{"id":59743,"date":"2025-05-16T19:38:29","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T11:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=59743"},"modified":"2025-05-16T19:38:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T11:38:29","slug":"%e7%89%b9%e5%88%8a%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=59743","title":{"rendered":"\u7279\u520a\u957f\u6587\uff1a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec8\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6291\u5236\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7834\u574f\u503e\u5411\uff08self-undermining tendency\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u5c40\u90e8\u71b5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5c40\u90e8\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8017\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff09\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u671d\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5176\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u65e2\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9006\u5411\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6216\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e3b\u9898\u4e13\u520a\u300a\u70ed\u529b\u5b662.0\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u5468\u65e5\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u548c\u6b64\u8bdd\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u76f4\u64ad\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u9884\u7ea6\u76f4\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u7834\u574f\u503e\u5411\uff08self-undermining tendency\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8017\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Terrence W. Deacon,Miguel Garc\u00eda-Valdecasas\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f6d\u6668\u4e28\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6768\u660e\u54f2\u4e28\u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u300c\u70ed\u529b\u5b662.0\u300d\u7279\u520a\u4e28\u6765\u6e90https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2022.0282<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e89<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. <\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u8bba vs \u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9 vs \u63a7\u5236\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5. <\/span>\u7ec8\u5c40\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6. <\/span>\u4ece\u7ec8\u5c40\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

7. <\/span>\u4ece\u7ec8\u5c40\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

8. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u76ee\u7684\u8bba<\/span>\uff08teleology\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839<\/span>\uff081561\u20131626\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e<\/span>\uff081632\u20131677\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u57f9\u6839\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\u2026\u2026\u7ed9\u79d1\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u8bef\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u201d[1]\u3002\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\u5b66\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u5012\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u89c6\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u201d[2]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9006\u5411\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08backward causation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5947\u602a\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u5f62\u5f0f\u9884\u5148\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u662f\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u4f46\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>(teleonlgical causality)<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u4f53\u73b0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u540c\u6e90\u7269\uff08primitive homologue\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8d8a\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u71b5\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5185\u90e8\u71b5\u51cf\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5229\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u7b80\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u5947\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u6682\u65f6\u5730\u88ab\u9006\u8f6c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/evolutionnews.org\/2017\/06\/thermodynamics-of-the-origin-of-life\/<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5176\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411<\/span>\uff08future-oriented end-directed\uff09<\/span>\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e03\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u56de\u907f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08terminal process\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08target-directed processes\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5411\u67d0\u79cd\u6700\u5927\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u540e\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bfc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5219\u671d\u7740\u5e76\u975e\u7ec8\u5c40\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3001\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7a33\u5b9a\u503c\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u671d\u7740\u5c40\u90e8\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u8865\u507f\u5404\u81ea\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u672a\u6765\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u57f9\u6839\u548c\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u94fe\u63a5\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u5145\u6ee1\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5996\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u503e\u5411\u30021930\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6c83\u68ee<\/span>\uff08David Watson\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0[10]\u4e2d\u7cbe\u8f9f\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u71b5\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8bba\u8bc1\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdd\u53cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d8\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u897f\u62c9\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Szilard\uff09<\/span>[11]\u5206\u6790\u6d4b\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u901f\u5ea6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u6e0a<\/span>\uff08Brillouin\uff09<\/span>[12]\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u71b5\u6982\u5ff5\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6770\u6069\u65af<\/span>\uff08Jaynes\uff09<\/span>[13]\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6700\u5927\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u71b5\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5170\u9053\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Landauer\uff09<\/span>[14]\u8bc1\u660e\u4fe1\u606f\u64e6\u9664<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7269\u7406\u71b5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u5747\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u514b\u670d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u71b5\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u5b64\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u71b5\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b83\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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3. <\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u8bba vs \u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9 vs \u63a7\u5236\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5927\u7ea6\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587<\/span>\uff08Charles Darwin\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u9002\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u672a\u9884\u77e5\u54ea\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c06\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u66f4\u9002\u914d\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u9002\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u7e41\u884d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/kknews.cc\/zh-my\/science\/l8paob.html<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\u5e76\u4f9d\u6b21\u201c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Maynard Smith[15]\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u9760\u5927\u91cf\u7e41\u6b96\u589e\u52a0\u53d8\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u4f53\u526f\u672c\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u800c\u7e41\u6b96\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7279\u5b9a\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u6297\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u53d1Pittendrigh[5]\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08teleonomy\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u60c5\u8272\u5f69\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u7528\u2018\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u2019\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u5c06\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u201d\u4e3e\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6d77\u9f9f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5b83\u6e38\u5230\u6d77\u6ee9\u5e76\u4ea7\u5375\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u5375\u800c\u6e38\u5230\u6d77\u6ee9\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0cPittendrigh\u5728\u56de\u5e94Mayr[4]\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u548c\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u751f\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u5426\u4ece\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u751f\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u7279\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Pittendrigh \u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a\u201c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u2018\u76ee\u7684\u2019\u6216\u2018\u76ee\u6807\u2019\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u9002\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u884d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c38\u7eed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u9644\u5c5e\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u8fdb\u98df\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u548c\u751f\u5b58\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u201d[4]\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5148\u6709\u9e21\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6709\u86cb\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff1f\u5728\u4ece\u201c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u2018\u76ee\u7684\u2019\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u6027<\/span>\uff08teleonomy\uff09<\/span>\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u6d88\u9664\u6389\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u907f\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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4. <\/span>\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08teleological causal processes\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5e72\u9884\u6027\u201d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u6253\u7834\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7279\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u7279\u5f81\u6027\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u80cc\u666f\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u505a\u529f\u201d\u6765\u4fc3\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6491\u4f1e\u9632\u6b62\u96e8\u6c34\u6d78\u6e7f\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5728\u5bd2\u51b7\u5929\u6c14\u7a7f\u4fdd\u6696\u8863\u7269\u5fa1\u5bd2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u98df\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9965\u997f\u611f\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6d89\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u9884\u963b\u6b62\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u98df\u4e5f\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e14\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u5c4f\u969c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u81ea\u53d1\u9000\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0e\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6405\u62cc\u5496\u5561\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u7cd6\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6e05\u9664\u6eaa\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u704c\u6728\u4ee5\u758f\u901a\u6c34\u6d41\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5480\u56bc\u98df\u7269\u4ee5\u7834\u788e\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u6d88\u5316\u9176\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u505a\u5de5\u626b\u9664\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u71b5\u589e\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u71b5\u589e\u6216\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6297\u81ea\u53d1\u8d8b\u52bf\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u963b\u788d\u8fd8\u662f\u9006\u8f6c\u5176\u53d8\u5316\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53d1<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u505a\u529f\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u963b\u788d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u505a\u529f\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u83b7\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u963b\u6b62\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u8d8b\u52bf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u3001\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u6355\u98df\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u538b\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8bad\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/671940366_120545240<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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5. <\/span>\u7ec8\u5c40\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u65e8\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8 X\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u201c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u201d\u4f7f\u6761\u4ef6 Y \u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002Y \u662f X \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 X \u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0cY \u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u5411\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u6211\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.shuxuele.com\/geometry\/parabola.html<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u5e03\u79d1\u514b<\/span>\uff08Babcock\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u8c22<\/span>\uff08McShea\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u6c47\u805a\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65ad\u8a00\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u503e\u5411\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6c47\u805a\uff1b<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f52\u8bf8\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u8a00\u8bf4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u56e0\u679c\u6839\u57fa<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5c40\u90e8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ea7\u751f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u6784\u7b51\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u4fbf\u88ab\u6574\u4f53\u6240\u5185\u5728\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5bf9\u6297\u5916\u90e8\u80cc\u666f\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u7269\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\u65e2\u4e0e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u65e2\u975e\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6c47\u805a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u751f\u547d\u529b\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u00e9lan vital\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b32\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u573a\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5185\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 Garc\u00eda-Valdecasas[17]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.sj33.cn\/dphoto\/other\/201003\/22604.html<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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6. <\/span>\u4ece\u7ec8\u5c40\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523b\u753b\u4e00\u5207\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fd8\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u6362\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53c2\u91cf\u662f\u71b5\uff1b\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u71b5\u53ea\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u505a\u529f\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u82e5\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u529f\uff1b\u800c\u71b5\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u589e\u5927\u5219\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u529f\u7684\u4ed8\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u505a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u529f\u6765\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u7ef4\u6301\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u71b5\u201c\u6392\u51fa\u201d\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u201c\u5185\u5728\u5316\u201d\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8017\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7ec8\u5c40\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08terminal dynamics\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7a7a\u6c14\u6216\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6da1\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u70ed\u6cb9\u4e2d\u96f7\u5229\u2013\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5355\u5143<\/span>\uff08Rayleigh\u2013B\u00e9nard convection cells\uff09<\/span>\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u8702\u7a9d\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u8017\u6563\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u9ad8\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u5916\u90e8\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u6301\u7eed\u6270\u52a8\u6216\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u9a71\u52a8\u4f5c\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u504f\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u201d\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u9a71\u4f7f\u5b83\u8d8b\u5411\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u6001<\/span>\uff08end state\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8017\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u71b5\u201c\u5378\u8f7d\u201d\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u8017\u6563\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u81ea\u53d1\u8017\u6563\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8017\u6563\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8017\u6563\u5728\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u88ab\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u5411\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406\u201d<\/span>\uff08maximum entropy production principle \uff0cMEPP\uff09<\/span>[18]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8017\u6563\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u65e9\u57281944\u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u6e29\u00b7\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14<\/span>\uff08Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u4e2d\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u601d\u8003\u9053\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u71b5\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u71b5\u201d\u6765\u8865\u507f\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25<\/span>\uff08Prigogine\uff09<\/span>[19]\u548c\u827e\u6839<\/span>\uff08Eigen\uff09<\/span>[20]\u7b49\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u672a\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u7279\u5f81\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u590d\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6270\u52a8\u76f8\u90bb\u533a\u57df\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u745e\u5229-\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6d41\u5355\u5143\u6216\u6da1\u8857\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u8017\u5c3d\u9a71\u52a8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u6291\u5236\u6216\u5ef6\u7f13\u5176\u8d70\u5411\u7ec8\u5c40\u6001\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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7. <\/span>\u76ee\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08Teleodynamics\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7531\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7531 Deacon [23\u201326] \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u8ba8\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8eab\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08targeted dynamics\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u9057\u6f0f\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\uff1f\u8981\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u96be\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u6536\u655b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u6001\u201d\uff08\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u6001\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5404\u81ea\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u4e0b\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u81ea\u751f\u75c5\u6bd2\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u81ea\u751f\u4f53\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u751f\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08autopoietic system\uff09<\/span>[27]\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u7684\u662f\u5176\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5982\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6216\u7ea6\u675f\u95ed\u5408[28]\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5176\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81ea\u751f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u8fd1\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8fdc\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5df2\u57282020\u5e74\u70ed\u529b\u5b662.0\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u6587\u7a3f\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u9610\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[25]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u8fea\u80af[26]\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u4ec5\u4f5c\u7b80\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5916\u58f3<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u8863\u58f3\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5305\u88f9\u7740\u6838\u9178\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982RNA\u6216DNA\u3002\u82e5\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8863\u58f3\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5176\u6838\u9178\u5185\u5bb9\u7269\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u8bef\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u590d\u5236\u5b83\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u8863\u58f3\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u8863\u58f3\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u88c5<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u81f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6676\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8863\u58f3\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u590d\u5236\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6838\u9178\u805a\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec6\u80de\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u611f\u67d3\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u60f0\u6027\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u6837\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u751f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bc4\u751f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ec6\u80de\u590d\u6742\u7684DNA-RNA\u590d\u5236\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u7269\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u5236\u548c\u8863\u58f3\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u96c6\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[21]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5176\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5206\u5b50A\u548cB\u5404\u81ea\u901a\u8fc7\u50ac\u5316\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u50ac\u5316\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c40\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u5185\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u548c\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u50ac\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u901f\u7387\u4e0d\u518d\u8d85\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6269\u6563\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6982\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u7269\u8017\u5c3d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u88ab\u4e00\u8d77\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u6269\u6563\u8fdc\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8017\u5c3d\u5e95\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec8\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a8\u8fdf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u900f\u6027\u7684\u8863\u58f3\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u751f\u7269\u754c\u4e2d\u9887\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u8863\u58f3\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u589e\u52a0\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e5f\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u8863\u58f3\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u507f\u7531\u8863\u58f3\u589e\u957f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8863\u58f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5c06\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u6700\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8863\u58f3\u5c01\u88c5\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5e95\u7269\u5206\u79bb\u6765\u505c\u6b62\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u6269\u6563\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


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\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u4e92\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u8863\u58f3\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u2014\u2014\u5404\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u963b\u6b62\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u7ec8\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u534f\u540c\u8026\u5408\u5c06\u671d\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u867d\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u9002\u5b9c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u81ea\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08autogenic process\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u534f\u540c\u8026\u5408\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec8\u5c40\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u6027\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u71b5\u51cf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u5411\u81ea\u6211\u7ec8\u6b62\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\u65f6\u4fee\u590d\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5e76\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7269\u8d28\u7f6e\u6362\u540e\u4ecd\u80fd\u91cd\u5851\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u8026\u5408\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u201c\u53d1\u751f\u70b9\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6f5c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u5f81\u5bfc\u5411\u4e86\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5c0f\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5c1a\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u751f\u6bd4\u5fc3\u7406\u76ee\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u65e2\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9006\u5411\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u53cd\u9988\u6216\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5c0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u5468\u65e5\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u548c\u6b64\u8bdd\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u76f4\u64ad\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8be6\u60c5\u5982\u6d77\u62a5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    Klein J, Giglioni G. 2020 Francis Bacon. In The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (fall 2020edition) (ed. EN Zalta). Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Seehttps:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2020\/entries\/francis-bacon\/.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Spinoza B. 2002 Complete works. Cambridge, MA: Hackett Publishing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Rosenblueth A, Wiener N, Bigelow J. 1943 Behavior, purpose and teleology. Philos. Sci. 10,18\u201324. (doi:10.1086\/286788)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Mayr E. 1974 Teleological and teleonomic: a new analysis. In Boston studies in the philosophy ofscience (Vol. XIV) (eds RS Cohen, MW Wartofsky), pp. 91\u2013117. Boston, MA: Reidel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Pittendrigh CS. 1958 Adaptation, natural selection and behavior. In Behavior and evolution (edsA Roe, GG Simpson), pp. 390\u2013416. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Millikan RG. 1984 Language, thought, and other biological categories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Neander K. 1991 Functions as selected effects: the conceptual analyst\u2019s defense. Philos. Sci. 58,168\u2013184. (doi:10.1086\/289610)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    Godfrey-Smith P. 1994 A modern history theory of functions. No\u00fbs 28, 344\u2013362.(doi:10.2307\/2216063)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    Maxwell JC. 1867\/1911 Letter to Peter Guthrie Tait report. In Life and scienti\ufb01c work of PeterGuthrie Tait (ed. CG Knott). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    Watson DL. 1930 Entropy and organization. Science 72, 220\u2013222. (doi:10.1126\/science.72.1861.220.b)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

    Szilard L. 1929 On the decrease of entropy in a thermodynamic system by the interventionof intelligent beings. In The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: Scienti\ufb01c Papers (eds BT Field, GWSzilard). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

    Brillouin L. 1951 Maxwell\u2019s demon cannot operate: information and entropy. J. Appl. Phys. 22,334. (doi:10.1063\/1.1699951)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Jaynes ET. 1957 Information theory and statistical mechanics, I & II. Phys. Rev. 106, 620\u2013630,108 (2): 171\u2013190. (doi:10.1103\/PhysRev.106.620)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Garc\u00eda-Valdecasas M. (ND) The \ufb01eld theory: how radical externalism explains away teleology.[manuscript under review].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Swenson R. 1988 Emergence and the principle of maximum entropy production: multi-levelsystem theory, evolution, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In Proc. 32nd Annual Meetingof ISGSR, vol. 32, New York, NY, 8 November 1988, p. 32. United Nations Digital Library.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Deacon T. 2006 Reciprocal linkage between self-organizing processes is suf\ufb01cient for self-reproduction and evolvability. Biol. Theory 1, 136\u2013149. (doi:10.1162\/biot.2006.1.2.136)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  24. \n

    Deacon T. 2012 Incomplete nature: how mind emerged from matter. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Deacon T. 2020 Teleodynamics: specifying the dynamical principles of intrinsically enddirected processes. In Thermodynamics 2.0: 2020, Online, 22\u201324 June 2020, Online, pp. 60\u201364.Broom\ufb01eld, CO: IAISAE.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  26. \n

    Deacon T. 2021 How molecules became signs. Biosemiotics 14, 537\u2013559. (doi:10.1007\/s12304-021-09453-9)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Maturana HR, Varela FJ. 1980 Autopoiesis and cognition: the realization of the living. Boston studiesin the philosophy of science, vol. 42. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: D. Reidel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Moreno A, Mossio M. 2015 Biological autonomy: a philosophical and theoretical enquiry. Dordrecht,The Netherlands: Springer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  29. \n

    Schr\u00f6dinger E. 1992 What is life? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u516d\u5b63<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u5728\u9713\u8679\u706f\u7684\u95ea\u70c1\u3001\u8681\u7fa4\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u8054\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8d8a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u5f81\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u53e0\u52a0\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ece\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3\uff08SVD\uff09\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u4e00\u5957\u8de8\u8d8a\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u7801\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5bc6\u7801\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u9886\u8854\u53d1\u8d77\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7b2c\u516d\u5b63\u300d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u8bdd\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/span><\/a><\/section>\n
    \n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7b2c\u516d\u5b63\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

     <\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/span><\/p>\n

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    \n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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    <\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    <\/strong><\/section>\n
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    <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    2. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5230\u9634\u9633\u54f2\u5b66<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>
    <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    3. \u5f20\u6c5f\uff1a\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    4. \u5408\u6210\u4eba\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/a><\/span>
    <\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    5. \u751f\u7269\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
    <\/strong><\/section>\n
    6. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6d8c\u73b0\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f | \u65b0\u8bfe\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/strong>7. <\/span><\/strong>AI\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5171\u63a2\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

    8. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u6458\u8981 \u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec8\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6291\u5236\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7834\u574f\u503e\u5411\uff08self-undermining tendency\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u5c40\u90e8…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":59725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"special":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/59725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59743"},{"taxonomy":"special","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fspecial&post=59743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}