M. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The positive externalities of social capital: benefiting from senior brokers. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 55:51213\u201331<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        64. \n

          Granovetter MS. <\/span><\/span>1973<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The strength of weak ties. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 6:1360\u201380<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        65. \n

          Granovetter MS. <\/span><\/span>1985<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Soc.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 91:481510<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        66. \n

          Grosser TJ, Obstfeld D, Choi EW, Woehler M, Lopez-Kidwell V et al. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A sociopolitical perspective on employee innovativeness and job performance: the role of political skill and network structure. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 29:4612\u201332<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        67. \n

          Grosser TJ, Obstfeld D, Labianca G, Borgatti S. <\/span><\/span>2019<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Measuring mediation and separation brokerage orientations: a further step toward studying the social network brokerage process. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Discov.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 5:114\u201336<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        68. \n

          Grosser TJ, Park S, Mathieu JE, Reobuck AA. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network thinking in teams research. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 309\u201332 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        69. \n

          Hahl O, Kacperczyk A, Davis JP <\/span><\/span>2016<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Knowledge asymmetry and brokerage: linking network perception to position in structural holes. <\/span><\/span>Strategic Organ<\/span><\/span><\/em> 14:2118\u201343<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        70. \n

          Halevy N, Halali E, Zlatev JJ <\/span><\/span>2019<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Brokerage and brokering: an integrative review and organizing framework for third party influence. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Ann.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 13:215\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        71. \n

          Halgin DS, Borgatti SP, Huang Z. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Prismatic effects of negative ties. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 60:26\u201333<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        72. \n

          Hansen MT. <\/span><\/span>1999<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The search-transfer problem: the role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organizational subunits. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 44:82\u2013111<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        73. \n

          Harris JK. <\/span><\/span>2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>An Introduction to Exponential Random Graph Modeling<\/span><\/span><\/em> Los Angeles: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        74. \n

          Hasan S. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social networks and careers. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 228\u201350 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        75. \n

          Iyengar R, Van den Bulte C, Valente TW. <\/span><\/span>2011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Opinion leadership and social contagion in new product diffusion. <\/span><\/span>Mark. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 30:195\u2013212<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        76. \n

          Kilduff M, Brass DJ. <\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Organizational social network research: core ideas and key debates. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Ann.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 4:1317\u201357<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        77. \n

          Kilduff M, Buengerler C. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Self-monitoring: a personality theory for network research. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 155\u201377 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        78. \n

          Kilduff M, Crossland C, Tsai W, Krackhardt D. <\/span><\/span>2008<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Organizational network perceptions versus reality: A small world after all? <\/span><\/span>Organ<\/span><\/span><\/em>. <\/span><\/span>Behav. Hum. Decis. Process.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 107:115\u201328<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        79. \n

          Kilduff M, Krackhardt D. <\/span><\/span>1994<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Bringing the individual back in: a structural analysis of the internal market for reputation in organizations. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 37:87\u2013108<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        80. \n

          Kilduff M, Lee JW. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The integration of people and networks. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 7:155\u201379<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        81. \n

          Kilduff M, Tsai W. <\/span><\/span>2003<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks and Organizations<\/span><\/span><\/em> London: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        82. \n

          Kleinbaum AM. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Organizational misfits and the origins of brokerage in intrafirm networks. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 57:3407\u201352<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        83. \n

          Kleinbaum AM. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Reorganization and tie decay choices. <\/span><\/span>Manag. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 64:2219\u201337<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        84. \n

          Kleinbaum AM, Jordan AH, Audia PG. <\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. An alter-centric perspective on the origins of brokerage in social networks: how perceived empathy moderates the self-monitoring effect. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 26:41226\u201342<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        85. \n

          Krackhardt D. <\/span><\/span>1987<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Cognitive social structure. <\/span><\/span>Soc. Netw.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 9:109\u201334<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        86. \n

          Krackhardt D. <\/span><\/span>1990<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Assessing the political landscape: structure, cognition, and power in organizations. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 35:342\u201369<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        87. \n

          Krackhardt D <\/span><\/span>1994<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Constraints on the interactive organization as an ideal type. <\/span><\/span>The Post-Bureaucratic Organization: New Perspectives on Organizational Change<\/span><\/span><\/em> C Hecksher, A Donnellon 211\u201322 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        88. \n

          Krackhardt D <\/span><\/span>1999<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Simmelian ties: super strong and sticky. <\/span><\/span>Power and Influence in Organizations<\/span><\/span><\/em> R Kramer, M Neale 21\u201338 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        89. \n

          Krackhardt D, Kilduff M. <\/span><\/span>1999<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Whether close or far: social distance effects on perceived balance in friendship networks. <\/span><\/span>J. Pers. Soc. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 76:5770\u201382<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        90. \n

          Krackhardt D, Porter LW. <\/span><\/span>1985<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. When friends leave: a structural analysis of the relationship between turnover and stayers\u2019 attitudes. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 30:242\u201361<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        91. \n

          Kwon S, Rondi E, Levin DZ, DeMassis A, Brass DJ <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network brokerage: an integrative review and future research agenda. <\/span><\/span>J. Manag.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 46:1092\u20131120<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        92. \n

          Labianca G, Brass DJ. <\/span><\/span>2006<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Exploring the social ledger: negative relationships and negative asymmetry in social networks in organizations. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 31:596\u2013614<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        93. \n

          Landis B, Kilduff M, Menges JI, Kilduff GJ. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The paradox of agency: feeling powerful reduces brokerage opportunity recognition yet increases willingness to broker. <\/span><\/span>J. Appl. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 103:929\u201338<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        94. \n

          Lazega E. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Bureaucracy, Collegiality and Social Change: Redefining Organizations with Multilevel Relational Infrastructures<\/span><\/span><\/em> Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        95. \n

          Lazega E, Snijders TAB <\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences: Theory, Methods and Applications<\/span><\/span><\/em> New York: Springer<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        96. \n

          Lazer D. <\/span><\/span>2001<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The co-evolution of individual and network. <\/span><\/span>J. Math. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 25:69\u2013108<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        97. \n

          Levin DZ, Walter J, Appleyard MM, Cross R. <\/span><\/span>2016<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Relational enhancement: how the relational dimension of social capital unlocks the value of network-bridging ties. <\/span><\/span>Group Organ. Manag.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 41:415\u201357<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        98. \n

          Levin DZ, Walter J, Murnighan JK <\/span><\/span>2011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dormant ties: the value of reconnecting. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 22:923\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        99. \n

          Lin N. <\/span><\/span>1999<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social networks and status attainment. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 25:467\u201387<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        100. \n

          Mannucci PV, Perry-Smith JE. <\/span><\/span>2021<\/span><\/span><\/strong>.. \u201c Who are you going to call?\u201d Network activation in creative idea generation and elaboration. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2019.0333<\/span><\/span><\/u>. In press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        101. \n

          Maoret M, Tortoriello M, Iubatti D. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Big fish, big pond? The joint effect of formal and informal core\u2013periphery positions on innovation productivity. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 31:61538\u201359<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        102. \n

          McFadyen MA, Semadeni M, Cannella AA Jr <\/span><\/span>2009<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Value of strong ties to disconnected others: examining knowledge creation in biomedicine. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 20:3552\u201364<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        103. \n

          Mehra A, Kilduff M, Brass DJ. <\/span><\/span>2001<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The social networks of high and low self-monitors: implications for workplace performance. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 46:1121\u201346<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        104. \n

          Methot JR, Lepine JA, Podsakoff NP, Christian JS. <\/span><\/span>2016<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Are workplace friendships a mixed blessing? Exploring tradeoffs of multiplex relationships and their associations with job performance. <\/span><\/span>Pers. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 69:2311\u201355<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        105. \n

          Methot JR, Rosado-Solomon E. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Multiplex relationships in organizations: applying an ambivalence lens. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 79\u2013103 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        106. \n

          Moliterno TP, Mahony DM. <\/span><\/span>2011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network theory of organization: a multilevel approach. <\/span><\/span>J. Manag.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 37:2443\u201367<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        107. \n

          Moreno JL. <\/span><\/span>1934<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Who Shall Survive?: A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations<\/span><\/span><\/em> Washington, DC: Nerv. Ment. Disease Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        108. \n

          Nebus J. <\/span><\/span>2006<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Building collegial information networks: a theory of advice network generation. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 31:615\u201337<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        109. \n

          Newcomb TM. <\/span><\/span>1961<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>The Acquaintance Process<\/span><\/span><\/em> New York: Holt<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        110. \n

          Obstfeld D. <\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 50:100\u201330<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        111. \n

          Obstfeld D, Borgatti SP, Davis J <\/span><\/span>2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Brokerage as a process: decoupling third party action from social network structure. <\/span><\/span>Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 40: Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, G Labianca, A Mehra, DS Halgin, SP Borgatti 135\u201359 Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publ.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        112. \n

          Oh H, Kilduff M. <\/span><\/span>2008<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The ripple effect of personality on social structure: self-monitoring origins of network brokerage. <\/span><\/span>J. Appl. Psych.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 93:1155\u201364<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        113. \n

          Parkinson C, Kleinbaum AM, Wheatly T. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Similar neural responses predict friendship. <\/span><\/span>Nat. Commun.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 9:332<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        114. \n

          Paruchuri S. <\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Intraorganizational networks, interorganizational networks, and the impact of central inventors: a longitudinal study of pharmaceutical firms. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 21:63\u201380<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        115. \n

          Paruchuri S, Goossen MC, Phelps C <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Conceptual foundations of multilevel social networks. <\/span><\/span>The Handbook for Multilevel Theory, Measurement, and Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/em> SE Humphrey, JM LeBreton 201\u201322 Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        116. \n

          Perry BL, Pescosolido BA, Borgatti SP. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Egocentric Network Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/em> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        117. \n

          Perry-Smith JE, Mannucci PV. <\/span><\/span>2017<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. From creativity to innovation: the social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Rev.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 42:53\u201379<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        118. \n

          Podolny JM. <\/span><\/span>2001<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Networks as the pipes and prisms of the market. <\/span><\/span>Am. J. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 107:33\u201360<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        119. \n

          Quintane E, Carnabuci G <\/span><\/span>2016<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. How do brokers broker? Tertius gaudens, tertius iungens, and the temporality of structural holes. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci<\/span><\/span><\/em> 27:61343\u201360<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        120. \n

          Reagans R, Zuckerman E, McEvily B <\/span><\/span>2004<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. How to make the team: social networks vs. demography as criteria for designing effective teams. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 49:101\u201333<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        121. \n

          Rider CI <\/span><\/span>2009<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Constraints on the control benefits of brokerage: a study of placement agents in U.S. venture capital fundraising. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 54:575\u2013601<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        122. \n

          Rivera MT, Soderstrom SB, Uzzi B. <\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dynamics of dyads in social networks: assortative, relational, and proximity mechanisms. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 36:191\u2013115<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        123. \n

          Roethlisberger FJ, Dixon WJ. <\/span><\/span>1939<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Management and the Worker<\/span><\/span><\/em> Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        124. \n

          Sasidharan S, Santhanam R, Brass DJ, Sambamurthy V. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The effects of social network structure on enterprise system success: a longitudinal multilevel analysis. <\/span><\/span>Info. Sys. Res.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 23:658\u201378<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        125. \n

          Sasovova Z, Mehra A, Borgatti SP, Schippers MC. <\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network churn: the effects of self-monitoring personality on brokerage dynamics. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 55:639\u201368<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        126. \n

          Seibert SE, Kraimer ML, Liden RC. <\/span><\/span>2001<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. A social capital theory of career success. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 44:219\u201337<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        127. \n

          Simmel G <\/span><\/span>1950<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>The Sociology of Georg Simmel<\/span><\/span><\/em> New York: Free Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        128. \n

          Smith EB, Menon T, Thompson L. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Status differences in the cognitive activation of social networks. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 23:67\u201382<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        129. \n

          Snijders T, Koskinen J <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Longitudinal models. <\/span><\/span>Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks: Theory, Methods, and Applications<\/span><\/span><\/em> D Lusher, J Koskinen, G Robins 130\u201340 New York: Cambridge Univ. Press<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        130. \n

          Soda G, Mannucci PV, Burt RS. <\/span><\/span>2021<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Networks, creativity, and time: staying creative through brokerage and network rejuvenation. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 64:1164\u201390<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        131. \n

          Soda G, Tortoriello M, Iorio A. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Harvesting value from brokerage: individual strategic orientation, structural holes, and performance. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J<\/span><\/span><\/em> 61:896\u2013918<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        132. \n

          Soltis SM, Brass DJ, Lepak DM. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social resource management: an integration of social networks and human resource management. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Ann.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 12:537\u201373<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        133. \n

          Sparrowe RT, Liden RC. <\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Two routes to influence: integrating leader-member exchange and network perspectives. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 50:505\u201335<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        134. \n

          Stovel K, Shaw L. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Brokerage. <\/span><\/span>Annu. Rev. Sociol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 38:139\u201358<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        135. \n

          Tasselli S, Kilduff M. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. When brokerage between friendship cliques endangers trust: a personality-network fit perspective. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 61:3802\u201325<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        136. \n

          Tasselli S, Kilduff M. <\/span><\/span>2021<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Network agency. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Ann.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 15:68\u2013110<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        137. \n

          Tasselli S, Kilduff M, Landis B. <\/span><\/span>2018<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Personality change: implications for organizational behavior. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. Ann.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 12:467\u201393<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        138. \n

          Ter Wal A, Criscuolo P, McEvily B, Salter A <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dual networking: how collaborators network in their quest for innovation. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 65:4887\u2013930<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        139. \n

          Tortoriello M, Reagans R, McEvily B. <\/span><\/span>2012<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Bridging the knowledge gap: the influence of strong ties, network cohesion, and network range on the transfer of knowledge between organizational units. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 23:41024\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        140. \n

          Travers J, Milgram S <\/span><\/span>1969<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. An experimental study of the \u201csmall world\u201d problem. <\/span><\/span>Sociometry<\/span><\/span><\/em> 32:425\u201343<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        141. \n

          Tr\u00f6ster C, Parker A, van Knippenberg D, Sahlm\u00fcller B. <\/span><\/span>2019<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. The coevolution of social networks and thoughts of quitting. <\/span><\/span>Acad. Manag. J.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 62:122\u201343<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        142. \n

          Uzzi B. <\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: the paradox of embeddedness. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 42:35\u201367<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        143. \n

          Venkataramani V, Labianca G, Grosser T. <\/span><\/span>2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Positive and negative workplace relationships, social satisfaction, and organizational attachment. <\/span><\/span>J. Appl. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 98:1028\u201339<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        144. \n

          Vedres B. <\/span><\/span>2017<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Forbidden triads and creative success in jazz: the Miles Davis factor. <\/span><\/span>Appl. Netw. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 2:31<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        145. \n

          Wagner WG, Pfeffer J, O’Reilly CA. <\/span><\/span>1984<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Organizational demography and turnover in top-management teams. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 29:74\u201392<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        146. \n

          Walter J, Levin DZ, Murnighan JK <\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Reconnection choices: selecting the most valuable (versus most preferred) dormant ties. <\/span><\/span>Organ. Sci.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 26:51447\u201365<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        147. \n

          Watts DJ. <\/span><\/span>2003<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age<\/span><\/span><\/em> New York: WW Norton<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        148. \n

          Xiao Z, Tsui AS <\/span><\/span>2007<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. When brokers may not work: the cultural contingency of social capital in Chinese high-tech firms. <\/span><\/span>Adm. Sci. Q.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 52:1\u201331<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        149. \n

          Yang SW, Soltis SM, Ross JR, Labianca GJ <\/span><\/span>2021<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dormant tie reactivation as an affiliative coping response to stressors during the COVID-19 crisis. <\/span><\/span>J. Appl. Psychol.<\/span><\/span><\/em> 106:4489\u201350<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        150. \n

          Yang SW, Trincado F, Labianca G, Agneessen F. <\/span><\/span>2020<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Negative ties at work. <\/span><\/span>Social Networks at Work<\/span><\/span><\/em> DJ Brass, SP Borgatti 49\u201378 New York: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


          <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n
          \n

          \uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/section>\n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          \u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          \n


          <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u793e\u79d1\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4eff\u771f\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bc6\u5207\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68b3\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/span><\/section>\n
          \u3010<\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span>\u3011\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u7531\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7f57\u5bb6\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u9886\u8854\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u4f4d\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8612\u5468\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u95ed\u95e8\u8336\u8bdd\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u5706\u684c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u805a\u7126\u8ba8\u8bbaGraph\u3001Embedding\u3001NLP\u3001Modeling\u3001Data collection\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n
          \n


          <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u524d\u6cbf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/a><\/span><\/strong>
          <\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
          <\/strong><\/section>\n
          1. \u5168\u7403\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a78\u4ebf\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
          <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
          2. \u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u591a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u6a21\u62df\u793e\u4f1a\u97e7\u6027<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
          <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
          3. \u96c6\u4f53\u5fc3\u667a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
          <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
          4. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u79d1\u7814\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7a81\u7834\u5185\u5377\u3001\u5171\u7814\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
          <\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

          6. \u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u73a9\u8f6c\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5171\u521b\u6591\u56fe\uff01\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ebf\u4e0b\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u62db\u52df<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u6458\u8981 \u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\uff08Social Network Analysis, SNA\uff09\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4eba\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08interpersonal social networks\uff09\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ca\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u6d1e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff08structural holes and b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":58781,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58787"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58787\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/58781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58787"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=58787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}