{"id":59971,"date":"2025-05-22T20:44:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T12:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=59971"},"modified":"2025-05-22T20:44:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T12:44:40","slug":"%e5%85%b0%e9%81%93%e5%b0%94%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%ef%bc%9a%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e4%b8%8e%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e6%a1%a5%e6%a2%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=59971","title":{"rendered":"\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6865\u6881"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e3b\u9898\u4e13\u520a\u300a\u70ed\u529b\u5b662.0\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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 Edward Bormashenko\u4e28\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u963f\u91cc\u57c3\u52d2\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6750\u6599\u7cfb\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u575a\u4fe1\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014 \u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u30fb\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff08Albert Einstein\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5174\u8da3\u6e90\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027[1]\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/span>\uff08Quantum computer\uff09<\/span>[2]\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u6750\u6599\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b[3]\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5219\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143 \u201c\u6253\u5f00\u201d \u548c \u201c\u5173\u95ed\u201d \u6765\u5904\u7406\u6bd4\u7279<\/span>\uff08bit\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b[4]\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6781\u9650<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u901f\u5ea6\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11[5]\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7834\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6ce8\uff1a\u81ea\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\uff08Self – contained system\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8ba8\u8bba\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u4e14\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u5e72\u6270\u5c31\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u671f\u7279\u520a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Landauer\u2019s principle\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u9650\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u64e6\u9664 1 bit \u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u80fd\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u7f57\u5c14\u592b\u30fb\u5170\u9053\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Rolf Landauer\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u9075\u5faa\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b[14-17]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u6e29\u5ea6 T \u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u64e6\u9664 1 bit \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f0f\uff081\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6ce8\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u4e86 3 \u548c 5\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86 8\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc78\u786e\u5b9a\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f3\u548c5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c06\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u6781\u9650\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6208\u52d2\u65af – \u83b1\u7ef4\u5ef7\u6781\u9650\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08Margolus\u2013Levitin limiting principle\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4[7]\u3002\u5355\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u77ed \u201c\u9a6c\u6208\u52d2\u65af – \u83b1\u7ef4\u5ef7 – \u5170\u9053\u5c14\u201d<\/span> (Margolus\u2013Levitin\u2013Landaue)<\/span>\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/span>\u03c4<\/span><\/span>MLL<\/span><\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7531\u516c\u5f0f\uff082\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\"image.png\"<\/span><\/sub>\u662f\u666e\u6717\u514b – \u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u70ed\u5316\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08Planck\u2013Boltzmann thermalization time\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u70ed\u5316\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6[25]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08i\uff09\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\uff08iii\uff09\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u6700\u4f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u534f\u8bae<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u56fe\u7075\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5c0f\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u6563\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5170\u9053\u5c14\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981[39]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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2. Lloyd, S. The Universe as Quantum Computer, A Computable Universe: Understanding and Exploring Nature as Computation; World Scientific: Singapore, 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Miller, J.F.; Harding, S.L.; Tufte, G. Evolution-in-materio: Evolving computation in materials. Evol. Intel. 2014, 7, 49\u201367. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Piccinini, G.; Maley, C. Computation in physical systems. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Zalta, E.N., Ed.; Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University: Stanford, CA, USA, 2010; Available online: https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/sum2021\/entries\/computation-physicalsystems (accessed on 16 April 2025).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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8. Hecht, E. Modern Optics. In Optics, 4th ed.; Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, USA, 2002; Chapter 13; pp. 609\u2013611.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

9. Landau, L.D.; Lifshitz, E.M. Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, 3rd ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1977; Volume 3, Chapter 2; pp. 46\u201349.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10. Bremermann, H.J. Optimization through evolution and recombination. In Self-Organizing Systems 1962; Yovits, M.C., Jacobi, G.T., Goldstein, G.D., Eds.; Spartan Books: Washington, DC, USA, 1962; pp. 93\u2013106.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11. Mandelstam, L.; Tamm, I. The Uncertainty Relation Between Energy and Time in Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, in Selected Papers; Bolotovskii, B.M., Frenkel, V.Y., Peierls, R., Eds.; Springer: Berlin\/Heidelberg, Germany, 1991.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

12. H\u00f6rnedal, N.; S\u00f6nnerborn, O. Margolus-Levitin quantum speed limit for an arbitrary fidelity. Phys. Rev. Res. 2023, 5, 043234. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

13. Margolus, M.; Levitin, L.B. The maximum speed of dynamical evolution. Phys. D Nonlinear Phenomena 1998, 120, 188\u2013195. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

14. Landauer, R. Dissipation and heat generation in the computing process. IBM J. Res. Dev. 1961, 5, 183.[CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

15. Landauer, R. Information is physical. Phys. Today 1991, 44, 5, 23\u201329. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

16. Landauer, R. Minimal energy requirements in communication. Science 1996, 272, 1914\u20131918. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17. Bennett, C.H.; Landauer, R. The fundamental physical limits of computation. Sci. Am. 1985, 253, 48\u201357. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

18. Maroney, O.J.E. The (absence of a) relationship between thermodynamic and logical reversibility. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. B 2005, 36, 355\u2013374. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

19. Piechocinska, B. Information erasure. Phys. Rev. A 2000, 61, 062314. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

20. Parrondo, J.M.R.; Horowitz, J.M.; Sagawa, T. Thermodynamics of information. Nat. Phys. 2015, 11, 131\u2013139. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

21. Sagawa, T. Thermodynamic and logical reversibilities revisited. J. Stat. Mech. 2014, 2014, P03025. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22. Herrera, L. The mass of a bit of information and the Brillouin\u2019s principle. Fluct. Noise Lett. 2014, 13, 1450002. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23. Herrera, L. Landauer Principle and General Relativity. Entropy 2020, 22, 340. [CrossRef] [PubMed]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24. Bormashenko, E. Generalization of the Landauer Principle for Computing Devices Based on Many-Valued Logic. Entropy 2019, 21, 1150. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

25. Hartnoll, S.A.; Mackenzie, A.P. Colloquium: Planckian dissipation in metals. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2022, 94, 041002. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26. Wheeler, J.A. Information, physics, quantum: The search for links. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of New Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 28\u201331 August 1989; pp. 354\u2013368.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

27. Vopson, M. The mass-energy-information equivalence principle. AIP Adv. 2019, 9, 095206. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

28. M\u00fcller, J.G. Events as Elements of Physical Observation: Experimental Evidence. Entropy 2024, 26, 255. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

29. Bormashenko, E. The Landauer Principle: Re-Formulation of the Second Thermodynamics Law or a Step to Great Unification? Entropy 2019, 21, 918. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

30. Maroney, O.J.E. Generalizing Landauer\u2019s principle. Phys. Rev. E 2009, 79, 031105. [CrossRef] [PubMed]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

31. Esposito, M.; Van den Broeck, C. Second law and Landauer principle far from equilibrium. Europhys. Lett. 2011, 95, 40004. [CrossRef]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef<\/span>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/span><\/strong>\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff01<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


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3.Nature Physics \u4fe1\u606f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u901a\u5f80\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u672c\u8d28<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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4. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u79d1\u7814\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7a81\u7834\u5185\u5377\u3001\u5171\u7814\u6d8c\u73b0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/strong>5. <\/span><\/strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u8ba1\u5212 | \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e82025\u5185\u5bb9\u56e2\u961f\u62db\u52df\uff08\u5168\u804c&\u517c\u804c\uff09<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

6. \u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u73a9\u8f6c\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5171\u521b\u6591\u56fe\uff01\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ebf\u4e0b\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u62db\u52df<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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